A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah by Robert D

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Chapter J National Coal Resource A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology Assessment in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah

By Robert D. Hettinger1 Click here to return to Disc 1 Volume Table of Contents

Chapter J of Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah Edited by M.A. Kirschbaum, L.N.R. Roberts, and L.R.H. Biewick

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625–B*

1 U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225 * This report, although in the USGS Professional Paper series, is available only on CD-ROM and is not available separately

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Contents

Introduction ...... 1 Acknowldegments...... 1 Location of the Kaiparowits Plateau ...... 2 Physiography of the Kaiparowits Plateu...... 3 Geologic Mapping ...... 4 General Stratigraphy...... 5 Stratigraphy of the Coal-Bearing Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation ...... 6 Sequence Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation...... 7 Folds and Faults in the Kaiparowits Plateau ...... 8 Distribution of Strata in the Kaiparowits Plateau...... 9 Distribution of Coal in the Calico and A-Sequences...... 10 Stratigraphic Cross Sections and Coal Correlations in the Calico and A-Sequences...... 11 Isopach and Overburden Maps of Coal in the Calico and A-Sequences...... 12 Coal Quality in the Calico and A-Sequences ...... 13 Previous Mining Activity in the Kaiparowits Plateau ...... 14 Coal Resources of the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah ...... 15 References Cited ...... 16

Figures

1. Location of the Kaiparowits Plateau, southern Utah...... 2 2. Location of the Kaiparowits Plateau, counties, highways, and towns...... 2 3. Location of the Kaiparowits Plateau with respect to nearby National Forests, Parks, Monuments, and Recreation areas ...... 2 4. Shaded relief map of the Kaiparowits Plateau and vicinity ...... 3 5. Index map showing detailed geologic mapping used to assess coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau...... 4 6. Stratigraphic summary of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata in the Kaiparowits Plateau...... 5 7. Paleogeographic reconstruction during the Coniacian and Santonian Stages ...... 6 8. Descriptions and depositional interpretations for members of the Straight Cliffs Formation...... 6 9. Sequence stratigraphy and facies relations in the Straight Cliffs Formation ...... 7 10. Generalized view of the Kaiparowits Plateau along cross section A-A’...... 8 11. Structural features and inclination of strata of the Kaiparowits Plateau ...... 8 12. Geologic map of the Kaiparowits Plateau...... 9 13. Diagram showing coal zones in the John Henry Member ...... 10 14. Locations of drill holes and measured sections used to assess coal resources in the Kaiparowits Plateau...... 10 15. Location of cross sections used to show the subsurface distribution of coal across the Kaiparowits Plateau...... 11 16. Coal correlations along cross section B-B’ ...... 11 17. Isopach map of net coal for beds more than 1 ft thick in the Calico and A-sequences ...... 12 18. Isopach map of cumulative coal thickness for beds 14–20 ft thick in the combined Calico and A-sequences ...... 12 19. Isopach map of overburden on the base of the coal-bearing interval...... 12 20. Coal-quality summary for samples collected from cores of the Calico and A-sequences ...... 13 21. Locations of core holes ...... 13 22. Location of abandoned coal mines in the Kaiparowits Plateau ...... 14 23. Examples of geologic and geographic coverages queried in GIS to report coal resources within various spatial parameters...... 15 24. Original coal resources and other occurrences of non-resource coal in the Calico and A-sequences ...... 15 A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah By Robert D. Hettinger

This summary report provides a brief description of the geology and coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau and serves as an overview to the more detailed report in chapter T.

Acknowledgments

I thank Peter McCabe (USGS) for providing photographs and Russell Dubiel, Tim Hester, Rick Scott, and Kathy Varnes (USGS) for their technical reviews.

Fiftymile Mountain on southeastern margin of Kaiparowits Plateau, as viewed from Lake Powell. Photograph by Peter McCabe.

Introduction

During the past 35 years, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted extensive geologic research in the area of the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah. The studies resulted in numerous publications that described the geology of the region; these studies also provided essential data for land-use planning and resource evaluation. The Kaiparowits Plateau is one of twelve areas on the Colorado Plateau that was evaluated as part of the USGS National Coal Resource Assessment. The Kaiparowits Plateau was evaluated because coal companies had expressed an interest in developing its coal resource and because the potential for coal development had created land-use and environmental issues. Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM) have integrated outcrop geologic Red strata produced by burned coal beds in the southern part of the Kaiparowits Plateau. and subsurface drill-hole data to assess the coal resources of the Kaiparowits Plateau. Photograph by Peter McCabe. J1 J2 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Location of the Kaiparowits Plateau Aquarius Plateau Boulder

Escalante Base of Upper Cretaceous Strata fault

12 Northern boundary of Kaiparowits Plateau STRAIGHT

Paunsaugunt GARFIELD COUNTY Modified from Hettinger Henrieville and others (chap. T, this KANE COUNTY CD-ROM). The Kaiparowits Plateau is located in south-central CLIFFS Scale Utah (fi g. 1) within Garfi eld and Kane Counties. Nearby 0 10 KAIPAROWITS towns include Boulder, Escalante, Henrieville, and Glen MILES PLATEAU Canyon City (fi g. 2). The plateau is delineated by the base of Upper Cretaceous rocks except at its northern boundary, Utah where it is truncated by the Paunsaugunt fault and merges with the Aquarius Plateau. The plateau extends 65 mi from 89

north to south and 20 to 55 mi from east to west, covering Glen Canyon Powell SAN JUAN 2 City 1,650 mi . Lake COUNTY Kaiparowits Figure 2. Location of the Kaiparowits Plateau, counties, Plateau highways, and towns.

