DOCSLIB.ORG

Challenging Chikungunya ⇑ Edward Mcsweegan A, , Scott C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Challenging Chikungunya ⇑ Edward Mcsweegan A, , Scott C Antiviral Research 120 (2015) 147–152 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Antiviral Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/antiviral Review The Global Virus Network: Challenging chikungunya ⇑ Edward McSweegan a, , Scott C. Weaver b, Marc Lecuit c, Matthew Frieman d, Thomas E. Morrison e, Sharon Hrynkow a a Global Virus Network, 801 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA b Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Galveston National Laboratory Building, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA c Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15; Inserm U1117; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France d Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA e Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80010, USA article info abstract Article history: The recent spread of chikungunya virus to the Western Hemisphere, together with the ongoing Ebola epi- Received 21 May 2015 demic in West Africa, have highlighted the importance of international collaboration in the detection and Accepted 8 June 2015 management of disease outbreaks. In response to this need, the Global Virus Network (GVN) was formed Available online 10 June 2015 in 2011. The GVN is a coalition of leading medical virologists in 34 affiliated laboratories in 24 countries, who collaborate to share their resources and expertise. The GVN supports research, promotes training for Keywords: young scientists, serves as a technical resource for governments, businesses and international organiza- Global Virus Network tions, facilitates international scientific cooperation, and advocates for funding and evidence-based pub- Chikungunya lic policies. In response to the spread of chikungunya, the GVN formed a task force to identify research Emerging virus Vector-borne gaps and opportunities, including models of infection and disease, candidate vaccines and antivirals, epi- Arbovirus demiology and vector control measures. Its members also serve as authoritative sources of information for the public, press, and policy-makers. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on ‘‘Chikungunya discovers the New World’’. Published by Elsevier B.V. Contents 1. Introduction . ...................................................................................................... 147 2. The Global Virus Network . ................................................................................... 148 3. The chikungunya task force. ................................................................................... 149 4. Chikungunya: emergence and basic features . ................................................................ 149 4.1. Global spread of the virus......................................................................................... 149 4.2. Clinical manifestations . ......................................................................................... 150 4.3. Pathogenesis . ......................................................................................... 150 4.4. Antiviral drugs. ......................................................................................... 150 4.5. Vaccines . ......................................................................................... 150 4.6. Diagnosis . ......................................................................................... 151 4.7. The future . ......................................................................................... 151 References . ...................................................................................................... 151 1. Introduction South America have highlighted the importance of international scientific collaboration in the detection and management of The recent emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the disease outbreaks. In response to this need, the Global Virus Western Hemisphere and its rapid spread in the Caribbean and Network (GVN) was formed in 2011. The GVN is a coalition of lead- ing medical virologists in 34 affiliated laboratories in 24 countries, ⇑ Corresponding author. who collaborate to share their resources and expertise. The GVN E-mail address: [email protected] (E. McSweegan). supports research, promotes training for young scientists, serves http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.06.003 0166-3542/Published by Elsevier B.V. 148 E. McSweegan et al. / Antiviral Research 120 (2015) 147–152 as a technical resource for governments, businesses and interna- Table 1 tional organizations, facilitates international scientific cooperation, GVN Centers of Excellence and associated laboratories. Each center has a director who has made significant contributions to the literature; high productivity in terms of and advocates for funding and evidence-based public policies. publications; has served as a regional resource for research, diagnostics and In response to the spread of chikungunya, the GVN formed a treatment; programs that interact with other centers in the region, and outreach task force to identify research gaps and opportunities, including programs with less developed countries. Current Center Directors are listed at: http:// models of infection and disease, candidate vaccines and antivirals, gvn.org/members. epidemiology and vector control measures. Its members also serve Centers of Excellence as authoritative sources of information for the public, press and Argentina IBBM – National University of La Plata policy-makers. This article reviews the history of the GVN and its Australia Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of response