BESt:BESt: Journal Journal of Built of Built Environment Environment Studies/October Studies/April 20192020/pp./pp. 11-8-8

BESt: Journal of Built Environment Studies P-ISSN: 2086-2636 E-ISSN: 2356-4644 P-ISSN: E-ISSN: Journal Home Page: http://www.archiplan.ugm.ac.id Journal Home Page: https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/best DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v4i1.3466

MANAGEMENTPRESERVATION EFFECTIVENESSOF THE HISTORIC OF CITY RINJANI OF BANDUNG- THROUGHGEOPARK ON THE GEOTOURISMBUILDING OF CULTURALTRACK HERITAGE GROUP A

1* AyuMaksey Puspa Muhammad Kartika1*, Bambang Hari Wibisono2

1 1DepartmentFaculty of Art of and Architecture Design, Bandung and Planning, Institute Faculty of Technology, of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, , Indonesia 2Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO

ManagingBandung is theone ofGeopark the historical involves cities the in integrationIndonesia. Therefore, between thereseveral are aspects;many historic conservation, heritage ReceivedReceived 2901 5 May 20202020 education,buildings adorning and the the sustainable city. According community to local economic regulations, development. there are at Multistakeholder least around 1700 is AcceptedAccepted 01 3 AcceptedJuly 2020 responsiblecultural heritage for managing buildings inthe the Geopark. city of Bandung. To make The it effective, effort to thepreserve stakehold historicers buildingsshould work has Available onlineAvailable October online 20202020 equallybeen carried balanced. out by This the study Bandung is aimed city governmentto evaluate the to maintainmanagement the historical effectiveness value of that Geopark exists * in Geotourismeach building track and with its specified area. Along theme. with The themethod changing that was times, used changesin this study or isshifts descriptive in the Corresponding Author quantitativeenvironment approach, often occur with in historicthe help areas of rating including scale social,to analyze cultural partial and scoring economic. and Thismanaging, has an aseffect well on as thein each complexity aspect andof preserving as a whole. historic This research buildings, was especially done at Rinjanithose included-Lombok in Geopark class A AyuMaksey Puspa Muhammad Kartika, ST whichcultural focused heritage on buildings. Geotourism One track area 2: thatthe Ancienthas a high Volcanic historical Mountains value is Trail Jalan in Braga.Sembalun Along Valley the BandungUniversitas Institute of Gadjah Technology Mada andBraga Geotourism street there Track are many 3: The classes Youn Agest cultural Volcanic heritage Mountain, buildings, Rinjani. one of The which respondents is the Insulinde were Email: [email protected]+6281330667286 chosenBuilding. by The non Insulinde-probability building-sampling was method, built in which1917 isas purposive an oil factory sampling. office. It consistsDuring itsof Email: [email protected] Geoparkestablishment, management, the Insulinde government, building haslocals, changed and tourists. functions As 6 times.a result, Its itlocation is shown in the that Braga the managementarea makes adjustments effectiveness to isthe considered building to average, the area and need also to there be considered are some imbalancesto see changes found in amongthe environment the aspects that mentioned. occurs from Educational year to aspectyear. This has researchthe lowest uses efficiency, qualitative while methods the rests byof thecollecting aspects data are through on average literature level. studiesThere are and several field observation indicators s.that From influenced the implementation in educational of aspectthis research,, and one it ofis themexpected is caused to be by able the toworst contribute management. to the preservation of historic areas through its buildings as well as the adjustment of building functions seen from the shifting Keywords: environment of the region. Effectiveness, Geopark, Geotourism track, Management Keywords: Preservation, Historical Building, Historic District, Environmental Changes 1. Introduction Geopark in 2013 and as UNESCO Global Geopark in 2018. Geological heritage is an important historical record on To support the Geopark, the government formed Rinjani- Earth1. Introduction that has received special attention from UNESCO by Lombokheritage buildingsUNESCO Globalfrom several-Geopark periods Management which eventually Agency, buildingArchitecture a Geopark is an art, through science andUNESCO technology Global in Geoparkcreating whichform anmainly image based of Bandung on conservatory, City (Hartoyo, education, 2014). andThe (UGG).space asAccording a place tofo rUNESCO human (2006),activities. Geopark