Figure 1. Location of the CAPITOL REEF DIXIE NATIONAL Kaiparowits Plateau in NATIONAL FOREST (part) southern Utah. PARK

BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK

The Kaiparowits Plateau extends through the central part of the KAIPAROWITS Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument (fi g. 3). The northern PLATEAU part of the plateau is within the Dixie National Forest, and the southern part of the plateau is within the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (fi g 3). Capitol Reef and Bryce Canyon National Parks are located east GLEN CANYON and west of the plateau, respectively (fi g 3). GRAND STAIRCASE- NATIONAL ESCALANTE RECREATION NATIONAL MONUMENT AREA

Figure 3. Location of the Kaiparowits Plateau with respect to nearby National Forests, Parks, Monuments, and Recreation areas. After Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah J3

Physiography of the Kaiparowits Plateau

Aquarius Plateau

Boulder Utah

Grand Staircase- Escalante Kaiparowits National Escalante Plateau Monument 12 The Kaiparowits Plateau is a dissected mesa that rises as much as 6,500 ft above the surrounding terrain. Elevations range from 10,450 ft above sea level near the National Monument Aquarius Plateau on the north, to 4,000 ft above sea level S t r near Lake Powell on the south. The landscape is defi ned ai gh by four sets of cliffs and benches that are located between t Henrieville the Aquarius Plateau and Lake Powell. One set includes a prominent escarpment along the plateau’s eastern fl ank. C This escarpment is called the Straight Cliffs and is 1,100 liff ft high at Fiftymile Mountain (fi g. 4). These various s landforms are shown on a shaded relief map that has been modifi ed from a Digital Elevation Model produced by the Monument F U.S. Geological Survey (fi g. 4). KAIPAROWITS IFT boundary Y PLATEAU M ILE M OUN 10 MILES

A IT N

Grand Staircase-Escalante 89 Glen Canyon City Powell Lake

Figure 4. Shaded relief map of the Kaiparowits Plateau and vicinity. J4 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

o Geologic Mapping 112 o o 111 38 38o

1 Geologic map of 1˚×1˚ area

Geologic map of 7.5' quadrangle 2 3 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Utah Geological and Wide Mineralogical Survey have published geologic maps at various scales for Griffin Hollow Boundary of Kaiparowits Plateau Point all areas within the Kaiparowits Plateau. Mapped areas are shown in Reservoir ﬁ gure 5 and are referenced below. The geologic maps provided essential data for the assessment of the plateau’s coal resources. 4 5 6 7 Pine Upper Canaan Dave Lake Valley Creek Canyon 0510 8 9 10 11 12 MILES

Canaan Death Carcass Seep Table showing references to geologic mapping in the Kaiparowits Plateau. Henrieville Peak Ridge Canyon Flat 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Map no. Reference Map no. Reference Slickrock Butler Horse Petes Collet Basin Big Hollow 1 .....Sargent and Hansen (1982) 19.... Peterson (1980) Bench Valley Mtn Cove Top Canyon Wash 2 .....Bowers (1973b) 20.... Doelling and Graham (1972) 3 .....Stephens (1973) 21.... Bowers (1993) 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 26 4 .....Bowers (1973c) 22.... Bowers (1991b) 5 .....Bowers (1973a) 23.... Zeller and Vaninetti (1990) Calico Horse Fourmile Ship Mtn. Needle East of the Blackburn Sooner Peak Flat Bench Point Eye Point Navajo Canyon Bench 6 .....Zeller (1973b) 24.... Zeller (1990a) 7 .....Zeller (1973d) 25.... Zeller (1990b) 8 .....Bowers (1975) 26.... Peterson (1975) 27 28 29 30 31 32 9 .....Bowers (1981) 27.... Waldrop and Sutton (1967a) Nipple Tibbet Smoky Sit Down Mazuki Navajo 10 ....Zeller (1973c) 28.... Waldrop and Sutton (1967b) 1 Butte Bench Hollow Bench Point Point 11 ....Zeller (1973a) 29.... Peterson (1967) 12 ....Zeller and Stephens (1973) 30.... Peterson and Horton (1967) 33 34 35 36 13 ....Doelling and Graham (1972) 31.... Peterson and Barnum (1973b) Glen 14 ....Bowers (1983) 32.... Peterson and Barnum (1973a) Canyon Lone Warm Gunsight 1 City Rock Creek Bay Butte

15 ....Bowers (1991a) 33.... Waldrop and Sutton (1967c) o o 37 o 37 16 ....Zeller (1990c) 34.... Waldrop and Peterson (1967) 112 111o 17 ....Zeller (1978) 35.... Peterson (1973) 18 ....Doelling and Graham (1972) 36.... Peterson and Waldrop (1967) Figure 5. Index map showing detailed geologic mapping used by Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM) to assess coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau. Published geologic maps are referenced in table, and names of selected 7.5’ quadrangles are shown. A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah J5

General Stratigraphy

Description and depositional interpretation

Lithologic descriptions and depositional interpretations are based on Sargent and Hansen Age Formation Thick- ness (1982), Bowers (1972), Peterson (1969a, 1969b) and Shanley and McCabe (1991). (ft)

Miocene Osiris Tuff 0- Gray, purplish-gray and red-brown welded ash-flow tuff. Volcanic. 600 Variegated sandstone member (0-600 ft) Red, pink, and purplish-gray, very fine to Eocene coarse-grained sandstone, mudrock and minor conglomerate. Fluvial. Wasatch and 1,350- White limestone member (0-600 ft) Light-gray to white, crystalline limestone and minor Fm. 1,650 mudrock. Lacustrine. Paleocene Pink limestone member (0-900 ft) Gray, tan, white, pink or red, fine-grained clastic The geology of the Kaiparowits Plateau was ﬁ rst described by limestone, mudrock, sandstone, and minor conglomerate. Fluvial. 0- Gregory and Moore (1931), but it was not until the 1960’s that the region’s Paleocene? Pine Hollow Lavender to red and gray mudrock and limestone with coarse-grained, pebbly sandstone in geology and coal were investigated in detail. Stratigraphic studies by the Fm. 450 lower part. Low-energy fluvial and lacustrine. USGS and the Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey demonstrated Paleocene? Canaan Peak Gray, tan, and brown conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, and minor gray and red and 0- that the plateau was underlain by as much as 10,500 ft of Upper Late Cretaceous Fm. 900 mudstone. High-energy fluvial.

