BURNETT MARY REGION Burnett Catchment Water Quality Targets

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

BURNETT MARY REGION Burnett Catchment Water Quality Targets BURNETT MARY REGION Burnett catchment water quality targets ! B o k y Catchment profile Biloela ! it ree n mb C e B Kroo R a K ff e i l arib v C Banana o e ! e r r Under the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan, water quality ! e Ck B o y n e e B C k a oe re e k n Thangool orth arib targets have been set for each catchment that drains to the Great a N K n G C a t c h m e n t a r ! Moura Cre e e G Ck k v l d B a f f l e C a t c h m e n t Barrier Reef. These targets (given over the page) consider land use and K il a r i le s fo a a M s n o ! n ! C Ý D g pollutant loads from each catchment. a r a a C e ek Z[ w l Rosedale re C s e r Barubbra o k e e n K o Island k l 2 R a ! The Burnett catchment covers 33,207 km (63% of the Burnett Mary i Ý n v Avondale Burnett Heads Rive e k Z[ ! e r r re region). Rainfall averages 688 mm a year, which results in river e C Ý om ! Bargara s ek Z[ e e Ý Lon Cr T discharges to the coast of about 1076 GL each year. Ca tle Z[! K o l a n C a t c h m e n t T !!(B s Monto Ý !(! Ý . Z[ R Z[ D a w s o n S u b - c a t c h m e n t tt Ý Bundaberg e Ý n Gin Z[ ! u r !(BZ[ k B ree k r Ý e The Burnett catchment is the largest catchment in the Burnett Mary Theodore e in G in C Gin iv No G Ý Elliot t R g Z[ e ! o r Ý Z[ R region, with the bulk of the catchment area sitting inland behind the ive Z[ C r Ý H e r v e y B a y r e t Z[ y R n r iver Baffle, Kolan, Burrum and Mary catchments. The Burnett River captures i o l g F i t z r o y C a t c h m e n t e p r S G the waters from the whole catchment, with its headwaters rising k ee nCr aste r from the Bunya Mountains in the southernmost point of the Burnett Ý E r Z[ s R ive Childers Isi Mary region. Five major tributaries, Three Moon Creek, Auburn River, Ý Sa ! Z[ n d Hervey Bay Barker Creek, Barambah Creek and Stuart River, join the Burnett River y Burrum Catchment ! C r e at various points as it makes its way to the coast where its waters e Woody ! Eidsvold k Kangaroo Island discharge into the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. There are areas of A Island u R b Turkey nR. u e k o i e s rn d re sugarcane and horticulture near the coast but the dominant land aw R gul C Island D ive C n r S J o o t o hn r ! D use is grazing. The township of Bundaberg sits near the mouth of the C ee ! Walah r k e ek Biggenden ! Maryborough Island Burnett River. !Ý Mundubbera Round Fraser Z[ Ý Island ! Bush Island Z[ Moonboom Islands k e Gayndah Stewart Island re oo C ek Wide Cock at e r Bay r C Harbour k a e b B u r n e t t C a t c h m e n t B e e r e C o T M h o u ungaba nC a n n B re a e b k r n a m a Tin Can a T r C C i r n Land uses in the Burnett catchment a r e e e a Bay B e k n ! k a C r e The main land uses are grazing (77%), forestry (12%), and nature e k N conservation (4%). a C k Noos v k n r e a Ri e a g C e e u y M r e d Ý r a r B ! a ar C g e C Z[ ry Wandoan t a C k ! re k d ! n e i Kilkivan R J a . 0% 20 40 60 80 100 r W u Ý a G n ! Z[ d Ý ! a h Z[ Proston Gympie C Murgon !Ý re Ý S S Z[ M a r y C a t c h m e n t e tu k a Z[ t o ! Ý c r Cherbourg t Z[ k R ! Legend y a iv r e Grazing d r Wondai Tewantin GBR WHA boundary C k k e ! r Cre e C K ga ! T Ý !