These isspaces a national can sustainablebuildings of localcultural economic heritage aredevelopment. evidence of One the processof the conservatoryinclude, a housearea where or ageological building h eritageswith all which facilities, have geositeand stages potentials, of the developmentRinjani National and Park, growth is al ofso theas anCity icon of unusualinfrastructure beauty, or infrastructurethat could be in developedculture or lifeas humansa part ofin ofBandung, Rinjani -Lombokwhich beganGeopark since. However, the thereDutch areColonial some integratedbuilding their concept civilization such as(Harastoeti, conservation, 2011, education, h.116). Along and obstaclesgovernment during through the CIAM management in 1933 crowned process; the citywaste of localwith theeconomic development growth. ofUNESCO the ability Global to Geoparkthink of proposehumans problemsBandung asalong the thecolonial hiking city trail prototype because ofin geotourismthis world technology,geotourism andofferings human seeking activities, to deepenbuildings the created publics’ by activities,(Pratama, 2019:determining 13) that isthe adapted ticketing to thesystem, conditions, the humansknowledge also of experience geoscienc e,changes, as well becauseas to promote of these territorial things, constructionsituations, and of specialhiking characteristicstrails, problems of ofthe inequality City of architecturegeosites, cultural also sites changes and regionalfrom time stories to time (Justice, to support 2018). volunteers,Bandung. and training and development of tourism humanThe purpose activities of in Geopark his day. is to explore, develop, and serviceBandung providers as one such of asthe tour cities guide. that Those has a problems high historical often performIn the developmentintegration between of time periodsgeological can alsoheritages impa ctand or happenedvalue in Indonesia because has of been social doing jealousy preservation from Geoparkrelated to’s influenceconservatory the aspects,existence cultures, of a city. as well Buildings as invisible and heritagesareas of activities,cultural heritage where managed buildings and in runthe bycity. the The higher Utilization people (inof cultural(Setyadi, heritage 2012). Geopark are one could of the present elements direct of theand physicalindirect thecultural management), heritage buildings that leads is very to importantlocals feel to wronged. maintain Thethe environmentbenefits if it isof developed the city which continuously consists of(Yanuar, old elements 2018). Asof problemsvalues contained become in more each seriousarea of whenthe city. locals This only is done got theUNESCO city with (2004) high stated, historical a decent and visualizationGeopark is basedvalues. on The 3 negativebecause theimpacts Cultural by theHeritage garbage Building produced contains from important Geopark existencefactors; geo of- diversity,buildings bioand-diversity, cultural heritageand cultural areas diversity. must be activitiescultural elements. (Dowling, (Bandung 2013). It Cityshows Regulation some obstacles Chapter VIIto theno. maintainedIndonesia and is one preserved, of the countries this is because that have Cultural its geological heritage implementation19 of 2009) These of valuespresidential must atregulation least have: no. Social 9 year values, 2019, buildingsheritages containacknowledged very important by establishment values to beof preservedUNESCO whereCultural it isHeritage written andBuildings explained can clearly provide about a thebond aspects in a (Hartono,Global Geopark; 1997, h.39). Rinjani -Lombok Geopark is one of the thatcommunity must be and considered create ain landmarkmanaging elementGeopark. ofHence, a place. this examples.As a city This that G iseopark quite isold, confirmed Bandung asCity the has national many studyHistorical is aimed value, tothe evaluate Cultural managementHeritage Building effectiveness can provide in

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Rinjani-Lombok Geopark in Geotourism track with 3. Research Method specified theme based on the situation explained above. The research method used in this study is a descriptive quantitative approach which was assisted by rating scale 2. Literature Review assessments. Descriptive approach was used to provide an Effectiveness is a measurement of the planned objectives overview of the existing conditions that occur in the achievement in advance. Management effectiveness must management of Geopark while quantitative was used to be in accordance with the needs and balanced with the role measure the management effectiveness of the Rinjani- of the surrounding community so as to produce Lombok Geopark on Geotourism track 