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Biol 211 (2) Chapter 30/31 Professor: Hufford/Biederman S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider Biology 211 (2) Week 3! Last of Chapter 30! ! VOCABULARY: ! Alternation of Generations: Opisthokonta: Group Gametophyte: multicellular A life cycle involving characterized by single haploid form—produces alternation of a multicellular flagellum at their base (i.e. gametes haploid stage (gametophyte) sperm cells) with a multicellular diploid stage (sporophyte). Occurs in most plants and some protists. Sporophyte: the Zygote: Formed by multicellular diploid form fertilization of two gametes, it is diploid ! KEY CONCEPTS:! 1. Describe the two generations in the Alteration of Generations. a. 1 diploid generation with sporophytes (2n) and spores, followed by 1 haploid generation with gametophytes (n) and gametes 2. Why is a plasmodial slime mold considered a coenocytic mass? What type of metabolism does this slime mold have? a. It does not have cell walls in between cells, it is multinucleate b. Chemoorganoheterotroph 3. What supergroup are we (animals) a part of that is characterized by the presence of a single posterior flagellum on swimming cells? a. Opisthokonta 4. What phylum is our closest protist relative? a. Choanomonada (choanoflagellates) ! ! ! ! ! ! Professor: Hufford/Biederman S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider Beginning of Chapter 31! ! VOCABULARY:! Mycology: myco=fungus, the Hyphae: a long, branching Mycellium: extensive study of fungus filamentous structure that network of hyphae have a large surface area to increase absorption rate Chitin: Found in fungi and Septae: a membrane that Cellulose: A structural many algae, and in the separates hyphae polysaccharide composed of external skeleton of insects glucose monomers. Usually and crustaceans found in cell walls of plants Coenocytic hyphae: Extracellular digestion: Mutualists: A symbiotic Containing many nuclei and a Digestion that takes place relationship between two continuous cytoplasm through outside of an organism, as organisms that benefits both a filamentous body, without occurs in many fungi that being divided into distinct make and secrete digestive cells enzymes Parasitic: A symbiotic Decomposer: an organism relationship between two that break down dead or organisms that is beneficial decaying organisms to one organism (the parasite) and harmful the the other (the host) ! KEY CONCEPTS:! 1. What traits best describe fungi? Are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic (or both)? Heterotroph or autotroph? Do they have cell walls or not? If they have cell walls, what are these walls made of? a. Fungi are eukaryotes that are either single celled or multicellular. They are heterotrophs, and important decomposers. They have cell walls that are made of chitin. Some fungi are parasitic. Most live in association with other organisms that benefit their hosts and thus are mutualists. 2. How do fungi obtain their carbon and energy? Do fungi digest their food inside or outside of their cells? Why can’t fungi phagocytose their food? What do most fungi eat? a. They are heterotrophic, so they get their carbon and energy from other organisms. They have cell walls, so they digest their food extracellularly. They are one of few organisms that can digest cellulose and lignin. They spit out enzymes that digest the food outside the cells and then direct the nutrients inside the cells. Most decompose and eat dead things (plants and animals). ! Professor: Hufford/Biederman S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider 3. Draw a simple fungus. Label the hyphae, mycelium, spores and fruiting body. How do fungal cell walls differ from plant cell walls? a. They have chitin 4. How do coenocytic hyphae differ from septate hyphae? a. Septae Hyphae have closed walls, while coenocytic are not divided into separate cells 5. Are most fungi unicellular or multicellular? Give an example of both. a. Most are multicellular. Unicellular=yeast, Multicellular=Morel (type of mushroom) 6. Describe a mutualistic relationship between a plant and a fungus. a. Plant gives carbon to fungi, fungi gives plant nutrients 7. Fungal cell walls are made of a. Cellulose b. Chitin c. Peptidoglycan d. Chloroplasts 8. Where is most of the fungus found: above or below ground? a. The fruiting body is not the largest part of the fungus, most is below ground. .
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