( e ri n Sewage treatment plant (STP) Irrigated croppingk B a a r oyn nd Cooroy razing Forestry Nature u e Z[ Imbil ab iver ! (B Sugar mill Dryland cropping rr R ! conservation Bu Ý k Eumundi Z[ Dams and weirs Sugarcane k ee C ! ba r Dryland cropping ab C y Y Yandina ! e Kingaroy Mangrove Horticulture l d ! Irrigated cropping u Kenilworth Nambour Seagrass Banana N O ! Ý b ! Miles i O k ! Z[ b k Urban e ! i C Catchmente Dairy C o ! r Kumbia l ! k re d C e e u k e Nanango k E CUrban and other intensive uses Cr B Sugarcane Highwaysd ys ! er r o Ý i Maleny rle rk sb Ý o a k Ý ! h Chinchilla ee a Z[ a r n w C Mining ! B Secondary roads ! C Z[Z[ e Water g er l l ! o iv nfa R ! D R Jandowae w k Landsborough o i Con e Stream/water inc. dams Yarraman v e m n D ! e da i W k e Landuse a r Horticulture mb e r ! o e C Cre Other r e C Nature conservation b ur k 0 y 10 20 r 30Beerw40ah 50 Co im o e e k ora e e o nga Cre k J r v Other ! C Kilcoy c i il anle R r E ! St y ! Forestry ooya K Woodford Condamine C muC Kilometres ree k S:\OGBR\d170612 GBR catchments map\GBR catchments map_A4P_v03.mxd Page 33 of 35 31 July 2017 2025 water quality targets and priorities Modelled water quality pollutant loads The Burnett catchment contributes the second largest anthropogenic loads of dissolved inorganic nitrogen End-of-catchment anthropogenic load reductions Pesticides and fine sediment in the region. Most of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen comes from sugarcane, and most of required from 2013 baseline the sediment from streambank erosion. The Burnett is one of the five highest contributors of fine sediment of the 35 catchments that drain to the Great Barrier Reef. Dissolved inorganic Fine sediment Particulate Particulate nitrogen (DIN) phosphorus (PP) nitrogen (PN) To protect at least Dissolved inorganic nitrogen 70% 20% 20% 20% 99% 150 tonnes 85 kilotonnes 29 tonnes 68 tonnes of aquatic species at the end of catchment The 2025 targets aim to reduce the amounts of fine sediments, nutrients Water quality Sugarcane razing Sewage treatment (nitrogen and phosphorus) and pesticides flowing to the reef. Each relative priority plant target for sediment and nutrients is expressed as: (a) the percentage Dryland cropping load reduction required compared with the 2013 estimated load Very high Most anthropogenic dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loads come Urban of each pollutant from the catchment; and (b) the load reductions from sugarcane, grazing and sewage treatment plants. High required in tonnes. Progress made since 2013 will count towards these Irrigated cropping targets. Previously reported progress between 2009 and 2013 has Moderate Horticulture already been accounted for when setting the targets. The pesticide Forestry target aims to ensure that concentrations of pesticides at the end of Low Other each catchment are low enough that 99% of aquatic species are Minimal Fine sediment protected. The targets are ecologically relevant for the Great Barrier Reef, and are necessary to ensure that broadscale land uses have no Not assessed detrimental effect on the reef’s health and resilience. A high percentage reduction target may not necessarily mean it is the highest priority. The priorities (ranked by colour) reflect the relative risk assessment priorities for water quality improvement, based on an Streambank razing rban erosion independent report, the 2017 Scientific Consensus Statement. The Forestry priorities reflect scientific assessment of the likely risks of pollutants Horticulture damaging coastal and marine ecosystems. Most anthropogenic fine sediment loads come from streambank erosion Sugarcane and grazing areas. Dryland cropping Other Irrigated cropping Types of sediment erosion 0% 100 Streambank ully Hillslope Most sediment erosion comes from streambanks and gullies in the Burnett catchment. reefplan.qld.gov.au.
