The Use of Neuromodulation for Symptom Management
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For European Biotech? Continued from Page 1 Around the World, Including the French Academies of Science by the Fact That the Complainants Did Not Challenge Them
Competitive Enterprise Institute - Volume 19, Number 2 - March/April 2006 Neeww EEra,ra, oror ‘‘AncienAncien RRégime,’égime,’ fforor EEuropeanuropean BBiotech?iotech? by Gregory Conko he long-awaited World Trade all remain in effect argues in favor of Organization (WTO) decision intervention by the WTO. (Ironically, Ton biotech food is due to be the current WTO Director General is released this spring, but a leaked copy none other than Pascal Lamy.) of the report has already elicited The most important victory for the considerable buzz. Most United States and its partners is the analyses score it a resounding WTO’s judgment that the EU failed to victory for the United States abide by its own regulations by “unduly and its co-complainants, and a delaying” fi nal approval of otherwise stinging defeat for European state complete applications for 25 food biotech protectionism. When it came time for products. The culprit here is the European The reality is that the decision their WTO defense, Commission’s highly politicized, two-stage is only a partial and largely symbolic however, the Europeans approval process: Each application must victory. For not achieving a more complete actually denied that a moratorium had ever fi rst be cleared for marketing by various and meaningful success, the United States, existed. Fortunately, the WTO decision scientifi c panels, and then voted on by Canada, and Argentina, which jointly fi led acknowledges the EU’s illegal practices— elected politicians. the complaint, have their own excessively and the disingenuousness of the EU’s Signifi cantly, the WTO assumed that risk-averse policies to blame. -
The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research in Primates Non-Human of Use The
The use of non-human primates in research The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatherall FRS FMedSci Report sponsored by: Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Research Council The Royal Society Wellcome Trust 10 Carlton House Terrace 20 Park Crescent 6-9 Carlton House Terrace 215 Euston Road London, SW1Y 5AH London, W1B 1AL London, SW1Y 5AG London, NW1 2BE December 2006 December Tel: +44(0)20 7969 5288 Tel: +44(0)20 7636 5422 Tel: +44(0)20 7451 2590 Tel: +44(0)20 7611 8888 Fax: +44(0)20 7969 5298 Fax: +44(0)20 7436 6179 Fax: +44(0)20 7451 2692 Fax: +44(0)20 7611 8545 Email: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Web: www.acmedsci.ac.uk Web: www.mrc.ac.uk Web: www.royalsoc.ac.uk Web: www.wellcome.ac.uk December 2006 The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatheall FRS FMedSci December 2006 Sponsors’ statement The use of non-human primates continues to be one the most contentious areas of biological and medical research. The publication of this independent report into the scientific basis for the past, current and future role of non-human primates in research is both a necessary and timely contribution to the debate. We emphasise that members of the working group have worked independently of the four sponsoring organisations. Our organisations did not provide input into the report’s content, conclusions or recommendations. -
Animal People News
European Commission votes to ban dog &cat fur B R U S S E L S ––The European Commis- sion on November 20 adopted a proposal to ban the import, export, and sale of cat and dog fur throughout the European Union. “The draft regulation will now be considered by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers for adoption by the co- decision procedure,” explained the EC Asian dog. (Kim Bartlett) announcement. “There is evidence that cat and dog fur been found not just on clothing, but also on a is being placed on the European market, usually number of personal accessories, as well as chil- dren’s soft toys.” Asian rabbits. (Kim Bartlett) undeclared as such or disguised as synthetic and other types of fur,” the EC announcement sum- “Just the idea of young children playing marized. “The vast majority of the cat and dog with toys which have been made with dog and Olympics to showcase growing fur is believed to be imported from third coun- cat fur is really something we cannot accept,” tries, notably China.” European Consumer Protection Commissioner Fifteen of the 25 EU member nations Markos Kyprianou said. Chinese animal testing industry have already individually introduced legislation “Kyprianou stopped short of calling B E I J I N G ––The 2008 Olympic Glenn Rice, chief executive of Bridge against cat and dog fur. “The proposed regula- for every product containing fur to have a label Games in Beijing will showcase the fast- Pharmaceuticals Inc., is outsourcing the tion adopted today addresses EU citizens con- detailing its exact origin,” wrote London Times growing Chinese animal testing industry, work to China, where scientists are cheap cerns, and creates a harmonized approach,” the European correspondent David Charter, the official Xinhua news agency disclosed and plentiful and animal-rights activists are EC announcement stipulated. -
Neurodevelopmental Disorders | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of M