2 and Geotourism management that has a positive impact in solving social track 3. Data collection techniques that were used are environmental problems (Supriadinata and Goestaman, primary and secondary surveys. The primary survey was 2013). conducted using research instruments in the form of UNESCO (2004) requires that the feasibility of Geopark is interviews and questionnaires. Respondents were selected assessed based on 3 (three) elements, namely geological using a non-probability sampling technique in the form of diversity, bio diversity, and cultural diversity. The purpose purposive sampling by selecting respondents through of determining 3 (three) Geopark elements is for the certain considerations. It consists of Geopark management, development and improvement of a people's economy government, locals, and tourists. The number of samples based on the principle of protection or conservation of the was calculated using the Slovin method with samples of three elements of diversity. The three elements of diversity 170 respondents. The data analysis technique used is a must be owned by the Geopark as a condition in its scoring technique that was calculated partially or on each management. aspect as well as a whole (Ardi, 2017): In Indonesia, the management of Geopark is based on a. Partial Effectiveness Value Law Number 26 Year 2007 concerning on Spatial Planning n Score X Partial Effectiveness Value = × N Indicator which mandates the importance of natural heritage as n Indicator X development capital. In supporting the mandate of the law, Information: the Republic of Indonesia Presidential Regulation No. 9 nX = Total Score of Aspect X year 2019 concerning on the Development of Earth Parks n Indicator X = Number of Indicator Aspect X (Geopark) was prepared. This regulation explains that the N Indicator = Total Number of Indicator central government and regional governments develop Geopark in accordance with their authority, which in the implementation process involves stakeholders. b. Overall Effectiveness Value Total Score of All Aspects Geopark Management refers to the Presidential Overall Effectiveness Value = Number of Aspects Regulation Number 9 year 2019 concerning on Earth Parks (Geopark) which can be specifically used as a basis for Meanwhile, to determine the indicator score category managing geotourism, as follows: and the effectiveness category were done by calculating 1. Management and maintenance of the Geopark the average value interval, with the following formula. environment Xmax Xmin Interval Value = 2. Utilization of geological sites (geo site), geological N heritage (geo heritage), geological diversity (geo Information: − diversity), biodiversity, and cultural diversity. Xmax = Maximum value 3. Development of a monitoring and observation Xmin = Minimum value system of geological sites (geo site), geological N = Number of categories heritage (geo heritage), geological diversity (geo

diversity), biodiversity, and cultural diversity. 4. Results and Discussions 4. Implementation of the conservation program of 4.1 Description of Geopark Area geological sites (geo site), geological heritage (geo Rinjani-Lombok Geopark is located in Lombok Island, heritage), geological diversity (geo diversity), Province with an area of ± 2,800 Km2. biodiversity, and cultural diversity. The Rinjani-Lombok Geopark region consists of 33 Districts 5. Development of education and training in four Regencies and one City, namely East Lombok 6. Community economic development based on , , , creative economy , and City. Based on An 7. Socio-cultural preservation Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global 8. Development of tourism destinations Geopark (2016), Rinjani-Lombok Geopark has a wealth of 9. Development of amenities and supporting geo-site which includes 22 geo-diversity sites, 8 infrastructure for tourism biodiversity sites, and 17 cultural diversity sites. 10. Provision of information on the presence of Geopark The management of the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark is 11. Development of Geopark institutions based on three main pillars of the UNESCO Global Geopark, 12. Promotion of the Geopark’s scientific value namely conservation, education, and sustainable 13. Development of cooperation and active role of community economic development. In managing the Geopark managers Rinjani-Lombok Geopark, four Geotourism tracks are 14. Periodic report preparation arranged with the aim of facilitating management because each Geotourism track has a management focus based on