Recommended publications
  • Johnathon Davis Thesis
    Durithunga – Growing, nurturing, challenging and supporting urban Indigenous leadership in education John Davis-Warra Bachelor of Arts (Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Studies & English) Post Graduate Diploma of Education Supervisors: Associate Professor Beryl Exley Associate Professor Karen Dooley Emeritus Professor Alan Luke Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Education Queensland University of Technology 2017 Keywords Durithunga, education, Indigenous, leadership. Durithunga – Growing, nurturing, challenging and supporting urban Indigenous leadership in education i Language Weaves As highlighted in the following thesis, there are a number of key words and phrases that are typographically different from the rest of the thesis writing. Shifts in font and style are used to accent Indigenous world view and give clear signification to the higher order thought and conceptual processing of words and their deeper meaning within the context of this thesis (Martin, 2008). For ease of transition into this thesis, I have created the “Language Weaves” list of key words and phrases that flow through the following chapters. The list below has been woven in Migloo alphabetical order. The challenge, as I explore in detail in Chapter 5 of this thesis, is for next generations of Indigenous Australian writers to relay textual information in the languages of our people from our unique tumba tjinas. Dissecting my language usage in this way and creating a Language Weaves list has been very challenging, but is part of sharing the unique messages of this Indigenous Education field research to a broader, non- Indigenous and international audience. The following weaves list consists of words taken directly from the thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Water Ambient Network (Water Quality) 2020-21
    Surface Water Ambient Network (Water Quality) 2020-21 July 2020 This publication has been compiled by Natural Resources Divisional Support, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. © State of Queensland, 2020 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. Under this licence you are free, without having to seek our permission, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The Queensland Government shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information. Summary This document lists the stream gauging stations which make up the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy (DNRME) surface water quality monitoring network. Data collected under this network are published on DNRME’s Water Monitoring Information Data Portal. The water quality data collected includes both logged time-series and manual water samples taken for later laboratory analysis. Other data types are also collected at stream gauging stations, including rainfall and stream height. Further information is available on the Water Monitoring Information Data Portal under each station listing.
    [Show full text]
  • FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM for the BURNETT RIVER
    Bureau Home > Australia > Queensland > Rainfall & River Conditions > River Brochures > Burnett FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM for the BURNETT RIVER This brochure describes the flood warning system operated by the Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology for the Burnett River. It includes reference information which will be useful for understanding Flood Warnings and River Height Bulletins issued by the Bureau's Flood Warning Centre during periods of high rainfall and flooding. Contained in this document is information about: (Last updated September 2019) Flood Risk Previous Flooding Flood Forecasting Local Information Flood Warnings and Bulletins Interpreting Flood Warnings and River Height Bulletins Flood Classifications Other Links Burnett River at Mundubbera Flood Risk The Burnett River is located on the southern Queensland coast with the mouth of the river sited just north of the City of Bundaberg. The total area of the catchment is about 33,000 square kilometres. The Burnett River rises in the Dawes Range, just north of Monto and flows south through Eidsvold and Mundubbera. Along the way it is joined by the Nogo and Auburn Rivers which drain large areas in the west of the catchment. Just before Mundubbera, the main river is joined by the Boyne River draining areas from the south and then begins its northeasterly journey to the coast. Between Gayndah and Mt Lawless, the Barker-Barambah Creeks system joins the Burnett River. Major flooding in the Burnett River is relatively infrequent. However, under favourable meteorological conditions such as a tropical low pressure system, heavy rainfalls can occur throughout the catchment which can result in significant river level rises and floods.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Park 2016
