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King County Combined Sewer Overflow Water Quality Assessment for the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay

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King County Combined Sewer Overflow Water Quality Assessment for the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay King County Combined Sewer Overflow Water Quality Assessment for the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay Volume 1: Summary Report Prepared by the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay Water Quality Assessment Team Working Draft - July 17, 1998 Parametrix, Inc. King County Department of Natural Resources 5808 Lake Washington Boulevard, NE Wastewater Treatment Division & Kirkland, Washington, 98033-7350 Water and Land Resources Division 821 Second Avenue Seattle, Washington 98104-1598 King County Combined Sewer Overflow Water Quality Assessment for the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Overview of Approach....................................................................................................6 Fundamental Elements of the Approach .................................................................... 10 Rationale for the Computer Modeling Approach ....................................................... 12 Stakeholder Committee ............................................................................................. 13 Peer Review.............................................................................................................. 15 Project Team............................................................................................................. 16 Problem Formulation .................................................................................................... 18 The Study Area ......................................................................................................... 18 CSOs......................................................................................................................... 20 Stressors.................................................................................................................... 21 Chemicals.............................................................................................................. 21 Physical Disturbances............................................................................................ 23 Changes in Conventional Water Quality Parameters.............................................. 23 Microbial Contaminants ........................................................................................ 25 Summary of Study Stressors ..................................................................................... 25 Measures of Assessment............................................................................................ 25 Fish ....................................................................................................................... 33 Benthos ................................................................................................................. 33 Shore Birds, Wading Birds, Raptors, and Aquatic Mammals ................................. 34 People ................................................................................................................... 34 Risk Hypotheses........................................................................................................ 34 Hypothesis #1........................................................................................................ 34 Hypothesis #2........................................................................................................ 34 Hypothesis #3........................................................................................................ 35 Hypothesis #4........................................................................................................ 35 Hypothesis #5........................................................................................................ 35 Findings........................................................................................................................ 36 Overall Findings........................................................................................................ 36 Aquatic Life .......................................................................................................... 36 Water Column Dwelling Organisms ...................................................................... 37 Sediment Dwelling Organisms .............................................................................. 37 Wildlife................................................................................................................. 39 People ................................................................................................................... 39 Risks to Aquatic Life ................................................................................................ 41 Risks to Aquatic Life in the Water......................................................................... 41 Risks to Salmon..................................................................................................... 50 Risks to Aquatic Life (Benthos) in the Sediments...................................................... 50 Sediment PAH Biomarkers.................................................................................... 75 Risks to Wildlife ....................................................................................................... 76 Spotted Sandpipers................................................................................................ 83 River Otter ............................................................................................................ 87 July 17, 1998 Volume 1: Summary Report Page iii Working Draft A:\Table of Contents.doc King County Combined Sewer Overflow Water Quality Assessment for the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay Bald Eagle............................................................................................................. 90 Great Blue Heron .................................................................................................. 94 Risks to People.......................................................................................................... 95 Risks to People from Direct Exposures to Sediment and Surface Water............... 107 Risks to People Who Eat Seafood from the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay...... 126 Next Steps................................................................................................................... 143 CSO Related Issues ................................................................................................. 143 Recommendations ............................................................................................... 143 Watershed Related Issues ........................................................................................ 144 Recommendations ............................................................................................... 144 ESA Related Issues ................................................................................................. 144 Recommendations: .............................................................................................. 145 Public Education and Outreach ............................................................................... 145 Recommendations: .............................................................................................. 145 Literature Cited........................................................................................................... 146 Glossary...................................................................................................................... 151 ACCOMPANYING VOLUMES Volume II Problem Formulation and Analysis Plan Volume III Issue Papers Volume IV Modeling LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Field Sampling Work Plan Appendix B Stakeholder Report Appendix C Peer Review Report Appendix D Effects Characterization Data and Methods Appendix E Exposure Assessment Data and Methods Appendix F Risk Characterization Methods Appendix G Results of the Aquatic Life Risk Assessment Appendix H Results of the Wildlife Risk Assessment Appendix I Results of the Human Health Risk Assessment Appendix J Human Health Microbiological Risk Assessment Appendix K Results of a Survey on Seafood Collection and Consumption From the Shores of the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay Appendix L Bibliography of Data Reports and Quality Assurance Reviews Appendix M Benthic Infaunal Communities in the Vicinity of the Duwamish/Diagonal Way Combined Sewer Overflow/Storm Drain July 17, 1998 Volume 1: Summary Report Page iv Working Draft A:\Table of Contents.doc King County Combined Sewer Overflow Water Quality Assessment for the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay LIST OF TABLES 1 Fundamental Elements and Approach Used in the Water Quality Assessment .........8 2 CSO Water Quality Assessment Stakeholder Committee....................................... 14 3 Duwamish River and Elliott Bay Water Quality Assessment Project Team............ 17 4. Number of Overflows and Average Volume of Study Area CSOs in the King County Sewage System ......................................................................................... 21 5 Receptors, Assessment Endpoints, Exposure Pathways and Stressors Evaluated in the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay Water Quality Assessment............................ 22 6 Use/Causes and Contributing Sources of Stressors to the EFDC Model and the Impact of Stressors on Primary Receptors ............................................................. 27 7 Summary of Duwamish River and Elliott
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