Neurodevelopmental Disorders | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of M... http://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.978089042... Access provided courtesy of LIB OF US COURTS 7TH CIRCUIT Sign In | Register | POL Subscriptions PsychiatryOnline DSM Library Books Collections Journals News APA Guidelines Patient Education International CME My POL Anywhere Search Advanced Search Home DSM-5® DSM-5® Handbook of Differential Diagnosis DSM-5® Clinical Cases Guía de consulta del DSM-5® DSM Legacy Previous Chapter Next Chapter Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Add to My POL Email Send to Citation Mgr Neurodevelopmental Disorders © American Psychiatric Association http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01 Excerpt Full Text References Hide All Updates SECTION QUICK LINKS Intellectual Disabilities Other Specified Attention- Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Developmental Disorder) Unspecified Attention-Deficit/ Global Developmental Delay Hyperactivity Disorder Unspecified Intellectual Disability Specific Learning Disorder (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) Specific Learning Disorder Communication Disorders Motor Disorders Language Disorder Developmental Coordination Disorder Speech Sound Disorder Stereotypic Movement Disorder Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder Tic Disorders (Stuttering) Other Specified Tic Disorder Social (Pragmatic) Communication Unspecified Tic Disorder Disorder Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders Unspecified Communication Disorder -
The Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research
SYMPOSIUM ARTICLE The Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research Dario L. Ringach, PhD Abstract: Opposition to the use of animals in biomedical research rests CLAIM: HUMANS DO NOT BENEFIT FROM on diverse scientific and ethical arguments. Here I offer a response to ANIMAL RESEARCH key objections and argue that the responsible use of animals in One extreme view holds that information gathered from biomedical research with the goal of advancing medical knowledge, animal research cannot, even in principle, be used to improve science and human health, is scientifically and morally justified. My human health. It is often accompanied by catchy slogans such views are unlikely to be shared uniformly across the scientific com- as “If society funds mouse models of cancer, we will find more cures for cancer in mice.”4 It is argued that the physiology of munity. Thus, I hope this personal perspective persuades other scien- animals and humans are too different to allow results from tists, public health officials, scientific organizations and our academic animal research to be extrapolated to humans.5 leadership to join the debate and invites opponents of animal research Such a blanket statement is falsified by numerous cases to create an atmosphere where civil discourse can take place, free of where experimentation on animals has demonstrably contrib- threats and intimidation. The public deserves an open and honest debate uted to medical breakthroughs. The experiments on cardiovas- on this important topic. cular and pulmonary function in animals that began with Key Indexing Terms: Animal research; Medical research; Animal Harvey and continued with the Oxford physiologists6 estab- rights; Ethics; Public policy. -
Lives in the Balance: Utilitarianism and Animal Research
Lives in the Balance: Utilitarianism and Animal Research ROBERT BASS University of North Carolina at Pembroke [This may differ in detail from the final published version in The Ethics of Animal Research: Exploring the Controversy , MIT Press 2012] In the long history of moral theory, non-human animals – hereafter, just animals – have often been neglected entirely or have been relegated to some secondary status.1 Since its emergence in the early nineteenth century, utilitarianism has made a difference by focusing upon happiness or well-being (and their contraries) rather than upon the beings who fare well or suffer. Inevitably, that has meant that human relations to and use of other animals have appeared in a different light. Some cases have seemed easy: once admit that the interests of animals matter and there can be little hesitation in condemning their cruel treatment. Among the more difficult cases has been the bearing of utilitarianism upon the use of animals in various kinds of research where, though the animals might suffer, there were believed to be prospects of great human benefit and where no cruel or malicious motives need be involved. What I shall provide in the current paper is an extended discussion of the bearing of utilitarianism upon practices of animal research. Since such practices have attracted both utilitarian criticism and defense, this will require the examination of arguments on both sides, including consideration of the human benefits, the animal costs, and the ways which one can be weighed against the other. I. UTILITARIANISM AND ANIMAL RESEARCH: THE HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The historical connection of utilitarianism to animal research is both complex and disputed. -
Neuropsychiatry of the Basal Ganglia H a Ring, J Serra-Mestres