to the appearance of a novel mosquito-borne virus in Melbourne Belgium Northern Europe Consortium, Gembloux Agro-Biotech the Western Hemisphere. Brazil Fundación Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) – Rio de Janeiro China Chinese Consortium – Chinese Centers for Disease Control Germany Robert Koch Institute Berlin; Technical University of Munich; 2. The Global Virus Network Philipp University Marburg India Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala It is not immediately obvious that there is any connection Ireland University College Dublin between the writings of Irish novelist James Joyce and the phe- Israel Tel Aviv University Italy Italian Consortium – University of Verona nomenon of emerging viruses, but in April 2009, Robert Gallo, a Japan National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID-Tokyo) pioneer in the field of human retroviruses, was awarded the Russia Moscow Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment James Joyce Medal by the Literary & Historical Society at South National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg University College Dublin (UCD)—the first life scientist to be so Africa Spain Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid; honored. He then gave a lecture entitled, ‘‘Viruses, Epidemics and Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona Prospects for Their Control.’’ It may be that his audience—steeped Sweden Scandinavian-Baltic Consortium, Karolinska Institute in the myths and histories of famine and infectious disease—gave U.K. MRC-University of Glasgow, Scotland; The Pirbright Institute, little forethought to the idea of controlling mysterious viruses Surrey and preventing deadly epidemics. Gallo, on the other hand, posited USA Maryland: Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School in his lecture that viruses could run amok and take down society as of Public Health; J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville we know it. Surprised when bold audience members asked him fol- New York: Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; University of lowing his lecture, ‘‘What are you going to do about it?’’ Gallo, Rochester Medical Center; University of Buffalo together with William Hall at UCD and the late Reinhard Kurth California: University of California San Francisco; Scripps Research Institute at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, set about organizing an inter- Colorado: Colorado State University, Fort Collins national consortium of virologists who study human viral diseases Michigan: University of Michigan to serve as a readily available source of technical and scientific Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute expertise, which would become the Global Virus Network (see Texas: UTMB Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Fig. 1). Galveston National Laboratory Historically, the world has been ill-prepared to deal with global Affiliated sites disease outbreaks. The influenza pandemic of 1918–19, polio epi- Estonia University of Tartu Grenada, St. George’s University demics of the 1950s, and the AIDS crisis beginning in the 1980s W.I. are recent reminders of such events and the ad hoc political and Nigeria Institute of Human Virology–Nigeria medical responses to them. Previous pandemics and outbreaks Vietnam Ireland Vietnam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative, National Institute often have overwhelmed public health authorities because of a of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi Fig. 1. The global reach of the Global Virus Network. For information about Centers of Excellence, Center Affiliates and participating scientists, go to http://gvn.org/. E. McSweegan et al. / Antiviral Research 120 (2015) 147–152 149 Table
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses
    ARIZONA ARBOVIRAL HANDBOOK FOR CHIKUNGUNYA, DENGUE, AND ZIKA VIRUSES 7/31/2017 Arizona Department of Health Services | P a g e 1 Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 4 I: CHIKUNGUNYA ..................................................................................................... 5 Chikungunya Ecology and Transmission ....................................... 6 Chikungunya Clinical Disease and Case Management ............... 7 Chikungunya Laboratory Testing .................................................. 8 Chikungunya Case Definitions ...................................................... 9 Chikungunya Case Classification Algorithm ............................... 11 II: DENGUE .............................................................................................................. 12 Dengue Ecology and Transmission .............................................. 14 Dengue Clinical Disease and Case Management ...................... 14 Dengue Laboratory Testing ......................................................... 17 Dengue Case Definitions ............................................................ 19 Dengue Case Classification Algorithm ....................................... 23 III: ZIKA ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • WORLD HEALTH DAY Monday 7THAPRIL 2014 "VECTOR BORNE DISEASES"
