Top 25 Excluded Compounded Drugs* and Commercially Available Alternatives

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Top 25 Excluded Compounded Drugs* and Commercially Available Alternatives Top 25 Excluded Compounded Drugs* and Commercially Available Alternatives Compound Ingredient Indication Commercially Available Alternative BACLOFEN POWDER Topical pain baclofen oral tablet, solution for intrathecal injection BUPIVACAINE HCL Topical pain bupivacaine solution for injection POWDER CYCLOBENZAPRINE HCL cyclobenzaprine tablets, extended-release capsules, tablet in combo pack POWDER Topical pain with topical gel containing capsicum, menthol and other ingredients (Comfort Pac with cyclobenzaprine tablet) DICLOFENAC SODIUM Topical pain diclofenac tablets (extended-release, delayed-release), 1.5% topical solution, POWDER 0.1% ophthalmic solution, 3% topical gel ETHOXY DIGLYCOL LIQUID Solvent solvent for compounding FLURBIPROFEN POWDER Topical pain flurbiprofen oral tablets, ophthalmic solution FLUTICASONE fluticasone propionate 0.05% topical cream and lotion; PROPIONATE POWDER Topical pain fluticasone propionate 0.005% topical ointment GABAPENTIN POWDER Topical pain gabapentin capsules, tablets and oral solution KETAMINE HCL POWDER Topical pain ketamine solution for injection KETOPROFEN Topical pain ketoprofen capsules and extended-release capsules MICRONIZED POWDER LEVOCETIRIZINE Scar gel levocetirizine tablets, oral solution DIHYDROCHL POWDER LIPODERM BASE Vehicle (base) vehicle base for compounding LIPO-MAX CREAM Vehicle (base) vehicle base for compounding LIPOPEN PLUS CREAM Vehicle (base) vehicle base for compounding LIPOPEN ULTRA CREAM Vehicle (base) vehicle base for compounding BASE MELOXICAM POWDER Topical pain meloxicam oral tablet, oral suspension, tablet in combo pack with topical gel containing capsicum, menthol and other ingredients (Comfort Pac with meloxicam tablet) MOMETASONE FUROATE Topical pain mometasone furoate 0.1% topical cream, lotion and ointment POWDER NABUMETONE Topical pain nabumetone tablets MICRONIZED POWDER PRACASIL TM-PLUS GEL Vehicle (base) vehicle base for compounding PRILOCAINE HCL POWDER Topical pain Citanest Plain 4% dental solution for injection (dental solution also available with epinephrine), lidocaine prilocaine 2.5% -2.5% cream RESVERATROL Anti- dietary supplement available in over-the-counter (OTC) formulations; not an Inflammatory approved drug SPIRA-WASH GEL Vehicle (base) vehicle base for compounding TRAMADOL HCL POWDER Topical pain Tramadol tablets, extended-release tablets, and in combination with acetaminophen VERSAPRO CREAM BASE Vehicle (base) vehicle base for compounding VERSATILE CREAM BASE Vehicle (base) vehicle base for compounding *The FDA defines a compounded drug as one that requires a licensed pharmacist to combine, mix or alter the ingredients of a medication when filling a prescription. Compounded drugs, unlike FDA-approved medications, often lack the rigorous clinical studies to validate safety and effectiveness. .
