Chromatography Including Electrophoresis and Other Separation Methods
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Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis by Autophagy
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Chemistry Dissertations Department of Chemistry 12-16-2020 Regulation Of Cardiovascular Homeostasis By Autophagy Jing Mu Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss Recommended Citation Mu, Jing, "Regulation Of Cardiovascular Homeostasis By Autophagy." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2020. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/190 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Chemistry at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REGULATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS BY AUTOPHAGY by JING MU Under the Direction of Ming-hui Zou, MD/PhD ABSTRACT Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a fundamental cellular process that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components. It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. Mitophagy refers to the selective removal of damaged mitochondria via autophagy pathway. In addition to utilizing core autophagic machinery components, mitophagy exploits a variety of molecules, such as PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1) and Parkin, to identify and eliminate damaged or superfluous mitochondria. Dysregulation of autophagy and mitophagy contributes to a variety of human disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major component of the vascular media, and are vital for maintaining vessel homeostasis. Migration of VSMCs from the media to intima occurs during the development of atherosclerosis. Although alterations in autophagy activity have been reported in atherosclerosis, further investigation is required to delineate the mechanism by which autophagy regulates microtubule stability and cell migration. -
Pain Management After Elective Shoulder Surgery: a Randomized Quantitative Study Comparing Hydromorphone with Piritramide
Case Report J Anest & Inten Care Med Volume 9 Issue 4 - October 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Hermann Prossinger DOI: 10.19080/JAICM.2019.09.555768 Pain Management After Elective Shoulder Surgery: A Randomized Quantitative Study Comparing Hydromorphone With Piritramide Boesmueller S1, Gerstorfer I1, Steiner M1, Prossinger H2*, Fialka C1 and Steltzer H1, 3 1AUVA Meidling, Austria 2Department for Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria 3Sigmund Freud University, Austria Submission: September 25, 2019; Published: October 11, 2019 *Corresponding author: Hermann Prossinger, Department for Evolutionary Anthropology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Abstract Background: Postoperative pain management plays an important role in elective shoulder surgery. Several methods have been investigated so far. The aim of this randomized quantitative study is to compare two frequently used postoperative pain regimes (hydromorphone versus piritramide) regarding onset and duration after the effectiveness of the single-shot interscalene block has diminished. Methods: All patients who underwent elective shoulder surgery at our institution agreed to participate in this study. Upon admission patients were assigned membership to group A (hydromorphone) or group B (piritramide) according to the patient number (which ensured randomization). Pain assessment was performed using the numeric rating scale (NRS). For statistical analyses the techniques of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation were used. Results: Of the 48 patients aged 18–89 years included in this study, 25 were in group A and 23 in group B. Of these 48, 21 in each group registered pain levels above threshold at least once. Shoulder surgery was performed 45 times in an arthroscopic and 3 times in an open technique. -
Evidence Review F: Opioids for Pain Relief After Caesarean Birth
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence FINAL Caesarean birth [F] Opioids for pain relief after caesarean birth NICE guideline NG192 Evidence review March 2021 Final This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Alliance which is a part of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists FINAL Contents Disclaimer The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian. Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties. NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the Welsh Government, Scottish Government, and Northern Ireland Executive. -
Dissertation Kokes M
