In Defence of a Magic Circle: The Social and Mental Boundaries of Play Jaakko Stenros University of Tampere Kanslerinrinne 1 FIN-33014, University of Tampere +358-40-7520515
[email protected] ABSTRACT This article reviews the history of the concept of the magic circle, its criticism and the numerous other metaphors that have been used to capture the zone of play or the border that surrounds it, such as world, frame, bubble, net, screen, reality, membrane, zone, environment, or attitude. The various conceptions of social and mental borders are reviewed and separated from the sites where cultural residue of such borders is encountered. Finally, a model is forwarded where the psychological bubble of playfulness, the social contract of the magic circle and the spatial, temporal or product- based arena are separated. Keywords magic circle, psychological bubble, arena, play, game, boundary of play, safety INTRODUCTION Magic circle continues to be a hotly debated term in game studies. The term is intuitively accepted, useful in describing the difference between play and non-play; a handy metaphor that acts as intellectual shorthand for a more complex set of social relations. Yet when taken too literally, it can cloud our understanding of how play is bounded. The metaphor of magic circle stands for a border between play and non-play. However, it is only one of many formulations of a border that surrounds and envelopes play, a border that has numerous ethical, legal and practical implications, a border that functions as a design aid, and a border that is relevant for an understanding of what play is.