Recommended publications
  • Using Rheology Measurement As a Potentially Predictive Tool for Solder Paste Transfer Efficiency and Print Volume Consistency
    USING RHEOLOGY MEASUREMENT AS A POTENTIALLY PREDICTIVE TOOL FOR SOLDER PASTE TRANSFER EFFICIENCY AND PRINT VOLUME CONSISTENCY Mitch Holtzer, Karen Tellefsen and Westin Bent Alpha Assembly Solutions South Plainfield, NJ, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT Commercially available solder pastes use an upper and Industry standards such as J-STD-005 and JIS Z 3284-1994 lower limit for viscosity. Generally, this viscosity is call for the use of viscosity measurement(s) as a quality measured at one shear rate, typically the shear associated assurance test method for solder paste. Almost all solder with a spiral viscometer rotating at 10 revolutions per paste produced and sold use a viscosity range at a single minute (RPM). If the powder contained in solder paste is shear rate as part of the pass fail criteria for shipment and dissolved by the acid activator in the solder paste flux, the customer acceptance respectively. viscosity of the solder paste will quickly increase. If the viscosity increases more than 20 to 30% above the upper As had been reported many times, an estimated 80% of the limit of the specification, poor printing results will be highly defects associated with the surface mount technology likely. The solder paste will not roll evenly over the stencil process involve defects created during the printing process. and apertures in the stencil will remain unfilled, causing Viscosity at a single shear rate could predict a fatal flaw in skips in the paste printing pattern. the printability of a solder paste sample. However, false positive single shear rate viscosity readings are not The purpose of the study was to determine if there is a unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Orally Inhaled & Nasal Drug Products
    ORALLY INHALED & NASAL DRUG PRODUCTS: INNOVATIONS FROM MAJOR DELIVERY SYSTEM DEVELOPERS www.ondrugdelivery.com 00349_GF_OnDrugDelivery349_GF_OnDrugDelivery PulmonaryPulmonary NasalNasal NovemberNovember 2010.indd2010.indd 1 330/11/100/11/10 111:32:331:32:33 “Orally Inhaled & Nasal Drug Products: Innovations from Major Delivery CONTENTS System Developers” This edition is one in the ONdrugDelivery series of pub- Innovation in Drug Delivery by Inhalation lications from Frederick Furness Publishing. Each issue focuses on a specific topic within the field of drug deliv- Andrea Leone-Bay, Vice-President, Pharmaceutical ery, and is supported by industry leaders in that field. Development, Dr Robert Baughman, Vice-President, Clinical Pharmacology & Bioanalytics, Mr Chad EDITORIAL CALENDAR 2011: Smutney, Senior Director, Device Technology, February: Prefilled Syringes Mr Joseph Kocinsky, Senior Vice-President, March: Oral Drug Delivery & Advanced Excipients Pharmaceutical Technology Development April: Pulmonary & Nasal Drug Delivery (OINDP) MannKind Corporation 4-7 May: Injectable Drug Delivery (Devices Focus) June: Injectable Drug Delivery (Formulations Focus) Current Innovations in Dry Powder Inhalers September: Prefilled Syringes Richard Sitz, Technical Manager, DPI Technology October: Oral Drug Delivery Platform Leader November: Pulmonary & Nasal Drug Delivery (OINDP) 3M Drug Delivery Systems 10-12 December: Delivering Biologics (Proteins, Peptides & Nucleotides) Pulmonary Delivery & Dry-Powder Inhalers: SUBSCRIPTIONS: Advances in Hard-Capsule
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Fast Dissolving Oral Thin Film Drug Delivery Systems: a Review
    Muthadi Radhika Reddy /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 12(7), 2020, 925-940 An Introduction to Fast Dissolving Oral Thin Film Drug Delivery Systems: A Review Muthadi Radhika Reddy1* 1School of pharmacy, Gurunanak Institute of Technical Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India and Department of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management University, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India INTRODUCTION 2. Useful in situations where rapid onset of action Fast dissolving drug delivery systems were first developed required such as in motion sickness, allergic attack, in the late 1970s as an alternative to conventional dosage coughing or asthma forms. These systems consist of solid dosage forms that 3. Has wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, Rx disintegrate and dissolve quickly in the oral cavity without Prescriptions and OTC medications for treating pain, the need of