Downloaded from http://jnnp.bmj.com/ on February 6, 2016 - Published by group.bmj.com 12 ADVANCES IN NEUROPSYCHIATRY Neuropsychiatry of the basal ganglia H A Ring, J Serra-Mestres ............................................................................................................................. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:12–21 This review aims to relate recent findings describing the parts of the basal ganglia closest to limbic role and neural connectivity of the basal ganglia to the structures and that are involved in cognitive and behavioural functions. The term includes the clinical neuropsychiatry of basal ganglia movement nucleus accumbens.1 This structure can be di- disorders and to the role of basal ganglia disturbances vided into a central core surrounded on its medial in “psychiatric”’ states. Articles relating to the relevant and ventral sides by a shell. The core is generally similar to the rest of the caudate/putamen and it topics were initially collected through MEDLINE and is difficult to identify a distinct dorsal border papers relating to the clinical conditions discussed were between the core and the neighbouring striatum. also reviewed. The anatomy and connections of the The shell has a rich dopaminergic innervation arising from the ventral tegmental area and dense basal ganglia indicate that these structures are innervation from the basolateral complex of the important links between parts of the brain that have amygdala.2 classically been considered to be related to emotional Some authorities also include the amygdala within a consideration of the basal ganglia as it functioning and brain regions previously considered to occupies an important position between the basal have largely motor functions. The basal ganglia have a ganglia and the limbic system and may play a part role in the development and integration of psychomotor in integrating activity between these structures.3 Embryological evidence supports inclusion of the behaviours, involving motor functions, memory and amygdala. -
Life After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1281 Life after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage SVANTE WALLMARK ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6206 ISBN 978-91-554-9762-0 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-307949 2016 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Rudbecksalen, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, Friday, 13 January 2017 at 09:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Faculty of Medicine). The examination will be conducted in Swedish. Faculty examiner: Peter Appelros (Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden). Abstract Wallmark, S. 2016. Life after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1281. 97 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9762-0. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease with mean age of 59 years. SAH accounts for 5% of all stroke and more than one quarter of potential life years lost through stroke. With the advanced neurosurgical methods of today two thirds of the patients survive. We know, however, that various cognitive, psychiatric and physical impairments are common that affect quality of life, social life, and the ability to work in the aftermath of SAH. The overall aim constituting this PhD dissertation is to better understand some of the challenges often faced by those surviving SAH. Two SAH patient cohorts have been studied. The first followed 96 consecutively included patients during the first year after ictus. Spasticity and cognitive impairment was assessed after 6 months and the Swedish stroke register follow-up form was used to investigate family support and the use of medical and social services. -
ICD-11 DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Pre-Publication Draft; not for citation or distribution 1 ICD-11 DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES Neurodevelopmental Disorders Note: This document contains a pre-publication version of the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. There may be further edits to these guidelines prior to their publication. Table of Contents NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS ....................................................................... 2 6A00 Disorders of Intellectual Development ................................................................. 3 6A01 Developmental Speech or Language Disorders ................................................. 11 6A01.0 Developmental Speech Sound Disorder ............................................................. 12 6A01.1 Developmental Speech Fluency Disorder .......................................................... 15 6A01.2 Developmental Language Disorder .................................................................... 17 6A02 Autism Spectrum Disorder ................................................................................. 22 6A03 Developmental Learning Disorder ..................................................................... 32 6A04 Developmental Motor Coordination Disorder .................................................... 36 6A05 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ........................................................... 39 6A06 Stereotyped Movement Disorder ........................................................................ 46 6A0Y Other Specified Neurodevelopmental -
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Treatment Guidelines