    WORLD HEALTH DAY Monday 7THAPRIL 2014 "VECTOR BORNE DISEASES" Dr Raman Velayudhan Coordinator Vector Ecology and Management Dept. of Control of NTD World Health Day (WHD) What is WHD? World Health Day is celebrated on 7 April every year to mark the anniversary of the founding of WHO in 1948. Each year a theme is selected that highlights a priority area of public health. It is a flagship campaign of the Director General. Activities are planned in all regional offices and country offices (working closely with the ministry of Health) Regional offices and countries can have their on priority under the theme. WHD –past themes 2013 - Silent killer – control your blood pressure 2012 - Good health adds life to years 2011 – Anti-microbial Resistance 2010 – Urbanization and health 2009 – Make hospitals safe in emergencies 2008 – Protecting health from climate change 2007 – International Health security 2006 – Working together for health 2005 – Making every mother and child count GOAL The campaign aims to raise awareness about the threat posed by vectors and vector-borne diseases and to stimulate families and communities to take action to protect themselves. As vector-borne diseases begin to spread beyond their traditional boundaries, cross - border action needs to be taken where these diseases currently thrive. Specific objectives families know how to protect themselves; travelers know how to protect themselves when travelling to countries where these pose a health threat; in countries where vector-borne diseases are a public health problem, ministries of health put in place measures to improve the protection of their populations; and in countries where vector-borne diseases are an emerging threat, health authorities work with environmental and relevant authorities locally and in neighboring countries to improve integrated surveillance of vectors and to take measures to prevent their proliferation.
    [Show full text]
  • Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1: Technical Report February 2020
    TECHNICAL REPORT HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE 1: TECHNICAL REPORT FEBRUARY 2020 HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE 1: TECHNICAL REPORT FEBRUARY 2020 Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: technical report ISBN 978-92-4-002022-1 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-002023-8 (print version) © World Health Organization 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: technical report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Speakers' Biographies 4Th Annual Short Course in Medical Virology Of
    Speakers’ Biographies 4th Annual Short Course in Medical Virology of the GVN Clement A. Adebamowo, BM, ChB, ScD, FWACS, FACS. As a member of the Population Sciences Program of the Cancer Center and a cancer epidemiologist, I conduct research on the epidemiology of cancer. At this time, I am the PI of the NIH funded African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research (ACCME) which is one of the NIH/Wellcome Trust funded Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) initiative on genomics research and education in Africa. ACCME’s current project is enrolling 10,000 women in Nigeria and Zambia and following them up every 6 months for research focused on integrative epidemiology of persistent high risk HPV infection, host germline and somatic genomics and epigenomics, and vaginal microenvironment (cytokines and microbiome) and risk of cervical cancer. As part of this project, I established a comprehensive genomics laboratory in Nigeria including facilities for epigenetics and next generation sequencing using Illumina NextSeq500. The genomics lab is linked to an NIH funded biorepository at IHVN. I also direct the Fogarty funded West African Bioethics Training program which has provided medium term training leading to Certificates in Research Ethics for 842 biomedical researchers, Masters’ degree in Bioethics to 34 individuals and Online WAB-CITI Training program to 6115 participants in West Africa. In Baltimore, I am working with colleagues at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center and University of Maryland College Park to develop a research program on cancer disparities among Africans in Africa, recent African immigrants to the United States and African Americans in order to better understand the role of genetics, environment cultural and socio- economic factors in cancer prevention, treatment seeking behavior and outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Chikungunya Fever: Epidemiology, Clinical Syndrome, Pathogenesis
    Antiviral Research 99 (2013) 345–370 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Antiviral Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/antiviral Review Chikungunya fever: Epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy ⇑ Simon-Djamel Thiberville a,b, , Nanikaly Moyen a,b, Laurence Dupuis-Maguiraga c,d, Antoine Nougairede a,b, Ernest A. Gould a,b, Pierre Roques c,d, Xavier de Lamballerie a,b a UMR_D 190 ‘‘Emergence des Pathologies Virales’’ (Aix-Marseille Univ. IRD French Institute of Research for Development EHESP French School of Public Health), Marseille, France b University Hospital Institute for Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Marseille, France c CEA, Division of Immuno-Virologie, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France d UMR E1, University Paris Sud 11, Orsay, France article info abstract Article history: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the aetiological agent of the mosquito-borne disease chikungunya fever, a Received 7 April 2013 debilitating arthritic disease that, during the past 7 years, has caused immeasurable morbidity and some Revised 21 May 2013 mortality in humans, including newborn babies, following its emergence and dispersal out of Africa to the Accepted 18 June 2013 Indian Ocean islands and Asia. Since the first reports of its existence in Africa in the 1950s, more than Available online 28 June 2013 1500 scientific publications on the different aspects of the disease and its causative agent have been pro- duced. Analysis of these publications shows that, following a number of studies in the 1960s and 1970s, Keywords: and in the absence of autochthonous cases in developed countries, the interest of the scientific commu- Chikungunya virus nity remained low.