water [1]. Fast dissolving drug delivery cough/cold, gastro-esophageal reflux disease,erectile systems include orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) and dysfunction, sleep disorders, dietary supplements, etc oral thin films (OTFs). The Centre for Drug Evaluation [4] and Research (CDER) defines ODTs as,“a solid dosage 4. No water is required for the administration and hence form containing medicinal substances which disintegrates suitable during travelling rapidly, usually within a matter of seconds, when placed 5. Some drugs are absorbed from the mouth, pharynx upon the tongue” [2]. USFDA defines OTFs as, “a thin, and esophagus as the saliva passes down into the flexible, non-friable polymeric film strip containing one or stomach, enhancing bioavailability of drugs more dispersed active pharmaceutical ingredients which is 6. May offer improved bioavailability for poorly water intended to be placed on the tongue for rapid soluble drugs by offering large surface area as it disintegration or dissolution in the saliva prior to disintegrates and dissolves rapidly swallowing for delivery into the gastrointestinal tract” [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Excluded Drug List
    Excluded Drug List The following drugs are excluded from coverage as they are not approved by the FDA ACTIVE-PREP KIT I (FLURBIPROFEN-CYCLOBENZAPRINE CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ­ ACTIVE-PREP KIT II (KETOPROFEN-BACLOFEN-GABAPENTIN CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ­ ACTIVE-PREP KIT III (KETOPROFEN-LIDOCAINE-GABAPENTIN CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ­ ACTIVE-PREP KIT IV (TRAMADOL-GABAPENTIN-MENTHOL-CAMPHOR CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ­ ACTIVE-PREP KIT V (ITRACONAZOLE-PHENYTOIN SODIUM CREAM CMPD KIT) ­ ADAZIN CREAM (BENZO-CAPSAICIN-LIDO-METHYL SALICYLATE CRE) ­ AFLEXERYL-LC PAD (LIDOCAINE-MENTHOL PATCH) ­ AFLEXERYL-MC PAD (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL TOPICAL PATCH) ­ AIF #2 DRUG PREPERATION KIT (FLURBIPROFEN-GABAPENT-CYCLOBEN-LIDO-DEXAMETH CREAM COMPOUND KIT) ­ AGONEAZE (LIDOCAINE-PRILOCAINE KIT) ­ ALCORTIN A (IODOQUINOL-HYDROCORTISONE-ALOE POLYSACCHARIDE GEL) ­ ALEGENIX MIS (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL DISK) ­ ALIVIO PAD (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL PATCH) ­ ALODOX CONVENIENCE KIT (DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE TAB 20 MG W/ EYELID CLEANSERS KIT) ­ ANACAINE OINT (BENZOCAINE OINT) ­ ANODYNZ MIS (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL DISK) ­ APPFORMIN/D (METFORMIN & DIETARY MANAGEMENT CAP PACK) ­ AQUORAL (ARTIFICIAL SALIVA - AERO SOLN) ­ ATENDIA PAD (LIDOCAINE-MENTHOL PATCH) ­ ATOPICLAIR CRE (DERMATOLOGICAL PRODUCTS MISC – CREAM) ­ Page 1 of 9 Updated JANUARY 2017 Excluded Drug List AURSTAT GEL/CRE (DERMATOLOGICAL PRODUCTS MISC) ­ AVALIN-RX PAD (LIDOCAINE-MENTHOL PATCH) ­ AVENOVA SPRAY (EYELID CLEANSER-LIQUID) ­ BENSAL HP (SALICYLIC ACID & BENZOIC ACID OINT) ­ CAMPHOMEX SPRAY (CAMPHOR-HISTAMINE-MENTHOL LIQD SPRAY) ­ CAPSIDERM PAD (CAPSAICIN-MENTHOL
    [Show full text]
  • Mometasone Powder Rationale for Inclusion In
    MOMETASONE POWDER RATIONALE FOR INCLUSION IN PA PROGRAM Background Mometasone is a corticosteroid demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory activity able to decrease inflammation through a mechanism of action that is not known. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2, which leads to the inhibition of a common precursor for potent inflammatory mediators. Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption (1). Mometasone is commercially available in the following dosage forms: topical cream, topical lotion, topical ointment, nasal spray and as a powder for inhalation. Regulatory Status FDA approved topical indication: Mometasone is a corticosteroid indicated for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients 2 years of age and older (1). The safety and efficacy of mometasone have not been established in pediatric patients below 2 years of age (1). Summary Topical steroids have anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Mometasone is FDA-approved for inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid- responsive dermatoses in patients 2 years of age and older. The safety and efficacy of mometasone have not been established in pediatric patients below 2 years of age (1). Mometasone is commercially available in the following dosage forms: topical cream, topical lotion, topical ointment, nasal spray and as powder for inhalation. Mometasone powder may be considered medically necessary in a topical formulation for patients 2 years of age or older for the treatment of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Mometasone powder may be considered investigational in a topical formulation for patients Mometasone Powder FEP Clinical Rationale MOMETASONE POWDER under the age of 2 years, or in patients without a diagnosis of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