Cretaceous and Tertiary strata (ﬁ g. 6). The rocks were grouped by Kaiparowits 600- Greenish- and bluish-gray, fine-grained, silty sandstone with subordinate beds of mudrock similar age and depositional characteristics and named by Peterson (1969a, Fm. 3,000 and limestone. Low-energy fluvial (meandering river) and floodplain. 1969b) and Bowers (1972). Their studies provided the basis for geologic Wahweap 900- Light-gray and brownish-orange, fine- to medium-grained sandstone interbedded with gray Fm. mudrock and shale. Upper part is mostly sandstone. Fluvial and floodplain. mapping and stratigraphic investigations that were subsequently conducted 2,600 throughout the plateau. During the same time, subsurface drilling revealed Drip Tank Member (140-400 ft) Light-gray, medium- to coarse-grained sandstone, that the Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation contained signiﬁ cant conglomeratic sandstone, and minor mudrock. Braided river. deposits of coal in the interior region of the Kaiparowits Plateau. John Henry Member (600-1,500 ft) Light-gray to brown, very fine to medium-grained Straight sandstone; minor coarse-grained and conglomeratic sandstone; olive-gray, brown, and 1,000- black mudrock, and coal. Nearshore marine, estuarine, paludal, and alluvial. Late Cliffs 2,000 Smoky Hollow Member (20-300 ft) Upper part is light-gray, medium- to coarse-grained Cretaceous Fm. pebbly sandstone (Calico bed) and contains coal in the subsurface. Lower part is fine- grained sandstone, mudrock, and coal. Braided river, coastal-plain and paludal. Tibbet Canyon Member (60-185 ft) Yellow-gray and gray-orange, fine- and medium- grained sandstone; siltstone and mudrock in lower part. Estuarine and nearshore marine.

Tropic 600- Gray shale with thin beds of siltstone and fine-grained sandstone in upper part. Offshore marine. Shale 900 Upper member (0-68 ft) Light-brown, fine-grained to fine-grained sandstone interbedded with gray mudrock. Coastal plain, brackish water, and nearshore marine. Dakota 15- Middle member (4-76 ft) Gray to brown, very fine grained to fine-grained sandstone Fm. 250 interbedded with yellowish-green mudrock, carbonaceous mudrock and coal. Low-energy fluvial, floodbasin, and paludal. Lower member (0-66 ft) Gray to brown conglomerate and fine- to coarse-grained, pebbly sandstone and minor carbonaceous mudrock. High-energy fluvial.

Figure 6. Stratigraphic summary of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah. Modiﬁ ed from Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). J6 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Stratigraphy of the Coal-Bearing Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation

During the Coniacian and Santonian Stages (88.5–83.5 Ma) of the Late Cretaceous, the area now occupied by the Kaiparowits Plateau was located near the western edge of the Western Interior Seaway (ﬁ g. 7). As a result of this depositional setting, the plateau contains Upper Cretaceous strata that accumulated in marine, coastal-plain, and alluvial environments (Peterson 1969a, 1969b). The coastal-plain strata contain coal that developed from the peat that accumulated in raised swamps (Shanley and McCabe, 1991; McCabe and Shanley, 1992). These marine, alluvial, and coal-bearing coastal-plain strata are preserved in the Straight Cliffs Formation.

Depositional The Straight Cliffs Formation is divided, in ascending order, into the Tibbet Systems Canyon, Smoky Hollow, John Henry, and Drip Tank Members (Peterson, 1969a, ° 45 1969b) (ﬁ g. 8). The Tibbet Canyon consists of shallow-marine, beach, and estuarine

deposits (Peterson, 1969a, 1969b; Shanley and McCabe, 1991). The Smoky Hollow s Continental

d has coal-bearing coastal-plain strata in its lower part and braided-river strata in its an l upper part; the braided-river deposits are called the Calico bed (Peterson, 1969a, h g 45° i Western Coastal plain H 1969b). The upper part of the Smoky Hollow also has estuarine and coal-bearing

r coastal plain strata (Shanley and others, 1992; Hettinger and others, 1994). The ie v e Kaiparowits Peat swamp John Henry consists of near-shore marine and estuarine strata that grade westward S Plateau into coal-bearing coastal-plain and alluvial strata (Shanley and McCabe, 1991). The overlying Drip Tank consists of sandstone that was deposited in a ﬂ uvial environment Interior Marine (Peterson, 1969a, 1969b).

Seaway Drip Tank Member (140-400 ft) Light-gray, medium- to coarse-grained sandstone, conglomeratic ° sandstone, and minor mudrock. Braided river. 30 Paleolatitude 30° John Henry Member (600-1,500 ft) Light-gray to brown, very fine to medium-grained sandstone; minor Thrust fault coarse-grained and conglomeratic sandstone; olive-gray, brown, and black mudrock, and coal. Nearshore 30° marine, estuarine, paludal, coastal plain, and alluvial.

Smoky Hollow Member (20-300 ft) Upper part contains light-gray, medium- to coarse-grained pebbly sandstone (Calico bed) and has some has coal in the subsurface. Lower part is fine-grained sandstone, Figure 7. Paleogeographic reconstruction during the Coniacian and Santonian mudrock, and coal. The upper part formed in braided river, estuarine, and coastal-plain environments. The Stages. Modiﬁ ed from Roberts and Kirschbaum (1995). lower part formed in paludal and coastal-plain environments.

Tibbet Canyon Member (60-185 ft) Yellow-gray and gray-orange, fine and medium-grained sandstone; lower part is siltstone and mudrock. Estuarine and nearshore marine.