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Rinjani-Lombok Geopark in Geotourism track with 3. Research Method the theme of each track. The preparation of Geotourism specified theme based on the situation explained above. The research method used in this study is a descriptive track also aims to facilitate the development of geosites as quantitative approach which was assisted by rating scale tourist destinations. The four Geotourism tracks include 2. Literature Review assessments. Descriptive approach was used to provide an Geotourism track 1: Ancient Volcanic Trail on the West Effectiveness is a measurement of the planned objectives overview of the existing conditions that occur in the Coast of Lombok Island, Geotourism track 2: Ancient achievement in advance. Management effectiveness must management of Geopark while quantitative was used to Volcanic Trail in Sembalun Valley, Geo-tourism track 3: The be in accordance with the needs and balanced with the role measure the management effectiveness of the Rinjani- Youngest Volcanic Mountain, Rinjani, and Geotourism of the surrounding community so as to produce Lombok Geopark on Geotourism track 2 and Geotourism track 4: Rinjani Cultural Landscape management that has a positive impact in solving social track 3. Data collection techniques that were used are This study focuses on evaluating management environmental problems (Supriadinata and Goestaman, primary and secondary surveys. The primary survey was effectiveness of the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark on 2013). conducted using research instruments in the form of Geotourism track 2 and Geotourism track 3. This is based UNESCO (2004) requires that the feasibility of Geopark is interviews and questionnaires. Respondents were selected on several factors namely the geo-site potential and the assessed based on 3 (three) elements, namely geological using a non-probability sampling technique in the form of attractiveness of the two pathways which have diversity, bio diversity, and cultural diversity. The purpose purposive sampling by selecting respondents through interconnected history, training and community Figure 2. Map of Geotourism Track 3 of determining 3 (three) Geopark elements is for the certain considerations. It consists of Geopark management, empowerment on Geotourism track 2 or in the Sembalun development and improvement of a people's economy government, locals, and tourists. The number of samples Valley which is intended to support the management of In an effort to support management, Geopark based on the principle of protection or conservation of the was calculated using the Slovin method with samples of geo-site on geotourism track 3 or Mt. Rinjani climbing Management develops Geotourism Product, referred to as three elements of diversity. The three elements of diversity 170 respondents. The data analysis technique used is a track, as well as most of the livelihoods of the people of Geoproduct. The aim in developing Geoproduct is to must be owned by the Geopark as a condition in its scoring technique that was calculated partially or on each geotourism track 2 in Sembalun Valley depending on the increase competitiveness, at the same time to provide large management. aspect as well as a whole (Ardi, 2017): activities of climbing which is on Geo and broad benefits for the community and tourism actors In Indonesia, the management of Geopark is based on a. Partial Effectiveness Value tourism track 3. in the selected destination. The development of Law Number 26 Year 2007 concerning on Spatial Planning n Score X Geo-tourism track 2 as a whole is located in Sembalun Partial Effectiveness Value = × N Indicator Geoproduct includes a mechanism for identifying potential which mandates the importance of natural heritage as n Indicator X Valley or Sembalun District, . The geotourism products, determining the theme of development capital. In supporting the mandate of the law, Sembalun Valley is a relic of the ancient volcanic geotourism products, developing geotourism programs, Information: the Republic of Indonesia Presidential Regulation No. 9 which is now a fertile plain of the Lombok Island agro and drafting geotourism package. The development of nX = Total Score of Aspect X year 2019 concerning on the Development of Earth Parks tourism center and the gate to Mount Rinjani. Geo-sites geotourism products is carried out through five activities, n Indicator X = Number of Indicator Aspect X (Geopark) was prepared. This regulation explains that the that were found in Geotourism track 2 include Sembau Hot namely: N Indicator = Total Number of Indicator central government and regional governments develop Springs, Sembalun Valley, Gawir Sesar Pusuk, Sembalun 1. Workshop for making geotourism tracks and Geopark in accordance with their authority, which in the Caldera Wall, Mangku