Mechanisms of Chlamydia Manipulation of Host Cell Biology Revealed Through Genetic Approaches by Marcela Kokes Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Raphael H. Valdivia, Supervisor ___________________________ Daniel J. Lew ___________________________ Jörn Coers ___________________________ Patrick C. Seed Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 i v ABSTRACT Mechanisms of Chlamydia Manipulation of Host Cell Biology Revealed Through Genetic Approaches by Marcela Kokes Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Raphael H. Valdivia, Supervisor ___________________________ Daniel J. Lew ___________________________ Jörn Coers ___________________________ Patrick C. Seed An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 Copyright by Marcela Kokes 2015 i v Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen and is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Chlamydia is particularly intriguing from the perspective of cell biology because it is an obligate intracellular pathogen that manipulates host cellular pathways to ensure its proliferation and survival. This is achieved through a significant remodeling of the host cell’s internal architecture from within a membrane-bound vacuole, termed the inclusion. However, given a previous lack of tools to perform genetic analysis, the mechanisms by which Chlamydia induces host cellular changes remained unclear. -
7.5 Mg/Ml Solution for Injection Piritramide Read All of This Leafle
PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER Piritramide [MAH] 7.5 mg/ml solution for injection Piritramide Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains important information for you. - Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. - If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. - If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. What is in this leaflet: 1. What Piritramide [MAH] is and what it is used for 2. What you need to know before you are given Piritramide [MAH] 3. How to use Piritramide [MAH] 4. Possible side effects 5. How to store Piritramide [MAH] 6. Contents of the pack and other information 1. WHAT PIRITRAMIDE [MAH] IS AND WHAT IT IS USED FOR Piritramide [MAH] contains the active substance piritramide. It belongs to a group of medicines called opioid analgesics (strong painkillers). Piritramide [MAH] is used to relieve severe to strongest pain. 2. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW BEFORE YOU ARE GIVEN PIRITRAMIDE [MAH] Do not use Piritramide [MAH]: - If you are allergic to piritramide or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6). - If you suffer from severely impaired consciousness from which you cannot be roused even by external stimuli. - If you have problems with breathing (respiratory depression). Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before you are given Piritramide [MAH] - If you have suffer from seizures (such as epileptic fits) - If you suffer from alcoholism - If you have head injuries - If you have an increased brain pressure - If you have an enlarged prostate (prostatic hypertrophy) - If you are in shock - If you have a severely slowed heart beat (bradycardia) or irregular heart beat (bradyarrhythmia). -
Rho Guanosine Triphosphatase Mediates the Selective Stabilization of Microtubules Induced by Lysophosphatidic Acid Tiffani A
Rho Guanosine Triphosphatase Mediates the Selective Stabilization of Microtubules Induced by Lysophosphatidic Acid Tiffani A. Cook,*‡ Takayuki Nagasaki,* and Gregg G. Gundersen*i *Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, ‡Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, and iDepartment of Pathology, Columbia University, New York Abstract. The asymmetric distribution of stable, post- MTs and, in wound-edge cells, these stable MTs were translationally modified microtubules (MTs) contrib- appropriately oriented toward the leading edge of the utes to the polarization of many cell types, yet the fac- cell. LPA had little effect on individual parameters of tors controlling the formation of these MTs are not MT dynamics, but did induce long states of pause in a known. We have found that lysophosphatidic acid subset of MTs near the edge of the cell. Rho stimula- (LPA) is a major serum factor responsible for rapidly tion of MT stability was independent of actin stress fi- Downloaded from generating stable, detyrosinated (Glu) MTs in serum- ber formation. These results identify rho as a novel reg- starved 3T3 cells. Using C3 toxin and val14 rho we ulator of the MT cytoskeleton that selectively stabilizes showed that rho was both necessary and sufficient for MTs during cell polarization by acting as a switch be- the induction of Glu MTs by LPA and serum. Unlike tween dynamic and stable states of MTs rather than as previously described factors that induce MT stability, a modulator of MT assembly and disassembly. rho induced the stabilization of only a subset of the jcb.rupress.org n many cells there are at least two populations of mi- et al., 1984, 1987; Gundersen and Bulinski, 1986; Webster crotubules (MTs)1 distinguishable by their rates of et al., 1987; Kreis, 1987) and/or acetylated tubulin (Pip- on November 19, 2017 I turnover. -
Microtubule Acetylation but Not Detyrosination Promotes Focal
© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Cell Science (2019) 132, jcs225805. doi:10.1242/jcs.225805 SHORT REPORT Microtubule acetylation but not detyrosination promotes focal adhesion dynamics and astrocyte migration Bertille Bance1,2,*, Shailaja Seetharaman1,3,*, Cécile Leduc1, Batiste Boëda1 and Sandrine Etienne-Manneville1,‡ ABSTRACT Kaverina et al., 2002; Palazzo et al., 2004; Ezratty et al., 2009; Microtubules play a crucial role in mesenchymal migration by Stehbens et al., 2014). The polarized regulation of integrin-based controlling cell polarity and the turnover of cell adhesive structures on structures implies that the functions of microtubules must be the extracellular matrix. The polarized functions of microtubules imply controlled in a polarized manner. that microtubules are locally regulated. Here, we investigated the Several mechanisms, including MAP interactions and post- α β regulation and role of two major tubulin post-translational modifications, translational modifications of -and -tubulin (Janke, 2014; Song acetylation and detyrosination, which have been associated with stable and Brady, 2015; Etienne-Manneville, 2010; Strzyz, 2016; Aillaud microtubules. Using primary astrocytes in a wound healing assay, we et al., 2016), affect microtubule dynamics or microtubule association show that these tubulin modifications are independently regulated with protein partners (Janke, 2014; Raunser and Gatsogiannis, 2015; α during cell polarization and differently affect cell migration. In contrast to Yu et al., 2015; Song and Brady, 2015). TAT1 [also known as microtubule detyrosination, αTAT1 (ATAT1)-mediated microtubule ATAT1, and as Mec-17 in Caenorhabditis elegans (Akella et al., acetylation increases in the vicinity of focal adhesions and promotes 2010)] is the major tubulin acetyltransferase in mammals. -
Narcotic Drugs Stupefiants Estupefacientes
E/INCB/1993/21Supp.6 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD - VIENNA SUPPLEMENT No. 6 TO NARCOTIC DRUGS ESTIMATED WORLD REQUIREMENTS FOR 1994 STATISTICS FOR 1992 ESTIMATES UPDATED AS OF 30 JUNE 1994 ORGANE INTERNATIONAL DE CONTROLE DES STUPEFIANTS - VIENNE SUPPLEMENT N° 6 A r STUPEFIANTS EVALUATIONS DES BESOINS DU MONDE POUR 1994 STATISTIQUES POUR 1992 EVALUATIONS A JOUR AU 30 JUlN 1994 JUNTA INTERNACIONAL DE FISCALlZACION DE ESTUPEFACIENTES - VIENA SUPLEMENTO N.o 6 A ESTUPEFACIENTES PREVISIONES DE LAS NECESIDADES MUNDIALES PARA 1994 ESTADfsTICAS PARA 1992 PREVISIONES ACTUALlZADAS AL 30 DE JUNIO DE 1994 ~If..~~ ~ ~-tR UNITED NATIONS - NATIONS UNIES - NACIONES UNIDAS 1994 The updating of Table A is carried out by means of 12 monthly supplements. In order to facilitate the task of the exporting countries, the 12 supplements now report all the totals of the estimates and not only the amended data. In this way, each supplement cancels and replaces the published table in its entirety. In order to accelerate the transmission of the supplements to the competent national authorities, the 12 supplements will appear in English. Reading of these 12 supplements in French and Spanish may be facilitated by consulting the indexes of countries and territories and of narcotic drugs appearing in the annual publication. La mise El jour du tableau A s'effectue au moyen de douze supplements mensuels. Afin de faciliter la tache des pays exportateurs, les douze supplements contiennent tous les totaux des evaluations et non pas seulement les chiffres qui ont ete modifies. De celte maniere, chaque supplement annule et remplace entierement le tableau publie. -
The Tubulin Code and Its Role in Controlling Microtubule Properties and Functions
REVIEWS The tubulin code and its role in controlling microtubule properties and functions Carsten Janke 1,2 ✉ and Maria M. Magiera 1,2 ✉ Abstract | Microtubules are core components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton with essential roles in cell division, shaping, motility and intracellular transport. Despite their functional heterogeneity , microtubules have a highly conserved structure made from almost identical molecular building blocks: the tubulin proteins. Alternative tubulin isotypes and a variety of post- translational modifications control the properties and functions of the microtubule cytoskeleton, a concept known as the ‘tubulin code’. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular components of the tubulin code and how they impact microtubule properties and functions. We discuss how tubulin isotypes and post-translational modifications control microtubule behaviour at the molecular level and how this translates into physiological functions at the cellular and organism levels. We then go on to show how fine-tuning of microtubule function by some tubulin modifications can affect homeostasis and how perturbation of this fine- tuning can lead to a range of dysfunctions, many of which are linked to human disease. 20 Axonemes Microtubules are cytoskeletal filaments with an outer cellular structures . Other MAPs bind to the micro- A tubular structure built from diameter of approximately 25 nm, and are composed of tubule lattice along its entire length and are thus con- microtubules and associated heterodimers of globular α- tubulin and β- tubulin mol- sidered to regulate microtubule dynamics and stability, proteins at the core of all ecules. As they are hollow cylinders, microtubules are but might also have additional roles that in many cases eukaryotic cilia and flagella. -
Tramadol: a Review of Its Use in Perioperative Pain