Figure 8. Descriptions and depositional interpretations for members of the Straight Cliffs Formation. A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah J7

Sequence Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation

Stratigraphic and sedimentological studies by Shanley and McCabe (1991) successions of strata during the initial stages of base-level rise. Overlying highstand identifi ed four unconformity-bounded sequences in the Straight Cliffs Formation (fi g. systems tracts contained marine, coal-bearing coastal-plain, and alluvial strata that 9). Deposition in each sequence was controlled by base-level fl uctuations whereby were arranged in aggradational and progradational stacks during slower rates of base- each sequence-boundary unconformity was cut during a fall in base level and each level rise (Shanley and McCabe, 1991; McCabe and Shanley, 1992; Shanley and overlying sequence was deposited during a rise in base level. Transgressive systems others, 1992; Hettinger and others, 1994; and Hettinger, 1995). tracts were deposited as incised valleys and were backfi lled with deepening-upward

Coal distribution between the northeast and southwest flanks of the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah. The line of section extends from Left Hand Collet Canyon to Rock Left Hand Collet Canyon USF House Cove. LSF TC 4 Escalante Rock House Left Hand Age Stratigraphy Cove Kaiparowits Collet Canyon USF Plateau

Drip Drip Tank HST Campanian Tank sequence (part) Mbr. LSF Line of section Rock USF House Cove Santonian TC Calico sequence

John HST Henry TST Mbr. A-sequence HST--Highstand systems tract 10 m MFS BR 3 TST--Transgressive systems tract Coniacian TST A sandstone Smoky Calico HST MFS--Maximum flooding surface Hollow sequence TST MFS Straight Cliffs Formation Mbr. Tibbet HST Near the town of Escalante, the Calico sequence is sequence Tibbet TST 2 Sequence boundary bounded by regional unconformities (red lines) and Canyon Calico bed unconformity Turonian Mbr. 1 contains strata deposited in transgressive (TST) and 200 ft 1 Tibbet sequence boundary Vertical highstand (HST) systems tracts. In the photo above, the Tropic Shale (No horizontal (part) scale 2 Calico sequence boundary lower TST grades upward through braided river (BR), tidal (approx.) scale implied) 0 Modified from Shanley and McCabe (1991) 3 A-sequence boundary channel (TC), and upper shoreface (USF) strata and is and Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). capped by a condensed section (yellow line). The HST 4 Drip Tank sequence boundary Fluvial Alluvial and contains progradational deposits of lower shoreface (LSF) Offshore Estuarine Shoreface Coal-bearing coastal plain channel and upper shoreface (USF) strata. Shoreface strata are overlain by tidal deposits in the overlying A-sequence. Photograph is modified from Hettinger and others (1994).

Figure 9. Sequence stratigraphy and facies relations in the Straight Cliffs Formation. The line of section is perpendicular to the paleoshoreline. J8 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Folds and Faults in the Kaiparowits Plateau

Paunsaugunt fault Explanation of symbols

Direction of dip on steep limb of monocline

Strata in the Kaiparowits Plateau are inclined along numerous north-trending graben Syncline folds that plunge into a deep central basin containing the Table Cliffs, Last Chance, Anticline and Coyote Creek–Billie Wash synclines (ﬁ gs. 10, 11). The northeastern ﬂ ank of the Jake-Hollow

J Fold showing direction of plunge

Dutton monocline o central basin is deﬁ ned by the westward-dipping limb of the Dutton monocline. The h

n s Fault: ball on downthrown side V central basin’s western fl ank is defi ned by eastward-dipping limbs of the Johns Valley a Escalante ll yanticlineey anticline and East Kaibab monocline. There are relatively few faults, and most are T able C located along the fl anks of the plateau. Dip categories l if fs

s 0˚-6˚ Strata are inclined by less than 6° throughout most of the plateau (ﬁ g. 11). yn

c li However, beds are inclined by as much as 25° near the town of Escalante, 30° on n 6˚-12˚ the eastern limb of the Johns Valley anticline, 45° along the Dutton monocline, and 12˚-25˚ 80° along the East Kaibab monocline (ﬁ g. 11). Areas where strata are inclined from > 25˚ 0°–6°, 6°–12°, 12°–25°, and >25° are shown in ﬁ gure 11. Henrieville

Last

Chance

syncline

Younger strata A' cut-away section syncline shown below Wash John Henry Member East Kaibab monocline A (coal-bearing) -Billie Older strata Coyote Creek KAIPAROWITS PLATEAU

Dutton monocline A A' central basin 0510 10,000 ft Sea level MILES 34 miles Modified from Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM) Based on Lidke and Sargent (1983)

Figure 10. Generalized view of the Kaiparowits Plateau along cross section A-A’. Figure 11. Structural features and inclination of strata of the Kaiparowits Plateau. A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah J9

Distribution of Strata in the Kaiparowits Plateau

Undivided Tertiary and Cretaceous strata Osiris Tuff, and Wasatch, Pine Hollow, Canaan Peak, Kaiparowits, and Wahweap Structural features and exposures of strata in the Kaiparowits Plateau Formations. are shown on the accompanying generalized geologic map (ﬁ g. 12). Upper Cretaceous strata

Cretaceous rocks in the Dakota, Tropic, and Straight Cliffs Formations are Drip Tank Mbr. of the Straight Cliffs Fm. exposed along the ﬂ anks of the plateau and are buried by younger strata in the John Henry Mbr. of the Straight Cliffs Fm.

Dutton monocline plateau’s central region. Outcrops of the coal-bearing John Henry Member are Smoky Hollow and Tibbet Canyon Mbrs. of shown in red. Although the Calico and A-sequences have not been mapped, the Straight Cliffs Fm., and Tropic Shale and Dakota Formation their combined outcrops are nearly identical to those of the John Henry Direction of dip on steep limb Member as shown in ﬁ gure 12. of monocline Syncline Anticline Fold showing direction of plunge Fault: ball on downthrown side

Outcrops of the coal-bearing John Henry Member are shown in red, these exposures are nearly identical to exposures of the Calico and A-sequences.