    [Show full text]
  • SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE, USP Cation-Exchange Resin
    Kayexalate® SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE, USP Cation-Exchange Resin DESCRIPTION Kayexalate, brand of sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a benzene, diethenyl-polymer, with ethenylbenzene, sulfonated, sodium salt and has the following structural formula: The drug is a cream to light brown finely ground, powdered form of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, a cation-exchange resin prepared in the sodium phase with an in vitro exchange capacity of approximately 3.1 mEq (in vivo approximately 1 mEq) of potassium per gram. The sodium content is approximately 100 mg (4.1 mEq) per gram of the drug. It can be administered orally or in an enema. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY As the resin passes along the intestine or is retained in the colon after administration by enema, the sodium ions are partially released and are replaced by potassium ions. For the most part, this action occurs in the large intestine, which excretes potassium ions to a greater degree than does the small intestine. The efficiency of this process is limited and unpredictably variable. It commonly approximates the order of 33 percent but the range is so large that definitive indices of electrolyte balance must be clearly monitored. Metabolic data are unavailable. INDICATION AND USAGE Kayexalate is indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia. CONTRAINDICATIONS Kayexalate is contraindicated in the following conditions: patients with hypokalemia, patients with a history of hypersensitivity to polystyrene sulfonate resins, obstructive bowel disease, neonates with reduced gut motility (postoperatively or drug induced) and oral administration in neonates (see PRECAUTIONS). WARNINGS Intestinal Necrosis: Cases of intestinal necrosis, which may be fatal, and other serious gastrointestinal adverse events (bleeding, ischemic colitis, perforation) have been reported in association with Kayexalate use.
    [Show full text]
  • Direct-Write Fabrication of Pb(Nb,Zr,Ti)O3 Devices: Influence of Paste Rheology on Print Morphology and Component Properties
    journal J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 84 [11] 2462–68 (2001) Direct-Write Fabrication of Pb(Nb,Zr,Ti)O3 Devices: Influence of Paste Rheology on Print Morphology and Component Properties Sherry L. Morissette*,† and Jennifer A. Lewis* Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Paul G. Clem,* Joseph Cesarano III,* and Duane B. Dimos* Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 Lead niobium zirconate titanate (PNZT) pastes with tailored required before deposition of additional layers, this direct-write rheological properties have been developed for direct-write approach yields significant advantages over the conventional fabrication of thick-film capacitor elements in highly inte- method for producing multilayer devices, such as those based on grated, multifunctional electroceramic devices. Such pastes lamination of tape-cast layers with screen-printed elements, in- exhibited pseudoplastic behavior with a low shear apparent cluding the ability to modify patterned designs on-line during .viscosity of roughly 1 ؋ 106 cP. On aging, the degree of shear printing and to incorporate multiple materials in individual layers thinning and the low shear apparent viscosity decreased. The rheological requirements of thick film pastes for micropen Pastes prepared from as-received powders attained printable, printing and screen printing are nearly identical.7–9,11–17 Hence, -steady-state viscosities of ϳ2 ؋ 105 cP after 50 days of aging. commercially available screen printing pastes (e.g., silver–palla In contrast, pastes prepared from dispersant-coated powders dium conductor, ruthenium oxide resistor, and dielectric pastes) showed no measurable rheological changes after 1 day of can be readily utilized in this direct-write approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibitory Effects of Monoterpenes on Human TRPA1 and the Structural Basis of Their Activity