Drugs 2000 Jul; 60 (1): 139-176 ADIS DRUG EVA L U AT I O N 0012-6667/00/0007-0139/$25.00/0 © Adis International Limited. All rights reserved. Tramadol A Review of its Use in Perioperative Pain Lesley J. Scott and Caroline M. Perry Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand Various sections of the manuscript reviewed by: S.R. Abel, Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; S.S. Bloomfield, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; J.E. Caldwell, Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; K.A. Lehmann, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; L. Radbruch, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; K. Szymanski, Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; P. Tarkkila, Department of Anaesthesia, Helsinki University Centre Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; C.H. Wilder-Smith, Gastrointestinal Unit and Nociception Research Group, Berne, Switzerland. Data Selection Sources: Medical literature published in any language since 1993 on tramadol, identified using AdisBase (a proprietary database of Adis International, Auckland, New Zealand) and Medline. Additional references were identified from the reference lists of published articles. Bibliographical information, including contributory unpublished data, was also requested from the company developing the drug. Search strategy: AdisBase search terms were ‘tramadol’ or ‘CG-315’ or ‘CG-315E’ or ‘U-26225A’. Medline search terms were ‘tramadol’. Searches were last updated 26 May 2000. Selection: Studies in patients with perioperative moderate to severe pain who received tramadol. Inclusion of studies was based mainly on the methods section of the trials. When available, large, well controlled trials with appropriate statistical methodology were preferred. -
Opioid Analgesics and the Gastrointestinal Tract
NUTRITION ISSUES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY, SERIES #64 Carol Rees Parrish, R.D., M.S., Series Editor Opioid Analgesics and the Gastrointestinal Tract Lingtak-Neander Chan Opioids have been used to manage pain and other ailments for centuries. The consti- pating effects of opioid analgesic agents are well known and can be used to manage severe diarrhea and control high output ostomies. Loperamide, diphenoxylate, and difenoxin are currently the only opioid-derivatives approved by the FDA for treating diarrhea. Drug-drug interactions and end organ dysfunction may exacerbate systemic side effects of these drugs. In patients who have failed to respond to these agents, other systemic opioids may be considered. The goal of therapy to control gastrointestinal secretion should be to use the lowest effective dose with minimal side effects. Careful monitoring for systemic side effects during the initiation and dose titration phase are crucial to minimize the risks associated wtih opioid use. INTRODUCTION Sumerian clay tablets inscribed in Cuneiform script he term “opioid” refers to a large group of com- about 3000 B.C. Opium was probably used as an pounds and chemicals that share the characteris- euphoriant in religious rituals by the Sumerians (1,2). Ttics of opium. Opium, from the Greek word During the Middle Ages, after opium was introduced “opos” for juice, refers to the liquid collected from the to Asia and Europe, more extensive documentation of unripe seed capsule of Papaver somniferum L., also opium use became available. It wasn’t until 1805, that known as opium poppy. Opium has been used for med- a young German apothecary named Friedrich Wilhelm icinal purposes for centuries. -
Cap-Gly Proteins at Microtubule Plus Ends: Is EB1 Detyrosination Involved?
Cap-Gly Proteins at Microtubule Plus Ends: Is EB1 Detyrosination Involved? Anouk Bosson, Jean-Marc Soleilhac, Odile Valiron, Didier Job, Annie Andrieux, Marie-Jo Moutin* Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´dicale (INSERM) U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Commissariat a` l’Energie Atomique (CEA) Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant - Groupe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette (iRTSV-GPC), Universite´ Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France Abstract Localization of CAP-Gly proteins such as CLIP170 at microtubule+ends results from their dual interaction with a-tubulin and EB1 through their C-terminal amino acids 2EEY. Detyrosination (cleavage of the terminal tyrosine) of a-tubulin by tubulin- carboxypeptidase abolishes CLIP170 binding. Can detyrosination affect EB1 and thus regulate the presence of CLIP170 at microtubule+ends as well? We developed specific antibodies to discriminate tyrosinated vs detyrosinated forms of EB1 and detected only tyrosinated EB1 in fibroblasts, astrocytes, and total brain tissue. Over-expressed EB1 was not detyrosinated in cells and chimeric EB1 with the eight C-terminal amino acids of a-tubulin was only barely detyrosinated. Our results indicate that detyrosination regulates CLIPs interaction with a-tubulin, but not with EB1. They highlight the specificity of carboxypeptidase toward tubulin. Citation: Bosson A, Soleilhac J-M, Valiron O, Job D, Andrieux A, et al. (2012) Cap-Gly Proteins at Microtubule Plus Ends: Is EB1 Detyrosination Involved? PLoS ONE 7(3): e33490. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033490 Editor: Thierry Soldati, Universite´ de Gene`ve, Switzerland Received November 18, 2011; Accepted February 15, 2012; Published March 14, 2012 Copyright: ß 2012 Bosson et al.