    Magazine of National Parks Association of Queensland state of the park 2016 why advocacy matters bunya mountains national park warrie circuit walk lamington spiny crayfish the national park experience Issue 7 February-March 2016 1 Welcome to Contents the February/ Welcome to Protected 2 March edition of State of the park 2016 3 Protected Why advocacy matters 6 Bunya Mountains National Park 8 Michelle Prior, NPAQ President Warrie Circuit walk, Springbrook 10 As this edition of Protected goes to Lamington spiny crayfish 12 press, NPAQ is eagerly awaiting the outcome of the Nature Conservation The National Park Experience 13 and Other Legislation Amendment Bill What’s On 14 2015, which if passed, will reinstate Letters to the Editor 15 the nature as the sole goal of the NC Act (which governs the creation and management of national parks Council President Michelle Prior in Queensland), and undo some Vice Presidents Tony O’Brien retrograde amendments made during Athol Lester the Newman term of government. Hon Secretary Debra Marwedel Asst Hon Secret Yvonne Parsons Another important issue currently Hon Treasurer Graham Riddell in the pipeline is the opportunity to Councillors Julie Hainsworth phase out sand mining on North Peter Ogilvie Stradbroke Island by 2019, supported Richard Proudfoot by an economic transition package. Des Whybird The Bill which proposes this end Mike Wilke date also serves to respect the rights Staff of the native title holders of North Conservation Principal: Stradbroke Island. The government Kirsty Leckie has a responsibility to protect and Business Development Officer: preserve what remains of the island’s Anna Tran remarkable natural environment and Project & Office Administrator: stem the tide of irreversible damage.
    [Show full text]
  • AUSTRALIAN BIODIVERSITY RECORD ______2007 (No 2) ISSN 1325-2992 March, 2007 ______
    AUSTRALIAN BIODIVERSITY RECORD ______________________________________________________________ 2007 (No 2) ISSN 1325-2992 March, 2007 ______________________________________________________________ Some Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Considerations on the Class Reptilia in Australia. Some Comments on the Elseya dentata (Gray, 1863) complex with Redescriptions of the Johnstone River Snapping Turtle, Elseya stirlingi Wells and Wellington, 1985 and the Alligator Rivers Snapping Turtle, Elseya jukesi Wells 2002. by Richard W. Wells P.O. Box 826, Lismore, New South Wales Australia, 2480 Introduction As a prelude to further work on the Chelidae of Australia, the following considerations relate to the Elseya dentata species complex. See also Wells and Wellington (1984, 1985) and Wells (2002 a, b; 2007 a, b.). Elseya Gray, 1867 1867 Elseya Gray, Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist., (3) 20: 44. – Subsequently designated type species (Lindholm 1929): Elseya dentata (Gray, 1863). Note: The genus Elseya is herein considered to comprise only those species with a very wide mandibular symphysis and a distinct median alveolar ridge on the upper jaw. All members of the latisternum complex lack a distinct median alveolar ridge on the upper jaw and so are removed from the genus Elseya (see Wells, 2007b). This now restricts the genus to the following Australian species: Elseya albagula Thomson, Georges and Limpus, 2006 2006 Elseya albagula Thomson, Georges and Limpus, Chelon. Conserv. Biol., 5: 75; figs 1-2, 4 (top), 5a,6a, 7. – Type locality: Ned Churchwood Weir (25°03'S 152°05'E), Burnett River, Queensland, Australia. Elseya dentata (Gray, 1863) 1863 Chelymys dentata Gray, Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist., (3) 12: 98. – Type locality: Beagle’s Valley, upper Victoria River, Northern Territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Dam Threat to a Decade of Restoration of the Mary River, Queensland
    Dam threat to a decade of restoration of the Mary River, Queensland Glenda Pickersgill1, Steve Burgess2 and Brad Wedlock3 1 Save the Mary River Coordinating Group. Web: www.savethemaryriver.com 2 Gympie and District Landcare Group. Web: www.gympielandcare.org.au 3 Mary River Catchment Coordinating Committee (MRCCC). Web: www.wb2020.qld.gov.au/icm/mrccc/main.htm Abstract The banks of the Mary River and its tributaries were once covered with rainforest species that protected the banks from erosion during floods. However these streams have generally become wider and shallower as a result of clearing, with many banks actively eroding, destroying valuable ecosystems and river flats in the process. The Mary Catchment has been identified in studies as an aquatic biodiversity hotspot and contains a number of endemic endangered species. Over the past decade, millions of dollars in government funding for river restoration has helped landholders and other interested community members to establish programs for restoration of the Mary River catchment. In 2004, the Mary River community was awarded the coveted National Rivercare Award. Now legislative and policy changes empowering the State Government and water corporations to capture, store and transfer large quantities of water out of the catchment into the proposed South East Queensland water grid, place these successful restoration activities and the community that has participated since 1995 at risk. This paper describes restoration works conducted in the Mary Catchment, and outlines the present and future impacts of the Traveston Crossing Dam proposal on the catchment, the restoration projects and communities. Keywords Traveston Crossing, endangered species, Ramsar wetlands Introduction South East Queensland is one of the fastest growing areas in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Zones of Queensland