    J Physiol Sci (2014) 64:47–57 DOI 10.1007/s12576-013-0289-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Inhibitory effects of monoterpenes on human TRPA1 and the structural basis of their activity Masayuki Takaishi • Kunitoshi Uchida • Fumitaka Fujita • Makoto Tominaga Received: 26 July 2013 / Accepted: 2 September 2013 / Published online: 12 October 2013 Ó The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract TRPA1, one of the transient receptor potential on these identified TRPA1 antagonists could lead to new channels, has been reported to be involved in nociception pain therapeutics. and inflammatory pain, suggesting that this molecule could be a promising target for the development of analgesic Keywords Monoterpene Á Pain relief Á TRPA1 Á agents. We screened several monoterpene analogs of Hydroxyl group camphor, which is known to inhibit human (h) TRPA1, to identify more effective naturally occurring TRPA1 antag- onists. Borneol, 2-methylisoborneol, and fenchyl alcohol Introduction exhibited higher inhibitory effects on hTRPA1 activity than either camphor or 1,8-cineole. Our results revealed Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels respond to a further that the S873, T874, and Y812 residues of hTRPA1 wide variety of sensory stimuli, including temperature, were involved in the inhibitory effects, suggesting that the nociceptive compounds, touch, osmolarity, and phero- hydroxyl group in the six-membered ring of the inhibitors mones [1–3]. TRPA1, one of the TRP channels, functions may be interacting with these amino acids. Further research as a receptor that responds to noxious cold temperatures and pungent compounds, including allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a component of mustard oil [4–8].
    [Show full text]
  • RECONSTITUTION, DOSING and ADMINISTRATION of VELCADE® (Bortezomib) 3.5 Mg Vial for Subcutaneous (SC) and Intravenous (IV) Use
    Important information regarding RECONSTITUTION, DOSING AND ADMINISTRATION of VELCADE® (bortezomib) 3.5 mg vial for Subcutaneous (SC) and Intravenous (IV) use Prescribing Information can be found within this document Important information regarding RECONSTITUTION, DOSING AND ADMINISTRATION of VELCADE® (bortezomib) 3.5 mg vial for Subcutaneous (SC) and Intravenous (IV) use CORRECT RECONSTITUTION Avoiding the potential risk FOR SC AND IV ADMINISTRATION of administration errors VELCADE® (bortezomib) 3.5 mg powder for solution for injection In order to avoid dosing errors, caution is required when preparing ® is available for intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) administration. VELCADE as the volume required for reconstitution for the SC route is lower (1.4 ml) than that used for IV route (3.5 ml) giving a higher concentration of diluted drug (details are shown in tables 1 and 2). As the drug concentration after reconstitution differs between the Subcutaneous or Intravenous use only. SC and IV preparations, special care is required when calculating the Do not give by other routes. volume of reconstituted drug, which will be delivered to the patient Intrathecal administration has resulted in death. according to the prescribed dose. Please see pages 8-10 for examples of dosing for the different routes. VELCADE® must be reconstituted by a Health Care Professional. Aseptic technique must be strictly observed throughout the handling of VELCADE® since no preservative is present. 2 3 Important information regarding RECONSTITUTION, DOSING AND ADMINISTRATION of VELCADE® (bortezomib) 3.5 mg vial for Subcutaneous (SC) and Intravenous (IV) use SUBCUTANEOUS ROUTE OF The reconstituted solution should be clear and colourless. ADMINISTRATION The reconstituted solution must be inspected visually for particulate matter and discolouration prior to administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Avoiding Medication Mayhem