East Kaibab monocline

010

MILES

Modified from Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM)

Exposures of the Straight Cliffs Formation along the Straight Cliffs escarpment, eastern Figure 12. Geologic map of the Kaiparowits Plateau. The geology was digitized and modiﬁ ed ﬂ ank of Kaiparowits Plateau. Photograph by Peter McCabe. from a 1:125,000 scale map by Sargent and Hansen (1982). J10 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Distribution of Coal in the Calico and A-Sequences

Outcrops of the coal-bearing Calico and A-sequences (approximate location)

The Kaiparowits Plateau has signifi cant deposits of coal in the Calico and Location of drill holes and A-sequences. These sequences are equivalent to the upper part of the Smoky Hollow measured sections Member and the John Henry Member (fi g. 13). Coal distribution in outcrops (fi gs. 12 and 14) has been determined from geologic mapping by the USGS and Utah Outline of Kaiparowits Geological and Mineralogical Survey (fi g. 5). Coal beds generally split and pinch out Plateau over short distances along outcrop, and many beds have been naturally burned. The lower, Christensen, Rees, and Alvey coal zones (fi g. 13) occupy a 500- to 700-ft-thick interval on the plateau’s eastern fl ank, and contain as much as 70 ft of net coal in that area. Coal-bearing strata thin southwest, and less than 25 ft of net coal is in the 10 MILES Henderson coal zone, which is exposed along the plateau’s western fl ank. A summary of published coal data for each 7.5’ quadrangle is provided in Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM).

Western flank Central part Eastern flank of of of plateau plateau plateau Kaiparowits Modified from Hettinger and others, (chap. T, this CD-ROM) Plateau Drip Tank Member Figure 14. Locations of drill holes and measured sections used to assess coal Alvey coal zone Line of section resources in the Kaiparowits Plateau.

Inset Rees coal zone John Continental strata (fluvial) Henry Coastal-plain strata The distribution of coal in the plateau’s subsurface has been revealed by

A-sequence Member Christensen exploratory drilling. Drill-hole data show that net coal is thickest in the plateau’s coal zone Coal-bearing coastal-plain strata interior region. Both outcrop and drill-hole data were used by Hettinger and lower coal others (chap. T, this CD-ROM) to determine the distribution of coal throughout Calico Henderson coal zone zone Marine strata (shoreface) Straight Cliffs Formation (part) sequence Calico bed Smoky the plateau. The locations of drill holes and measured sections are shown in Hollow Marine strata (offshore) ﬁ gure 14. Member

Figure 13. Diagram showing coal zones in the John Henry Member. The line of section trends northeast-southwest (see inset map). A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah J11

Stratigraphic Cross Sections and Coal Correlations in the Calico and A-Sequences

B southwest northeast B' Measured NG Res NG Res NG Res section NG Den NG Den NG Den

NG Den NG Den

? The Calico and A-sequences (Smoky Hollow (upper part) and John Henry ?

Members) contain as many as 30 beds of coal that range from 1 to 59 ft in thickness. 1000 ft The subsurface distribution of coal is shown by a series of cross sections in Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). Locations of the cross sections are shown below in ﬁ gure 15, and an example of cross section B-B’ is shown to the right in ﬁ gure 16. Calico and A-sequences

14 miles Geophysical logs: 100 Drill Density (Den) Resistivity (Res) ft hole Natural gamma (NG) Braided Coastal Coal Coal Shoreface Offshore river plain zone bed Modified from Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM), measured section by Zeller (1973d).

Figure 16. Coal correlations along cross section B-B’. The cross section is located in the Alvey Wash northern part of the Kaiparowits plateau (fi g. 15) and extends 14 mi perpendicular to the paleoshorelines. B B' B' Left Hand Line of Collet Canyon cross section C The cross sections were constructed from geophysical well logs, core Kaiparowits B A' descriptions, and measured sections. Cross sections A-A’ and B-B’ are oriented Plateau perpendicular to paleoshorelines, and cross section C-C’ is oriented parallel to C' 10 MILES the paleoshorelines. The cross sections show that variations in coal thickness are related to the distance that the original peat accumulated from the shoreline. The Rock House shoreline reached a stillstand in the vicinity of the plateau’s eastern fl ank where the Cove A sequences are dominated by sandstone and mudrock deposited in nearshore marine Tibbet Canyon environments. Southwestward thinning of shoreface deposits is accompanied by an increase in net coal thickness. As viewed in cross section B-B’ (fi g. 16), thick beds of coal are located only a few miles landward of the shoreface deposits. More than 100 Figure 15. Location of cross sections used to show the subsurface ft of net coal are located 8–15 mi southwest of the plateau’s eastern fl ank. distribution of coal across the Kaiparowits Plateau. All cross sections are shown in Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). Only cross section B-B’ is shown to the right. J12 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Net coal in feet Isopach and Overburden Maps of Coal in the Calico and A-Sequences

> 120 30-60 90-120 0-30 60-90 0

Area where coal- bearing strata are eroded. Coal distribution in the Calico and A-sequences (Smoky Hollow (upper part) and John Henry Members) is also shown in a series of isopach maps by Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). The net (total) coal isopach map (fi g. 17) shows that coal is widely distributed throughout the plateau, and more than 100 ft of net coal is in the subsurface of the plateau’s central region. Isopach maps by Hettinger and others (chap. T, their fi gs. 16–21) demonstrate that coal beds of increasing thickness occupy successively smaller areas in the plateau’s interior. For example, coal beds that are 14 to 20 ft thick are found only in the central region of the plateau, and they have a cumulative thickness of as much as 80 ft (fi g. 18).