    P.R. Wilson and P.M. Taylor§, Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts. © The State of Queensland (Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts) 2012. Copyright inquiries should be addressed to <[email protected]> or the Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, 111 George Street, Brisbane QLD 4000. Disclaimer This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy. If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3224 8412. This publication can be made available in an alternative format (e.g. large print or audiotape) on request for people with vision impairment; phone +61 7 3224 8412 or email <[email protected]>. ISBN: 978-1-920928-21-6 Citation This work may be cited as: Wilson, P.R. and Taylor, P.M. (2012) Land Zones of Queensland. Queensland Herbarium, Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Brisbane. 79 pp. Front Cover: Design by Will Smith Images – clockwise from top left: ancient sandstone formation in the Lawn Hill area of the North West Highlands bioregion – land zone 10 (D.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning for Stronger More Resilient Floodplains
    Queensland Reconstruction Authority Planning for stronger, more resilient floodplains Part 1 – Interim measures to support floodplain management in existing planning schemes The scale and scope of the weather events which affected Queensland in 2010/2011 meant that to plan and build stronger, more resilient communities into the future, Councils need better information to make informed decisions about how and where we build. To assist Queensland’s Councils, the Queensland Reconstruction Authority (the Authority) has undertaken the largest floodplain mapping exercise in the State’s history. The maps contained in the toolkit - Planning for stronger, more resilient floodplains are drawn from evidence of past flooding, including soils, topography and satellite imagery. They are informed by the 2010/2011 summer disasters but do not represent the actual flood line for that period. Why? Because while the whole of Queensland was affected last summer, we know there have been larger floods in some areas in the past. What the maps do show are areas where inundation has previously occurred or may occur. At the conclusion of this mapping exercise, floodplain mapping will be available for the whole of Queensland. The State’s river systems do not stop at local government boundaries and so for the first time, these floodplain maps have been developed on a sub-basin wide basis. And with them, comes the opportunity for Councils to adopt the floodplain maps and supporting development controls into existing planning schemes. This Guideline provides Councils - especially those who lack the resourcing capacity to undertake detailed studies - with a ready- made toolkit to help assess future development applications and the opportunity to better align floodplain management and land use planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Weather and Flood Events
    1.Summary.of.weather. and.flood.events What follows is an overview of the weather events leading up to and during the 2010/2011 floods with a summary of their effects across the state. It is not intended as an exhaustive account. 1.1.Summary.of.weather.leading.to. 1 2010/2011.flood.events The Queensland wet season extends from October to April, with the initial monsoonal onset usually occurring in late December. The 2010/2011 wet season was different. In June 2010 the Australian Bureau of Meteorology warned that a La Niña event was likely to occur before the end of the year.1 The La Niña change has historically brought above average rainfall to most of Australia and an increased risk of tropical cyclone events for northern Australia. Previous La Niña effects had been associated with flooding in eastern Australia, including the large scale and devastating floods which occurred in 1955 and 1973/1974.2 As predicted, a strong La Niña event took place in the Pacific Ocean in late 2010. La Niñas are often described in terms of a positive Southern Oscillation Index, which represents the normalised pressure difference between Darwin and Tahiti and gives a positive reading when pressures are high in Tahiti and low in Darwin.3 The index ranges from about -35 to +35.4 During December 2010 the Southern Oscillation Index was +27.1, representing the highest December value on record and the highest monthly value since 1973.5 In turn, Australia experienced an extremely strong La Niña during the end of 2010 and beginning of 2011; the second strongest