[Downloaded free from http://www.annalsofian.org on Monday, February 06, 2012, IP: 115.113.56.227] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal S60 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: Treatment guidelines Alexander M., J. M. K. Murthy1 Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 1The Institute of Neurological Sciences, CARE Hospital, Hyderabad, India For correspondence: Dr. Alexander Mathew, Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2011;14:60-4 Introduction of intracranial space occupying lesion, with tumefactive demyelinating lesions.[ 13-17] Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic, postinfectious or postvaccineal acute infl ammatory Certain clinical presentations may be specifi c with certain demyelinating disorder of central nervous system (CNS).[1,2] The infections: cerebellar ataxia for varicella infection, myelitis pathophysiology involves transient autoimmune response for mumps, myeloradiculopathy for Semple antirabies vaccination, and explosive onset with seizures and mild directed at myelin or other self-antigens, possibly by molecular [18,19] mimicry or by nonspecifi c activation of autoreactive T-cell pyramidal dysfunction for rubella. Acute hemorrhagic clones.[3] Histologically, ADEM is characterized by perivenous leukoencephalitis and acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis of Weston Hurst represent the hyperacute, demyelination and infi ltration of vessel wall and perivascular [20] spaces by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and monocytes.[4] fulminant form of postinfectious demyelination. Diagnosis The annual incidence of ADEM is reported to be 0.4–0.8 per 100,000 and the disease more commonly affects children Cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) is abnormal in about two-thirds and young adults, probably related to the high frequency of of patients and shows a moderate pleocytosis with raised exanthematous and other infections and vaccination in this age proteins. -
Differences in Psychopathology and Behavioral Characteristics of Patients Affected by Conversion Motor Disorder and Organic Dystonia
Journal name: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Article Designation: Original Research Year: 2018 Volume: 14 Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Dovepress Running head verso: Pastore et al Running head recto: The challenging diagnosis of CMD and OD open access to scientific and medical research DOI: 151695 Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Differences in psychopathology and behavioral characteristics of patients affected by conversion motor disorder and organic dystonia Adriana Pastore Purpose: Typically, the diagnosis of conversion motor disorder (CMD) is achieved by the Grazia Pierri exclusion of a wide range of organic illnesses rather than by applying positive criteria. New Giada Fabio diagnostic criteria are highly needed in this scenario. The main aim of this study was to explore Silvia Ferramosca the use of behavioral features as an inclusion criterion for CMD, taking into account the rela- Angelo Gigante tionship of the patients with physicians, and comparing the results with those from patients Maria Superbo affected by organic dystonia (OD). Patients from the outpatient Movement Disorder Service were Roberta Pellicciari Patients and methods: assigned to either the CMD or the OD group based on Fahn and Williams criteria. Differences Francesco Margari in sociodemographics, disease history, psychopathology, and degree of satisfaction about care Department of Basic Medical Sciences, For personal use only. received were assessed. Patient–neurologist agreement about the etiological nature of the disorder Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, was also assessed using the k-statistic. A logistic regression analysis estimated the discordance Bari, Italy status as a predictor to case/control status. Results: In this study, 31 CMD and 31 OD patients were included. -
1 Articulating Animal Rights
1 Articulating Animal Rights: Activism, Networks and Anthropocentrism Eva Haifa Sarah Giraud Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 2 Abstract The thesis establishes a conversation between Donna Haraway and the work of contemporary UK animal rights groups, in order to develop their – respective – approaches to articulating animal rights issues. To analyse the tactics of these movements a conceptual framework is constructed through combining Haraway's insights with those of Bruno Latour, performative uses of actor- network theory and key concepts from Pierre Bourdieu (such as field, habitus and doxa). Through focusing on the tactics of UK animal rights groups the thesis works to recuperate certain of these practices from the criticisms Haraway levels at animal rights groups more broadly; illustrating contexts where these movements are departing from humanist rights-discourses and developing approaches more suited to the radical critique of anthropocentrism that is central to Haraway's own project. To develop a sense of the disparate approaches taken by these animal rights movements that complement Haraway's arguments, various online and offline tactics are analysed; drawing on a range of lobbying practices undertaken by movements involved in the vivisection debate (such as SPEAK and the BUAV), before focusing on more creative forms of vegan campaigning engaged in by local Nottingham groups (such as Veggies Catering Campaign and Nottingham Animal Rights). 3 Love and thanks to: Robin Shackford; for making me happy and centred, as well as hearing me repetitively go over my arguments. Annie Giraud; for love and support and everything else that I can‟t put into words.