020MILES

Modified from Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM)

Figure 17. Isopach map of net coal for beds more than 1 ft thick in the Calico and A-sequences. Thickness of overburden in feet 0-1,000

Cumulative thickness 1,000-2,000 of coal beds14 to 20 ft thick Central basin 2,000-3,000 Area where The depth of coal below the Earth’s surface coal-bearing 70' - 80' 3,000-6,000 strata are eroded. is shown by the overburden map in ﬁ gure 19. The 60' - 70' map shows that the base of the coal-bearing interval >6,000 50' - 60' is less than 2,000 ft deep in all areas of the plateau, 40' - 50' except for the central basin where overburden is 30' - 40' 2,000 to 8,500 ft thick. 20' - 30' 14' - 20'

020MILES

Modified from Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM)

Figure 19. Isopach map of overburden on the Contour interval Figure 18. Isopach map of cumulative coal is 10 ft; 14.1 ft is 020MILES base of the coal-bearing interval. also shown thickness for beds 14–20 ft thick in the combined Modified from Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM) Calico and A-sequences. A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah J13

Coal Quality in the Calico and A-Sequences

Moist, Volatile Fixed Ash Sulfur Heating mineral- Moisture Coal zone matter carbon yield content value matter-free Apparent rank % heating value % % % % Btu/lb Btu/lb The apparent rank of coal in the Kaiparowits Coals sampled from core K-DR-1; analyses reported by Zeller (1979) Plateau is subbituminous C to high-volatile A Alvey Subbituminous bituminous, based on proximate and ultimate analyses of (2 samples) 19.7-20.4 34.7-35.1 37.0-37.7 7.2-8.2 1.0 9,440-9,510 10,240-10,440 B about 100 samples collected from abandoned mines and Rees Subbituminous 15.6-18.4 29.6-35.0 29.9-36.3 10.3-24.9 0.6-0.7 7,640-9,280 10,450-10,460 (3 samples) B outcrops (Doelling and Graham, 1972). Additional coal- quality data has been reported for samples collected from Christensen Subbituminous 19.7-21.1 33.3-34.7 39.8-40.9 4.4-5.8 0.5-0.6 9,830-9,860 10,320-10,520 four cores (ﬁ g. 20). Apparent ranks determined from (3 samples) A and B the core samples range from subbituminous B to high- Coals sampled from core SMP-1-91; analyses provided by Brenda Pierce (USGS, unpub. data, 1996) volatile A bituminous. Core hole locations are shown in ﬁ gure 21. Rees ? High-volatile C 8.2-9.7 41.7-43.9 41.8-44.7 2.7-8.2 0.4-0.7 11,488-12,381 12,390-12,760 (6 samples) Bituminous

Rees High-volatile B 0.7-7.8 27.9-50.7 24.9-45.4 4.3-42.5 0.5-2.3 6,962-12,387 12,700-13,710 (17 samples) and C Bituminous

Christensen High-volatile B 5.5-7.9 35.3-44.5 34.6-48.0 2.3-24.7 0.3-1.0 9,464-12,477 12,360-13,590 (13 samples) and C Bituminous lower 4.5-7.1 35.4-46.5 32.1-45.5 3.5-26.4 0.4-2.3 9,002-12,620 12,610-16,720 High-volatile A, B, DH-1 (15 samples) and C Bituminous KAIPAROWITS PLATEAU Coals sampled from core CT-1-91; analyses provided by Brenda Pierce (USGS, unpub. data, 1996) K-DR-1

Christensen Subbituminous A to CT-1-91 (23 samples) 8.5-15.5 34.5-41.1 34.8-4.6 3.7-17.6 0.4-2.2 9,717-11,721 11,110-12,590 High-volatile C Bituminous SMP-1-91 Coals sampled from core DH-1; analyses summarized from Doelling and Graham (1972) Henderson Subbituminous A (5 samples) 9.4-18.9 32.4-38.2 26.4-35.6 8.4-29.9 no record 9,740-10,300 11,010-11,350

Figure 21. Locations of core holes; analyses are given in Figure 20. Coal-quality summary for samples collected from cores of the Calico and A-sequences. Coal zone queried where fi gure 20. uncertain. Apparent rank calculated using the Parr formula (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995). Core hole locations are shown in fi gure 21. Modifi ed from Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). J14 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Previous Mining Activity in the Kaiparowits Plateau

Coal in the Kaiparowits Plateau was produced from small mines between the Location of late 1800’s and early 1960’s. Less than 50,000 short tons of coal were produced, abandoned and all of the mines have been abandoned (ﬁ g. 22). In the 1960’s, energy companies coal mines expressed an interest to develop the region’s coal, and plans were made to develop a coal-burning power plant near the plateau. The plans were revised after controversy Escalante over environmental issues, and they were ﬁ nally discontinued due to Government action and pending lawsuits over environmental issues. The few Federal coal leases that remained were suspended prior to the establishment of the Grand Staircase– Escalante National Monument in 1996, and they remain in suspension as of the date of this publication. By 1999, only one Preference Right Lease Application was in effect; it was located in the northern part of the plateau. Henrieville GARFIELD COUNTY KANE COUNTY

KAIPAROWITS PLATEAU

Glen Canyon City Modified from Doelling and Graham (1972)

Abandoned adit in a coal bed on the plateau’s southern ﬂ ank. Photograph by Peter Figure 22. Location of abandoned coal mines in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah. No mines are McCabe. currently in operation. A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah J15

Coal Resources of the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah

ARC/INFO Coverages

Digital coverages have been combined in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to report coal resources by various geographic and geologic parameters (fi g. 23). Coal tonnages were calculated by multiplying the density of coal by the volume of coal, as determined from the net coal isopach map (fi g. 17), and resources were reported in overburden categories by combining the coal isopach map with the overburden map (fi g. 19). Additional coverages were used to report resources by county, quadrangle, township, areas of mineral ownership, and in categories that might be useful for longwall mining. Results are reported by Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). Coal resources were Net coal determined using the methods described in Wood and others (1983) and Roberts and others (chap. C, this CD-ROM). All digital data are available in a report by Biewick and Mercier (chap. D, this CD-ROM). The Calico and A-sequences contain about 48 billion short tons of coal that are less than 3,000 ft deep and about 14 billion short tons of coal that are 3,000 to 8,500 ft deep (fi g. 24). These coal tonnage fi gures must be regarded with caution because they do not refl ect economic, land-use, environmental, technological, and geologic restrictions that affect availability and recoverability. For example, at least 55 percent of the coal is not likely to be mined because of excessive overburden, steep dip of strata, and limited or excessive coal-bed thickness. Additional coal might not be mined from beds that are discontinuous, used for support, or destroyed while mining adjacent strata. Additionally, a signifi cant part of the resource might remain undeveloped because it is now within the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument. Inclination of strata