    [Show full text]
  • To Build a Fairer, Healthier World for Everyone, Everywhere
    It’s time to build a fairer, healthier world for everyone, everywhere. World Health Day 2021 Health equity and its determinants Health equity and its Health inequity and COVID-19 determinants Around the globe, COVID-19 has run along the seams of existing health inequities – the unfair This is the second World Health Day to and preventable differences in people’s health, fall during the COVID-19 pandemic – well-being, and access to quality health services. the world’s worst peacetime health crisis This is shown by the fact that COVID-19 cases and deaths in deprived areas are double those of in a century. It comes amidst gruelling more advantaged areas. and painful times for the world’s people who are dealing with the impacts of the Health inequity manifests itself in our pandemic, including those working in the communities: people worst affected by health sector. COVID-19 are those least able to withstand it – older people and others with pre-existing severe illness; socially disadvantaged people As of 1 April 2021, over 2.8 million people had with serious health conditions such as heart died from the COVID-19 virus, and more than disease and diabetes; people without Internet 130 million people had contracted it – many of access unable to receive the latest information whom now live with long-term health impacts. At to protect themselves; people unable to afford the same time, the wider health consequences out-of-pocket payments for treatment; and those of the pandemic have left untold millions bearing socially excluded, for example homeless people, the costs in terms of their emotional, social, or migrants, who may also experience obstacles and economic well-being.
    [Show full text]
  • GVN Overview | 3 the GENESIS of the GVN the Concept of a Global Virus Network (GVN) Began Back in the 1980’S When Dr
    Overview of the Global Virus Network We represent centers of excellence for research in virology from across the globe. Our work is dedicated to understanding, preventing and eradicating viral disease threats to mankind. Today, we affirm the need for new programs to coordinate, support and promote research that bridges the gap between virus surveillance and public health implementation. We gather in Washington, D.C. to support goals and ideals of the Global Virus Network, a new approach to fostering true collaboration among all regions and all peoples of the world. Seeking to improve the immediate responses to emerging viral threats, train future generations of virologists, and advise governments or non-governmental organizations on viral disease threats and their control, the Global Virus Network fills a critical need in international health for today and into the future. GVN declaration of support was signed March 3, 2011, Washington, D.C. www.gvn.org “The 1918-1919 influenza pandemic killed more people in absolute numbers than any other disease outbreak in history. A contemporary estimate put the death toll at 21 million, a figure that persists in the media today, but understates the real number. Epidemiologists and scientists have revised that figure several times since then. Each and every revision has been upward. Frank Macfarlane Burnet, who won his Nobel prize for immunology but who spent most of his life studying influenza, estimated the death toll as probably 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million. A 2002 epidemiologic study also estimates the deaths at between 50 and 100 million (Johnson and Mueller, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Antibody-Mediated Enhancement Aggravates Chikungunya Virus