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Risk Management in Australia Building Flood Resilience in a Changing Climate
    Flood Risk Management in Australia Building flood resilience in a changing climate December 2020 Flood Risk Management in Australia Building flood resilience in a changing climate Neil Dufty, Molino Stewart Pty Ltd Andrew Dyer, IAG Maryam Golnaraghi (lead investigator of the flood risk management report series and coordinating author), The Geneva Association Flood Risk Management in Australia 1 The Geneva Association The Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurance companies; our members are insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conducted in collaboration with our members, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is to identify and investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future, highlighting what is at stake for the industry; develop recommendations for the industry and for policymakers; provide a platform to our members, policymakers, academics, multilateral and non-governmental organisations to discuss these trends and recommendations; reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisations to highlight the positive contributions of insurance to better understanding risks and to building resilient and prosperous economies and societies, and thus a more sustainable world. The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics Talstrasse 70, CH-8001 Zurich Email: [email protected] | Tel: +41 44 200 49 00 | Fax: +41 44 200 49 99 Photo credits: Cover page—Markus Gebauer / Shutterstock.com December 2020 Flood Risk Management in Australia © The Geneva Association Published by The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics, Zurich. 2 www.genevaassociation.org Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Visitor Information Bunya Mountains National Park
    Visitor information National Park Bunya Mountains National Park Mountains Bunya was declared in 1908 and is Queensland's second oldest national park. For generations, people have gathered at the Bunya Mountains (Booburrgan Ngmmun) — where rainforest-clad peaks rising 500m above the plains shelter the world's largest stand of ancient bunya pines. Traditional Custodians from south-east Queensland and northern New South Wales gathered together for celebrations coinciding with heavy crops of bunya nuts. Today visitors picnic, camp, walk or relax in the cool climate of this isolated section of the Great Diving Range. Wildlife refuge Brilliantly coloured king parrots and crimson rosellas are sure to be seen on in the mountains your visit, as are red-necked wallabies With peaks reaching 1135m, moist feeding in grassy areas. Look carefully gullies and a variety of vegetation and you might also see satin bowerbirds, types, the Bunya Mountains has green catbirds and the huge tadpoles of sheltered and geographically isolated great barred-frogs. habitats in which a diversity of plants and animals thrive — including over Of the many animals that become active 30 rare and threatened species. at night, the Bunya Mountains ringtail possum is the only one you will not see Bunya pines Araucaria bidwillii anywhere else in the world. tower over tall moist rainforest along the range crest, while hoop pines Places to picnic and camp Araucaria cunninghamii dominate dry The park has three visitor areas — rainforest on lower slopes. Natural Dandabah, Westcott and Burton's Well. grassland "balds" containing rare All have toilets and picnic tables. Tracks across the mountains grass species are scattered across Enjoy weaving in and out of grasslands, the mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Water Network Review Final Report
    Surface Water Network Review Final Report 16 July 2018 This publication has been compiled by Operations Support - Water, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. © State of Queensland, 2018 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. Under this licence you are free, without having to seek our permission, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The Queensland Government shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information. Interpreter statement: The Queensland Government is committed to providing accessible services to Queenslanders from all culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. If you have difficulty in understanding this document, you can contact us within Australia on 13QGOV (13 74 68) and we will arrange an interpreter to effectively communicate the report to you. Surface
    [Show full text]