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Republic of Mauritius Ministry of Environment & National Republic of Mauritius Ministry of Environment & National Development Unit National Implementation Plan For The Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants June 2005 FOREWORD I would like, first of all, to thank all my colleagues Consultants for their collaboration and cooperation in the rather long process of the drafting of this National Implementation Plan (NIP). It took six months to get the 230 pages of the Draft NIP ready. My thanks also go to Mr. O. Jadoo, Chairman of the Project Steering Committee, for his support; Mr. Klaus Tyrkko, the International Coordination Consultant for the Enabling Activity Project, for his invaluable guidance; Mrs Bindu Debidour, Environment Officer, for her very kind assistance; and Mr. Aslam Yadallee, Head of the Legal Division of the Ministry of Environment, for his generous help. I would wish to offer my special thanks to Mr. Tiberman Sajiwan Ramyead, the National Project Coordinator, for his all-through backing and to Ms Umme Namdarkhan for her readiness to facilitate things. I am also grateful to Mr. Alexandre Coté, Environment Programme Officer at the UNDP, and to Mrs. Rachna Ramsurn, Economist at the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, for having brought to my attention a few critical details. All amounts/sums of money published in the document are systematically in Mauritian Rupees (MUR) and US Dollars (USD) for easiness of both local and international readers. For uniformity purposes, we have used the exchange rate of MUR 29 to USD 1 throughout the document as that was the average exchange rate over the past months. Shafick OSMAN NIP Drafting Consultant June 2005 CONTRIBUTORS TO THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Mr. Tiberman Sajiwan RAMYEAD - National Project Coordinator BSc Environmental Engineering (UK). Former Director of Environment, Ministry of Environment. Dr. Robert CHOONG - Task Manager PhD Chemistry. Senior Lecturer, University of Mauritius. Mr. Klaus TYRKKO - International Coordination Consultant MSc Chemical Engineering; MSc Environmental Studies, Environmental Law, Economics. International Priority Setting & Management Options Consultant (Finland). Dr. Romeela MOHEE - Management Options Consultant PhD Environmental Engineering. Associate Professor, University of Mauritius. Dr. Bruce GRAHAM - International Chemical Analysis Expert PhD Chemistry. International Consultant (New Zealand). Dr. Sanjeev SOBHEE - Socio-Economic Consultant PhD Economics. Associate Professor, University of Mauritius. Mr. P. OOGARAH - Pesticides POPs Sub-task Coordination Consultant Post Graduate Diploma in Land Resource Planning, Bachelor of Agriculture (Soil Science and Agronomy). Mr. Azaghan CHENGANNA - Awareness-raising Specialist French Maitrise Information and Communication Studies. Communication Consultant. Mr. Shafick OSMAN - NIP Drafting Consultant French DEA Geopolitics and Maitrise Information and Communication. PhD Candidate, Consultant. Ms Umme NAMDARKHAN - Administrative Assistant MSc Chemistry. Education Officer, Rajiv Gandhi Science Centre. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. COUNTRY BASELINE 2.1 Profile of the Republic of Mauritius 8 2.2 Institutional, Policy and Regulatory Framework 22 2.2.1 Legislative Framework & Environmental and Sustainable Development Policies. 22 2.2.2 Roles and responsibilities of institutions involved in POP life cycles. 31 2.2.3 Mauritius’ international commitments and obligations. 40 2.2.4 Existing legislation and regulations regarding POPs. 44 2.2.5 Key approaches and procedures for POPs chemical and pesticide management. 50 2.3 Assessment of the POPs issue in Mauritius 53 2.3.1 Assessment of POPs pesticides (stockpiles, contaminated sites and wastes). 53 2.3.2 Assessment of PCBs (stockpiles, contaminated sites and wastes). 59 2.3.3 Assessment of releases from unintentional POPs by-products production. 66 2.3.4 Summary of future production, use and releases of POPs. 73 2.3.5 Existing programmes for monitoring releases and impacts. 76 2.3.6 Information, communication, awareness and education. 77 2.3.7 Relevant activities of non-governmental stakeholders. 82 2.3.8 Overview of technical infrastructure for POPs assessment. 83 2.3.9 Identification of impacted populations and environments. 87 2.3.10 Designed system for assessment, regulation and listing of existing and new chemicals. 105 3. STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR MAURITIUS 3.1 Policy Statement 110 3.2 Implementation Strategy 111 3.3 Activities, Strategies and Action Plans 113 3.3.1 Institutional and regulatory strengthening measures. 113 3.3.2 Production, import and export, use, stockpiles, wastes, reduction and elimination of POPs pesticides. 120 3.3.3 Production, import and export, use, storage and disposal of PCBs and equipment containing PCBs. 125 3.3.4 Registration for specific exemptions. 