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Antibody-mediated enhancement aggravates chikungunya virus infection and disease severity Received: 14 July 2017 Fok-Moon Lum 1,2, Thérèse Couderc3,4, Bing-Shao Chia1,8, Ruo-Yan Ong1,9, Zhisheng Her1,10, Accepted: 17 January 2018 Angela Chow5, Yee-Sin Leo5, Yiu-Wing Kam1, Laurent Rénia1, Marc Lecuit 3,4,6 & Published: xx xx xxxx Lisa F. P. Ng1,2,7 The arthropod-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a fu-like disease that is characterized by incapacitating arthralgia. The re-emergence of CHIKV and the continual risk of new epidemics have reignited research in CHIKV pathogenesis. Virus-specifc antibodies have been shown to control virus clearance, but antibodies present at sub-neutralizing concentrations can also augment virus infection that exacerbates disease severity. To explore this occurrence, CHIKV infection was investigated in the presence of CHIKV-specifc antibodies in both primary human cells and a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. Enhanced attachment of CHIKV to the primary human monocytes and B cells was observed while increased viral replication was detected in RAW264.7 cells. Blocking of specifc Fc receptors (FcγRs) led to the abrogation of these observations. Furthermore, experimental infection in adult mice showed that animals had higher viral RNA loads and endured more severe joint infammation in the presence of sub-neutralizing concentrations of CHIKV-specifc antibodies. In addition, CHIKV infection in 11 days old mice under enhancing condition resulted in higher muscles viral RNA load detected and death. These observations provide the frst evidence of antibody-mediated enhancement in CHIKV infection and pathogenesis and could also be relevant for other important arboviruses such as Zika virus.
    [Show full text]
  • Boarding Pass
    BOARDING PASS TRAVELER/CARIBBEAN SMALL BITE, BIG THREAT VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES: KNOW BEFORE YOU TRAVEL TAKE SIMPLE STEPS TO PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY VECTORS CAUSE DISEASE Like the yellow fever Serious diseases such Watch for symptoms mosquito & Asian tiger as: including: SEE REVERSE 1A mosquito o Fever o Dengue o Joint pain or swelling GATE A 37 o Chikungunya o Severe headache, SEAT 15 E (chik-un-gun-ya) muscle pain, or rash ZONE 2 WORLD TRAVELER Non-smoking Find travel notices, destination information, and travel clinic info at www.cdc.gov/travel flight TRAVEL ADVICE TAKE SIMPLE MEASURES TO PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY If you are unable to protect yourself Use insect repellents on from mosquitoes inside your hotel, skin and/or clothing sleep under an mosquito bed net No vaccines exist to prevent Chikungunya or Dengue, but getting recommended travel vaccinations for your destination is always an Contact your healthcare provider or important step for trip planning nearest travel clinic for advice about travelers health prior to traveling. Help reduce the number of mosquitoes If you suspect symptoms of Use air conditioning or outside your hotel room by emptying window/door screens to Chikungunya or Dengue during or after standing water from containers such as keep mosquitoes outside travel, immediately contact your flowerpots or buckets healthcare provider or local medical care facility and avoid mosquito bites. Adapted from World Health Organization World Health Day Boarding Pass http://www.who.int/campaigns/world-health-day/2014/en/ .