0-1 Overburden 1-2 Overburden (thousands feet) 2-3 3-6 >6 Figure 23. Examples of geologic and geographic coverages 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 queried in GIS to report coal resources within various spatial Millons of short tons parameters. In this example, digital maps of net coal, inclination of strata, and overburden were combined to report coal resources in both range of dip and overburden categories. Figure 24. Original coal resources and other occurrences of non-resource coal (in millions of short tons) in the Calico and A-sequences. Coal tonnage is reported by overburden based on Hettinger and others (chap. T, this CD-ROM). J16 Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Colorado Plateau: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

scale 1:24,000. p. 235–257. coal deposits of the Big Hollow Wash References Cited quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: U.S. Bowers, W.E., 1991a, Geologic map and Lidke, D.J., and Sargent, K.A., 1983, Geologic Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map American Society for Testing and Materials, coal deposits of the Horse Mountain cross sections of the Kaiparowits coal- C-84, scale 1:24,000. 1995, Standard classifi cation of coals by quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: U.S. basin area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey rank [ASTM designation D388-95]: 1995 Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map Peterson, Fred, and Barnum, B.E., 1973a, Annual book of ASTM Standards, v. 05.05, C-137, scale 1:24,000. I-1033-J, scale 1:125,000. Geologic map and coal resources of the p. 169-171. northeast quarter of the Cummings Mesa Bowers, W.E., 1991b, Geologic map of the McCabe, P.J., and Shanley, K.W., 1992, An quadrangle [Navajo Point 7.5’ quadrangle], Bowers, W.E., 1972, The Canaan Peak, Pine Fourmile Bench quadrangle, Kane County, organic control on shoreface stacking Kane County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Hollow, and Wasatch Formations in the Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Coal patterns--Bogged down in the mire: Coal Investigations Map C-63, scale Table Cliff region, Garfi eld County, Utah: Investigations Map C-140, scale 1:24,000. Geology, v. 20, p. 741–744. 1:24,000. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1331-B. Bowers, W.E., 1993, Geologic map of the Peterson, Fred, 1967, Preliminary geologic Peterson, Fred, and Barnum, B.E., 1973b, Bowers, W.E., 1973a, Geologic map and coal Horse Flat quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: map of the northwest quarter of the Geologic map and coal resources of the resources of the Upper Valley quadrangle, U.S. Geological Survey Coal Investigations Gunsight Butte quadrangle [Smoky Hollow northwest quarter of the Cummings Mesa Garfi eld County, Utah: U.S. Geological Map C-144, scale 1:24,000. 7.5’ quadrangle], Kane County, Utah: Utah quadrangle [Mazuki Point 7.5’ quadrangle], Survey Coal Investigations Map C-60, scale Geological and Mineralogical Survey Map Doelling, H.H., and Graham, R.L., 1972, Kane County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000. 24-E, scale 1:31,680. Southwestern Utah coal fi elds—Alton, Coal Investigations Map C-64, scale Bowers, W.E., 1973b, Geologic map and coal Kaiparowits, and Kolob-Harmony: Utah Peterson, Fred, 1969a, Cretaceous 1:24,000. resources of the Griffi n Point quadrangle, Geological and Mineralogical Survey sedimentation, and tectonism, of the Peterson, Fred, and Horton, G.W., 1967, Garfi eld County, Utah: U.S. Geological Monograph Series, no. 13, 33 p. southeastern Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah: Preliminary geologic map and coal Survey Coal Investigations Map C-61, scale U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Gregory, H.E., and Moore, R.C., 1931, The deposits of the northeast quarter of the 1:24,000. 69-202, 259 p. Kaiparowits region, a geographic and Gunsight Butte quadrangle [Sit Down Bowers, W.E., 1973c, Geologic map and coal geologic reconnaissance of parts of Utah Peterson, Fred, 1969b, Four new members Bench 7.5’ quadrangle], Kane County, Utah: resources of the Pine Lake quadrangle, and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey of the Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Garfi eld County, Utah: U.S. Geological Professional Paper 164, 161 p. Formation in the southeastern Kaiparowits Map 24-F, scale 1:31,680. Survey Coal Investigations Map C-66, scale Plateau region, Kane County, Utah: U.S. Hettinger, R.D., 1995, Sedimentological Peterson, Fred, and Waldrop, H.A., 1967, 1:24,000. Geological Survey Bulletin 1274-J, p. descriptions and depositional Preliminary geologic map of the southeast J1–J28. Bowers, W.E., 1975, Geologic map and coal interpretations, in sequence stratigraphic quarter of the Gunsight Butte quadrangle resources of the Henrieville quadrangle, context, of two 300-m cores from the Upper Peterson, Fred, 1973, Geologic map of the [Gunsight Butte 7.5’ quadrangle], Kane and Garfi eld and Kane Counties, Utah: U.S. Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation, southwest quarter of the Gunsight Butte San Juan Counties, Utah and Coconino Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map Kaiparowits Plateau, Kane County, Utah: quadrangle [Warm Creek Bay 7.5’ County, Arizona: Utah Geological and C-74, scale 1:24,000. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2115-A, quadrangle], Kane and San Juan Counties, Mineralogical Survey Map 24-G, scale 32 p. Utah, and Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. 1:31,680. Bowers, W.E., 1981, Geologic map and coal Geological Survey Mineral Investigations deposits of the Canaan Peak quadrangle, Hettinger, R.D., McCabe, P.J., and Shanley, Roberts, L.N.R., and Kirschbaum, M.A., 1995, Map MF-306, scale 1:24,000. Garfi eld and Kane Counties, Utah: U.S. K.W., 1994, Detailed facies anatomy of Paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map transgressive and highstand systems Peterson, Fred, 1975, Geologic map of the of the Western Interior of Middle North C-90, scale 1:24,000. tracts from the Upper Cretaceous of Sooner Bench quadrangle, Kane County, America-- Coal distribution and sediment southern Utah, U.S.A., in Posamentier, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey accumulation: U.S. Geological Survey Bowers, W.E., 1983, Geologic map and coal H.W., and Weimer, P., eds., Recent Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map Professional Paper 1561, 115 p. sections of the Butler Valley quadrangle, Advances in Siliciclastic Sequence I-874, scale 1:24,000. Kane County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Robison, R.A., 1966, Geology and coal Stratigraphy: American Association of Coal Investigations Map C-95, Peterson, Fred, 1980, Geologic map and resources of the Tropic area, Garfi eld Petroleum Geologists Memoir 58, A Summary of Coal Distribution and Geology in the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah J17