131 3.3.5 Reduction of releases from unintentional production. 132 3.3.6 Strategy for identification of stockpiles, articles in use and wastes. 140 3.3.7 Management of stockpiles and disposal of articles in use and reduction of releases. 143 3.3.8 Strategy for identification of contaminated sites and remediation. 146 3.3.9 Information exchange and stakeholders’ involvement. 151 3.3.10 Public awareness, information and education. 153 3.3.11 Effectiveness evaluation and reporting. 156 3.3.12 Research, development and monitoring. 159 3.3.13 Technical and financial assistance. 170 3.4 Development and Capacity-building Proposals and Priorities 172 3.5 Timetable for Plan Implementation and Measures of Success 180 3.6 Resources Requirements 190 References 194 List of Figures and Tables 196 ANNEXURES Annex 1 Government Endorsement Document i Annex 2 Records of Stakeholders and Public Consultations ii Annex 3 Public Information Materials. xv Annex 4 Supporting Information on Chemicals xix Annex 5 Details of International and Regional Treaties to which Mauritius is Party to xx ABBREVIATIONS AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States AREU Agricultural and Research Extension Unit ARPEGE Appui régional pour la promotion de l’éducation à la gestion de l’environnement BAT Best Available Techniques BEP Best Environmental Practices CEB Central Electricity Board COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CRM Certified Reference Material CSO Central Statistics Office CWA Central Water Authority DCC Dangerous Chemicals Control (Act) DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane EPA Environment Protection Act (2002) FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation GCMS Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GNP Gross National Product ICT Information and Communication Technology IPP Independent Power Producers MACOSS Mauritius Council of Social Services MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement MOE Ministry of Environment MOH Ministry of Health MOLG Ministry of Local Government MSIRI Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute MUR Mauritian Rupee NDU National Development Unit NEL National Environmental Laboratory NGO Non-governmental Organisation NIP National Implementation Plan PAS Principal Assistant Secretary PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls PCDD/Fs Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Furans POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants ppm Parts Per Million PSC Project Steering Committee SAICM Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management SADC Southern African Development Community SIDS Small Islands Development Summit TAC Technical Advisory Committee TEQ Toxicity Equivalent UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UPOPS Unintentional POPs USD United States of America Dollar WHO World Health Organisation WMA Wastewater Management Authority WTO World Trade Organisation EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The National Implementation Plan (NIP) of the Republic of Mauritius with regard to the Enabling Activities for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is made up of two main sections: assessment of the present legislative and regulatory framework and detailed inventories of POPs in Mauritius and Rodrigues; and the action plans and strategies to manage and eliminate the inventoried POPs and the setting-up of a programme for monitoring POPs in various media. The three pieces of legislation that are related to POPs in Mauritius are the Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2002, the Dangerous Chemicals Control (DCC) Act 2004 and the Food Act 1998. The EPA 2002 provides for the setting up of POPs limits in different media, especially in water, air, residues and in the disposal of hazardous wastes. The DCC 2004 provides a quite comprehensive legal framework for the control of dangerous chemicals and it does include the 12 POPs. As for the Food Act, there are two Regulations which deal with a few of the POPs chemicals. The detailed inventory for POPs pesticides shows that the main concern is the existing stockpile of DDT (127.3 tons) though it is used only for malaria vector control. The few other POPs pesticides found are Dieldrin (8 litres), Mirex (64kg) and Aldrin (13 litres). In the case of industrial POPs, an inventory was carried out at the Central Electricity Board (CEB) where it was found and suspected that 77 transformers do contain PCBs at a level greater than 50ppm. These transformers represent a total mass of some 19 tons of oil. Regarding transformers owned by private companies and other organisations, it was found that they have all been manufactured in Europe in the 1990s and are thus PCB-free. As for the unintentional POPs by-products, results have classified the use of biomass for power/heat production
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