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Et Poetis Ipsis Necessarium Argentum / Humanistische Selbstdarstellungsstrategien Auf Dem Konzil Von Konstanz

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Et Poetis Ipsis Necessarium Argentum / Humanistische Selbstdarstellungsstrategien Auf Dem Konzil Von Konstanz Et poetis ipsis necessarium argentum / Humanistische Selbstdarstellungsstrategien auf dem Konzil von Konstanz Dissertation zur Erlangung des philosophischen Doktorgrades an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Zsuzsanna Kiséry aus Debrecen Göttingen 2009 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Haye 2. 3. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Johannes Helmrath Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 24. 11. 2010 Inhaltsverzeichnis I. EINLEITUNG ......................................................................................................................... 5 1. Humanismus: ein proteisches Phänomen ....................................................................................................... 5 2. Mode ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 3. Die Rhetorik des Bruches und ihre Rolle in den Selbstdarstellungsstrategien ............................................. 13 4. Kontextbezogenheit ...................................................................................................................................... 19 5. Wahrnehmung: Ein Spaziergang von den Humanisten bis zu den Hirnforschern und wieder zurück ......... 20 6. Gruppenbildung, Nationendiskurs ................................................................................................................ 25 7. Meine Beispiele ............................................................................................................................................ 26 II. VOM NUTZEN DER TOTEN: EULOGIEN AN DEN TOTEN KARDINAL FRANCESCO ZABARELLA ALS INSTRUMENTE HUMANISTISCHER SELBSTDARSTELLUNG ................................................................................................ 31 1. Der historische Kontext ................................................................................................................................ 31 1.1. Das Dilemma des Jahres 1417 ............................................................................................................ 31 1.2. Francesco Zabarella ............................................................................................................................ 35 1.3. Die Eulogien zum Anlass des Todes des Francesco Zabarella ........................................................... 36 2. Poggio Bracciolinis eulogium ....................................................................................................................... 39 2.1. Poggio in Konstanz ............................................................................................................................. 39 2.2. Die Rede ............................................................................................................................................. 43 2.2.1. Die Strategie des orators: die Dramatisierung von Zabarellas Gestalt ...................................... 43 2.2.1.1. Das Öffentliche ..................................................................................................................... 43 2.2.1.1.1. Vom Bescheidenheitstopos zur Selbstdarstellung als Meister des genus grande .......... 43 2.2.1.1.2. Der Höhepunkt: Zabarellas Vergegenwärtigung ........................................................... 47 2.2.1.1.2.1. Die Heraufbeschwörung des toten Kardinals ......................................................... 47 2.2.1.1.2.2. Poggios Verwandlung ............................................................................................ 51 2.2.1.2. Poggios Entdeckungen als Folie für seine Rede und Instrument seiner Selbstdarstellung: der wiedererweckte Cicero ..................................................................... 54 2.2.1.3. Die Rede als Denkmal .......................................................................................................... 57 2.2.2. Die Wahrnehmung von Poggios Rede ....................................................................................... 59 2.2.2.1. Über die Frage, ob die Rede tatsächlich gehalten wurde ...................................................... 59 2.2.2.2. Poggios Publikum ................................................................................................................. 61 2.2.2.2.1. Der ideale Zuhörer ......................................................................................................... 61 2.2.2.2.2. Die empirisch-historische Zuhörerschaft ....................................................................... 63 2.2.2.2.3. Das Ziel von Poggios Selbstdarstellung ........................................................................ 64 2.2.2.3. Das Ringen um die Toten – Poggios Denkmal für Zabarella: von den Forschern übernommen, von Poggio relativiert .................................................................................... 66 2.2.3. Bilanz: Eine Neuinterpretation der Rede ................................................................................... 69 2.2.3.1. Poggios Agenda – Der orator als Verkünder von Zabarellas politischem Testament .......... 69 2.2.3.2. Wer sind Poggios „Feinde”? ................................................................................................. 71 3. Pier Paolo Vergerio und sein eulogium auf Zabarella .................................................................................. 74 3.1. Einleitendes ......................................................................................................................................... 74 3.1.1. Sein Leben im kurzen Überblick ............................................................................................... 74 3.1.2. Forschungslage .......................................................................................................................... 75 3.2. Vergerios Engagement für Sigismund von Luxemburg in Konstanz im Spiegel der zeitgenössischen Wahrnehmung ........................................................................................................ 80 3.2.1. Der Auslöser: Vergerios cedula ................................................................................................. 80 3.2.2. Der ausgelachte Vergerio ........................................................................................................... 81 3.2.3. Der „utriusque iuris ac medicine doctor“ und gekrönte Dichter ................................................ 85 3.2.4. „quidam doctor utriusque iuris” ................................................................................................. 85 3.2.5. Vergleich der Perspektiven ........................................................................................................ 89 3.3. Vergerios Antwort auf Poggios eulogium ........................................................................................... 89 3.3.1. Die Strategie des Briefeschreibers und Freundes: Die Entdramatisierung von Zabarellas Gestalt in Vergerios ................................................................................................................... 89 3.3.1.1. Einleitendes .......................................................................................................................... 89 3.3.1.2. Das Private ............................................................................................................................ 91 3.3.1.2.1. Freundschaft: ein wichtiger Baustein humanistischer Selbstdarstellung ....................... 91 3.3.1.2.2. Vergerios Freundschaft mit Zabarella ........................................................................... 97 1 3.3.1.2.3. Vergerios Bild von seiner Freundschaft mit Zabarella in seinem eulogium .................. 98 3.3.1.2.3.1. Die Selbstfiktion der Briefform als Rahmen für den Diskurs des Privaten ............ 98 3.3.1.2.3.2. Die Erzählung des Lebens als Erzählung einer Freundschaft ............................... 100 3.3.1.2.3.3. „Apud nos”: ein „wir” wird kreiert ...................................................................... 100 3.3.1.2.3.4. Vergerio als Begünstigter in Zabarellas Testament: Der geerbte Cicero ............. 102 3.3.1.2.3.5. Ciceros De amicitia als Folie zu Vergerios eulogium .......................................... 104 3.3.1.3. Die Entdramatisierung von Zabarellas Gestalt ................................................................... 110 3.3.1.3.1. Eine gar nicht harmlose Anapher ................................................................................. 110 3.3.1.3.2. Zabarella als Vermittler ............................................................................................... 114 3.3.2. Die Agenda des Versöhners ..................................................................................................... 116 3.4. Zabarella, der „Humanist”: eine Bilanz ............................................................................................ 118 III. PIER PAOLO VERGERIO: DIE KARRIERE EINES HUMANISTEN .................. 122 1. Die Fragen .................................................................................................................................................. 122 2. Vergerios Karrieremuster vor dem Konzil von Konstanz: in Petrarcas Fußstapfen ................................... 122 2.1. Eine einleitende Hypothese ............................................................................................................... 122 2.2. Die Ausgabe der Africa ....................................................................................................................
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