County, Utah: Utah Geological and Waldrop, H.A., and Peterson, Fred, 1967, quadrangle, Garfi eld County, Utah: U.S. quadrangle, Garfi eld and Kane Counties, Mineralogical Survey Special Studies 18, Preliminary geologic map of the southeast Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Coal 47 p. quarter of the Nipple Butte quadrangle C-57, scale 1:24,000. Investigations Map C-65, scale 1:24,000. [Lone Rock 7.5’ quadrangle], Kane County, Rohrbacher, T.J., Teeters, D.D., Osmonson, L Zeller, H.D., 1973c, Geologic map and coal Zeller, H.D., and Vaninetti, G.E., 1990, Geologic Utah and Coconino County, Arizona: Utah M., and Plis, M.N., 1994, Coal recoverability resources of the Death Ridge quadrangle, map and coal stratigraphy of the Ship Geological and Mineralogical Survey Map and the defi nition of coal reserves-- Garfi eld and Kane Counties, Utah: U.S. Mountain Point quadrangle and north part 24-C, scale 1:31,680. Central Appalachian region, 1993, Coal Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map of the Tibbet Bench quadrangle, Kane Recoverability Series Report No. 2: U.S. Waldrop, H.A., and Sutton R.L., 1967a, C-58, scale 1:24,000. County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Coal Bureau of Mines Open-File Report 10-94, 36 Preliminary geologic map and coal Investigations Map C-131, scale 1:24,000. Zeller, H.D., 1973d, Geologic map and coal p. deposits of the northwest quarter of the resources of the Dave Canyon quadrangle, Nipple Butte quadrangle [Nipple Butte 7.5’ Sargent, K.A., 1984, Environmental geologic Garfi eld County, Utah: U.S. Geological quadrangle], Kane County, Utah: Utah studies of the Kaiparowits coal-basin area, Survey Coal Investigations Map C-59, scale Geological and Mineralogical Survey Map Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1601, 1:24,000. 24-A, scale 1:31,680. 30 p. Zeller, H.D., 1978, Geologic map and coal Waldrop, H.A., and Sutton R.L., 1967b, Sargent, K.A., and Hansen, D.E., 1982, resources of the Collet Top quadrangle, Preliminary geologic map and coal Bedrock geologic map of the Kaiparowits Kane County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey deposits of the northeast quarter of the coal-basin area, Utah: U.S. Geological Coal Investigations Map C-80, scale Nipple Butte quadrangle [Tibbet Bench 7.5’ Survey Miscellaneous Investigations 1:24,000. quadrangle], Kane County, Utah: Utah Series Map I-1033-I, scale 1:125,000. Geological and Mineralogical Survey Map Zeller, H.D., 1979, Composite geophysical logs Shanley, K.W., 1991, Sequence stratigraphic 24-B, scale 1:31,680. and coal analyses for core-hole drilling in relationships, and facies architecture of the Kaiparowits coal fi eld, Garfi eld County, Waldrop, H.A., and Sutton R.L., 1967c, Turonian-Campanian strata, Kaiparowits Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Preliminary geologic map and coal Plateau, south-central Utah: Golden, Colo., Report 79-1529, 12 p. deposits of the southwest quarter of the Colorado School of Mines Ph.D. Nipple Butte quadrangle [Glen Canyon Zeller, H.D., 1990a, Geologic map and coal dissertation, 390 p. City 7.5’ quadrangle], Kane County, Utah stratigraphy of the Needle Eye Point Shanley, K.W., and McCabe, P.J., 1991, and Coconino County, Arizona: Utah quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: U.S. Predicting facies architecture through Geological and Mineralogical Survey Map Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map sequence stratigraphy—An example from 24-D, scale 1:31,680. C-129, scale 1:24,000. the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah: Geology, v. Wood, G.H., Jr., Kehn, T.M., Carter, M.D., Zeller, H.D., 1990b, Geologic map and coal 19, p. 742–745. and Culbertson W.C., 1983, Coal resource stratigraphy of the East of the Navajo Shanley, K.W., McCabe, P.J., and Hettinger, classifi cation system of the U.S. Geological quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: U.S. National Coal R.D., 1992, Tidal infl uence in Cretaceous Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map Resource fl uvial strata from Utah, U.S.A.—A key 891, 65 p. C-130, scale 1:24,000. Assessment to sequence stratigraphic interpretation: Zeller, H.D., 1973a, Geologic map and coal Zeller, H.D., 1990c, Geologic map and coal Sedimentology, v. 39, p. 905–930. resources of the Carcass Canyon stratigraphy of the Petes Cove quadrangle, Stephens, E.V., 1973, Geologic map and coal quadrangle, Garfi eld and Kane Counties, Kane County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey resources of the Wide Hollow Reservoir Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Coal Coal Investigations Map C-132, scale quadrangle, Garfi eld County, Utah: U.S. Investigations Map C-56, scale 1:24,000. 1:24,000. Geological Survey Coal Investigations Map Zeller, H.D., 1973b, Geologic map and coal Zeller, H.D., and Stephens, E.V., 1973, Geologic C-55, scale 1:24,000. Click here to return to Disc 1 resources of the Canaan Creek map and coal resources of the Seep Flat Volume Table of Contents