Sakti Waterfall, Aik Kalak Sembalun, supporting programs, cooperate with the implementation process involves stakeholders. b. Overall Effectiveness Value Lentih, Mt. Rinjani National Park, East Rinjani KPH, Total Score of All Aspects community, manager of tourist attractions, and Geopark Management refers to the Presidential Overall Effectiveness Value = Beleq Sembalun Village, and Gadjah Mada heritage. Number of Aspects related SKPD. Regulation Number 9 year 2019 concerning on Earth Parks (Geopark) which can be specifically used as a basis for 2. Workshop for planning interpretation for the Meanwhile, to determine the indicator score category managing geotourism, as follows: formed geotourism tracks and the effectiveness category were done by calculating 1. Management and maintenance of the Geopark 3. Identifying the needs of the geotourism the average value interval, with the following formula. environment Xmax Xmin development program Interval Value = 2. Utilization of geological sites (geo site), geological N 4. Compilation and trial tour packages heritage (geo heritage), geological diversity (geo Information: − 5. Making video tracks and geotourism packages. diversity), biodiversity, and cultural diversity. Xmax = Maximum value 3. Development of a monitoring and observation Xmin = Minimum value Based on these five activities obtained at Geopark, there system of geological sites (geo site), geological N = Number of categories are four developing Rinjani-Lombok geotourism product. heritage (geo heritage), geological diversity (geo Those are geotour, geoculinary, geosouvenir, and diversity), biodiversity, and cultural diversity. 4. Results and Discussions geohomestay. Following are the explanations of each 4. Implementation of the conservation program of 4.1 Description of Geopark Area geotourism product. geological sites (geo site), geological heritage (geo Rinjani-Lombok Geopark is located in Lombok Island, 1. Geotour, Geotour is a geotourism product which heritage), geological diversity (geo diversity), West Nusa Tenggara Province with an area of ± 2,800 Km2. was developed through a tour package that biodiversity, and cultural diversity. Figure 1. Map of Geotourism Track 2 The Rinjani-Lombok Geopark region consists of 33 Districts combines ttour destination with geological wealth, 5. Development of education and training in four Regencies and one City, namely East Lombok Meanwhile, Geotourism track 3 is a geotourism track biological wealth, cultural wealth as well as 6. Community economic development based on Regency, Central Lombok Regency, West Lombok Regency, which has geo-site strength from the eruption of Mount community social activities as part of tour creative economy North Lombok Regency, and Mataram City. Based on An Samalas in 1257. On the geotourism track, there is an icon destinations to be visited by travelers. The 7. Socio-cultural preservation Application Dossier for Membership to UNESCO Global of the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark, Mount Rinjani, which has 8. Development of tourism destinations development of geotour package is done by Geopark (2016), Rinjani-Lombok Geopark has a wealth of an altitude of 3762 m above sea level. In addition, there are 9. Development of amenities and supporting increasing information related to Rinjani-Lombok geo-site which includes 22 geo-diversity sites, 8 also other geosites including the Samalas Caldera, Lake infrastructure for tourism Geopark through the installation of information biodiversity sites, and 17 cultural diversity sites. Segara Anak, Mount Barujari, Aik Kalaq, Susu Cave, Sindang 10. Provision of information on the presence of Geopark boards in each attractions as well as through The management of the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark is Gila and Tiu Kelep Waterfalls, Luka tau Beach, Tebing 11. Development of Geopark institutions based on three main pillars of the UNESCO Global Geopark, Beach, Mt. Rinjani National Park, and Mulang Pekelem on information conveyed by geotour guides who are 12. Promotion of the Geopark’s scientific value namely conservation, education, and sustainable Lake Segara Anak. called interpreter. 13. Development of cooperation and active role of community economic development. In managing the 2. Geoculinary, Geoculinary is a geotourism product Geopark managers Rinjani-Lombok Geopark, four Geotourism tracks are by developing potential local culinary through 14. Periodic report preparation arranged with the aim of facilitating management because providing the understanding of geological terms each Geotourism track has a management focus based on and terms of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark.