    Avoiding Medication Mayhem Penny Miller, BSc.(Pharm.), M.A. Senior Instructor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Family Practice, UBC Pharmacotherapeutic Consultant, Lifemark Health Chronic pain Program Disclosure I have nothing to disclose concerning possible financial or personal relationships with commercial entities that may have a direct or indirect interest in the subject matter of this presentation. Goal: Provide the clinician with practical information to support the medication management of patients with chronic pain. Learning Objectives: At the end of this session, the clinician will demonstrate improved abilities to: 1. Describe the rationale, efficacy, benefits and risks associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, opioids, antidepressants and anticonvulsants in the treatment of chronic pain. 2. Identify appropriate combinations of medications. 3. Outline the important reasons for slow upward titrations and slow tapers off medications. 4. Discuss effective monitoring for the efficacy and side effects of drugs to meet the outcomes of increased functioning, improved sleep and reduced pain. Case of Ben 45 y.o., construction worker • Low back pain x 7 months after a fall at work • Constant throbbing ache in low back • Radiates down right buttock & thigh, at times extends to right ankle (burning, shooting, electric pain) • Pain level on good day 5/10, on bad day 8/10, average 7/10 (over past week) • Sleep 3 hours nightly interrupted 3 times. • Diagnosis: Lumbar radiculopathy (neuropathy with nerve root
    [Show full text]
  • Thymol, Menthol and Camphor from Indian Sources
    THYMOL, MENTHOL AND CAMPHOR IN INDIA : CHOPRA & MUKHERJEE 361 ' sweetmeats, in pan supari' (betel leaf) mix- Articles tures, etc. The ajowan plant has, therefore, Original been grown to a greater or lesser extent all /over India. It is particularly abundant in Bengal, Central India (Indore) and Hyderabad THYMOL, MENTHOL AND CAMPHOrf (Deccan). 7,000 to 8,000 acres of land FROM INDIAN SOURCES Nearly are under cultivation each year in the Nizam's By R. N. CHOPRA, m.a., m.d. (Cantab.) Dominions alone and similar large areas are LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, I.M.S. also stated to be under cultivation in the and the United Provinces. i and Punjab Large quantities also find their way into India through B. m.b. MUKHERJEE, (Cal.) the inland routes from Afghanistan, Baluchistan Indigenous Drugs Enquiry, I. R. F. A., Series No. 35 and Persia. It can in fact be grown in any of the Indian Peninsula and the (From the Department of Pharmacology, School of part country Tropical Medicine, Calcutta) has possibilities of being a rich source of raw material for the of Indeed Thymol, menthol and camphor are well production thymol. this source has been the known in the materia medica of western already exploited by manufacturers as will be seen from the medicine as well as in that of the foreign indigenous of seeds from India between medicine in India. Thymol has been considered quantities exported 1911 and 1918 :? important on account of its powerful antiseptic, Value of germicidal and anthelmintic properties. One T otal the quantity seed of its chief uses in recent years has been in the in cwts.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining Non-Cigarette Tobacco, Alcohol, and Substance Use
    Cohn et al. Tobacco Induced Diseases (2017) 15:5 DOI 10.1186/s12971-017-0111-5 RESEARCH Open Access Determining non-cigarette tobacco, alcohol, and substance use typologies across menthol and non-menthol smokers using latent class analysis Amy Cohn1,2*, Amanda Johnson1,JenniferPearson1,3, Shyanika Rose1, Sarah Ehlke1, Ollie Ganz1 and Raymond Niaura1,3 Abstract Background: Substance use and mental health are robustly associated with smoking and poor cessation outcomes, but not often examined in combination with menthol cigarette smoking, which is also associated with lower quit rates. This study identified classes of Black and White menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers based on demographics, alcohol, drug, and other tobacco use behaviors. Methods: Using screening data from two studies, latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to classify n = 1177 menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers on demographic characteristics, heavy smoking, alcohol and drug use, desire to quit smoking, other tobacco product use, and use of psychotropic medication. Results: Three latent classes were identified that differentiated smokers on substance use, menthol cigarette smoking, and other tobacco use behavior. One class consisted primarily of young adults who used a wide array of other tobacco products, reported the highest prevalence of other drug use, and showed the lowest desire to quit smoking cigarettes in the next 6-months. Class 2 comprised primarily of Black male menthol smokers, all of whom used cigarillos in addition to cigarettes, and who displayed moderate drug use. The third class was categorized as primarily older cigarette smokers, who engaged in very little other tobacco use or drug use, but who were most likely to self-report being prescribed psychotropic medication.
    [Show full text]