    [Show full text]
  • Media Fact Sheet Antimicrobial Resistance: No Action Today, No Cure Tomorrow
    World Health Day: Media Fact Sheet Antimicrobial resistance: no action today, no cure tomorrow Antimicrobial resistance - when germs change in a way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs to treat them - is a growing global problem. Antimicrobial treatments, which include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and other medications, are some of the most important tools we have to combat life‐threatening diseases. Inappropriate antimicrobial use drives resistance – harms patients On this page: Antimicrobial use in U.S. All use of antimicrobials in inpatient and healthcare settings outpatient settings drives antibiotic resistance Antiviral resistance and HIV and increases one’s chance of acquiring an Antiviral resistance and influenza antimicrobial-resistant infection. Therefore, it is Antimicrobial resistance and important to use antibiotics only when needed. malaria Antimicrobial or drug resistance is compromising Antimicrobial resistance and the effectiveness of these important treatments Neisseria gonorrhoeae and increases the patient’s risk of complications Antimicrobial resistance and or death. Patients, healthcare providers, tuberculosis (TB) hospital administrators, industry, and policy makers must work together to employ effective strategies for improving antimicrobial use – ultimately saving lives. Antimicrobial resistance in U.S. healthcare and community settings Scope of the problem: It is estimated that approximately 50% of antimicrobials, particularly antibiotics, are unnecessarily or inappropriately prescribed
    [Show full text]
  • World Health Day April 7, 2021 As the Work Programme Under Eu4health Is Developed, EFPA Calls For
    World Health Day April 7, 2021 As the work programme under EU4Health is developed, EFPA calls for: EFPA calls on the EU to make Recognition of the need to fund programmes ‘EU4Health count 4 Mental Health 2’ improving the mental health needs of the citizens especially but not solely to respond to In coming together to celebrate this year’s World the long-term implications of Covid-19. Health Day, the European Federation of Research is needed but the needs are likely to be Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) welcomes the greater among the young and people of working (1) European Commission announcement on 26 age. March that the €5.1bn EU4Health programme is coming into force. A focus on prevention in “building a fairer, EFPA particularly welcomes the focus on healthier world” (5) which is in line with the 10th improving and fostering health, enhancing UN Sustainable Development goal of reducing accessibility of healthcare, and strengthening inequalities (6). Tackling these societal challenges healthcare systems. requires a focus on the impact of social and behavioural determinants of health.(7) Such The proposed areas of action and health determinants as lack of healthcare access, risky (2) priorities including pandemic preparedness behaviour and poor working conditions are and transformation of accessibility of healthcare factors identified across Europe as having a clear systems are undeniably essential. Mental well- impact on physical and mental health. (8) being of the citizens of Europe however must not be forgotten. As the World Health Organisation A shift in the education and training of (3), Regional Office for Europe has made clear professionals.
    [Show full text]
  • Dengue Fever/Severe Dengue Fever/Chikungunya Fever! Report on Suspicion of Infection During Business Hours
    Dengue Fever/Severe Dengue Fever/Chikungunya Fever! Report on suspicion of infection during business hours PROTOCOL CHECKLIST Enter available information into Merlin upon receipt of initial report Review background information on the disease (see Section 2), case definitions (see Section 3 for dengue and for chikungunya), and laboratory testing (see Section 4) Forward specimens to the Florida Department of Health (DOH) Bureau of Public Health Laboratories (BPHL) for confirmatory laboratory testing (as needed) Inform local mosquito control personnel of suspected chikungunya or dengue case as soon as possible (if applicable) Inform state Arbovirus Surveillance Coordinator on suspicion of locally acquired arbovirus infection Contact provider (see Section 5A) Interview case-patient Review disease facts (see Section 2) Mode of transmission Ask about exposure to relevant risk factors (see Section 5. Case Investigation) History of travel, outdoor activities, and mosquito bites two weeks prior to onset History of febrile illness or travel for household members or other close contacts in the month prior to onset History of previous arbovirus infection or vaccination (yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis) Provide education on transmission and prevention (see Section 6) Awareness of mosquito-borne diseases Drain standing water at least weekly to stop mosquitoes from multiplying Discard items that collect water and are not being used Cover skin with clothing or Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered repellent such as DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) Use permethrin on clothing (not skin) according to manufacturer’s directions Cover doors and windows with intact screens to keep mosquitoes out of the house Enter additional data obtained from interview into Merlin (see Section 5D) Arrange for a convalescent specimen to be taken (if necessary) Dengue/Chikungunya Guide to Surveillance and Investigation Dengue Fever/Severe Dengue/Chikungunya 1.
    [Show full text]