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3. Geosouvenir, Geosouvenir is a geotourism product 4. Implementing Agency: which was developed from local souvenirs in the a. General Manager forms and themes that related to Rinjani-Lombok b. Manager of Community Empowerment and Role Geopark. of Women Enhancement 4. Geohomestay, Geohomestays adalah homestay c. Manager of Conservation, Disaster Mitigation, and Climate Change yang dirancang dengan tema populasi Geopark d. Manager of Education and Culture Rinjani-Lombok yang dapat disewa dengan harga e. Manager of Research and Development and terjangkau. pengembangan geohomestay harus Institutions Cooperation didukung dengan brosur yang berisi informasi f. Manager of Marketing and Creative Economy terkait Geopark Rinjani-Lombok. Namun, Development pengembangan geohomestay membutuhkan lebih g. Manager of Geotourism and Trekking banyak waktu untuk menggali dan mengumpulkan 5. Secretariat: informasi di lapangan yang digunakan sebagai a. Head of the Secretariat bahan presentasi terkait Geopark Rinjani-Lombok b. Administration Sector dan juga relevan dengan lokasi geohomestay. c. Financial Sector Materi informasi yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian d. General sector akan ditafsirkan oleh juru bahasa geotour. The management of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark has a 4.2 Management of Geopark Rinjani-Lombok vision that is "The realization of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark Based on Presidential Regulation No. 9 year 2019 that is sustainable and internationally competitive". The concerning on the Earth Park (Geopark) states that the vision is realized through five missions, which are as management of Geopark is carried out by the Governor or follows: the Provincial Government if the Geopark area is located in 1. Preserving the diversity of geological resources, cross-regency / city areas within 1 (one) province. Based on cultural uniqueness, and the richness of living natural this regulation, the management of the Rinjani-Lombok resources. Geopark is mainly carried out by the Regional Government 2. Enhancing community welfare through strengthening of West Nusa Tenggara Province. Interested parties in the role of the community in managing Geopark, managing the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark as follow: expanding business opportunities, and increasing a. Government The government has a role in making policies related to community and regional income. the management of the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark. The 3. Building world-class tourism destinations (Geosite) government consists of the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial that uphold social, cultural, and legal norms. Government and the district / city regional governments, 4. Enhancing the community through increasing namely the Mataram Regional Government, the West knowledge and geopark understanding and Lombok Regency Government, the East Lombok Regency increasing awareness of nature and cultural Government, the Central Lombok Regency Government, conservation. and the North Lombok Regency Government. 5. Building professional, integrated, and sustainable b. Private Parties governance to ensure the realization of sustainable Private parties are those who have the capital to be invested in the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark Area such as hotel integration of Geopark development. ownership in the Sembalun Valley region. Regional policies that support the management of the c. Community Rinjani-Lombok Geopark include some aspects as follows: Local communities in the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark 1. Mataram and - 3 Gili is a Provincial delineation work in government agencies, in private sectors Strategic Area in accordance with Regional Regulation / as entrepreneur, and unemployed. It is planned that the unemployed have their own businesses such as street No. 3 year 2010 concerning on Spatial Planning for vendors at the Geosite location, becoming porters / guides. West Nusa Tenggara Province years 2009-2029 In supporting the management of the Rinjani-Lombok 2. Part of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark Area is a part of the Geopark, Rinjani-Lombok UNESCO Global Geopark strategic area of North Lombok Regency, East Lombok Management Agency (BP-RLUGG) was formed, which is the Regency, and Central Lombok Regency. policy coordination and management agency for the 3. Rinjani Area as a National Strategic Area and in the regions in the Rinjani-Lombok Delegation of UNESCO Provincial Spatial Layout Plan with the Concept of LECI Global Geopark. The UNESCO Global Geopark (Lombok as Eco City Island) in developing Lombok Management Agency has the following organizational structure: Island. 1. Advisory Board: Governor of West Nusa Tenggara 4. Lemor as a Conservation Area with a Special Purpose Province as a Botanical Garden in Lombok. 2. Director Board: Regional Secretary of West Nusa 5. The Geopark Region is one of the special locations for Tenggara Province the program to strengthen sustainable environmental 3. Head of the OPD management as stipulated in the West Nusa Tenggara

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3. Geosouvenir, Geosouvenir is a geotourism product 4. Implementing Agency: Province Medium Term Regional Development Plan 12. Establishment of Rinjani Clean Task Force as an which was developed from local souvenirs in the a. General Manager years 2018-2023 (Land Forest Rehabilitation in the alternative waste solution on Mount Rinjani. forms and themes that related to Rinjani-Lombok b. Manager of Community Empowerment and Role West Rinjani KPH and Tastura Areas) 4.3 Score Calculation of Management Aspect and Geopark. of Women Enhancement 6. Gili Sulat and Gili Petagan are Regional Marine Determination of Indicator Categories 4. Geohomestay, Geohomestays adalah homestay c. Manager of Conservation, Disaster Mitigation, Conservation Areas in East Lombok Regency) and Climate Change The score calculation and the determination of indicator yang dirancang dengan tema populasi Geopark d. Manager of Education and Culture Based on the management structure and supporting categories are carried out in each aspect of the research, Rinjani-Lombok yang dapat disewa dengan harga e. Manager of Research and Development and policies, the activities that have been carried out by the namely aspects of conservation efforts, educational efforts, terjangkau. pengembangan geohomestay harus efforts to develop a sustainable community economy and Institutions Cooperation Regional Government in this case are the Rinjani-Lombok institutional management. The first step is to calculate the didukung dengan brosur yang berisi informasi f. Manager of Marketing and Creative Economy UNESCO Global Geopark Managament Agency together total score of the indicators obtained from the results of terkait Geopark Rinjani-Lombok. Namun, Development with partners until 2019 including: the questionnaire assessment by 170 respondents, and pengembangan geohomestay membutuhkan lebih g. Manager of Geotourism and Trekking 1. Strengthening the accessibility track to geosites of the then each total score of the indicators is summed to banyak waktu untuk menggali dan mengumpulkan 5. Secretariat: Rinjani-Lombok Geopark. At present the condition of determine the total score of each aspect of management. informasi di lapangan yang digunakan sebagai a. Head of the Secretariat the main connecting road is 95% good. After knowing the total score of the indicator in the first bahan presentasi terkait Geopark Rinjani-Lombok b. Administration Sector 2. Strengthening geopark information with thematic stage, the indicator rating category is determined, by dan juga relevan dengan lokasi geohomestay. c. Financial Sector information board branding at each site. previously determining the average value interval as Materi informasi yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian d. General sector 3. Building facilities at the geopark site including toilets, follows. 680 0 akan ditafsirkan oleh juru bahasa geotour. shelters, shanties, and parking. Interval Value = = 226,67 The management of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark has a 3 4. Strengthening Geoproducts through mentoring and 4.2 Management of Geopark Rinjani-Lombok vision that is "The realization of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark Information: − coaching BP-RLUGG working groups that cooperate Based on Presidential Regulation No. 9 year 2019 that is sustainable and internationally competitive". The Xmax = Maximum indicator value of 680 (4 × 170) concerning on the Earth Park (Geopark) states that the vision is realized through five missions, which are as with BNI (CSR BNI). Xmin = Minimum indicator value of 0 (0 × 170) management of Geopark is carried out by the Governor or follows: 5. Socializing Geopark to the public. N = Number of 3 level categories (high, medium, the Provincial Government if the Geopark area is located in 1. Preserving the diversity of geological resources, 6. Giving education related to geopark to schools and low) cross-regency / city areas within 1 (one) province. Based on cultural uniqueness, and the richness of living natural (elementary school, junior high school, and senior high Based on the calculation of the average value interval, this regulation, the management of the Rinjani-Lombok resources. school), Islamic boarding schools, and universities. the following three categories of indicator rating intervals are obtained: Geopark is mainly carried out by the Regional Government 2. Enhancing community welfare through strengthening 7. Making Rinjani-Lombok Geopark Guidelines book. of West Nusa Tenggara Province. Interested parties in a. Indicators is a good management, if the total score the role of the community in managing Geopark, 8. Strengthening policies, namely the Draft Governor managing the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark as follow: reaches 453.36 – 680 expanding business opportunities, and increasing Regulation concerning on Geopark Institution and the a. Government b. Indicator is a quite good management, if the total Draft Regional Regulation concerning on Rinjani- The government has a role in making policies related to community and regional income. score reaches 226.68 - 453.35 the management of the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark. The 3. Building world-class tourism destinations (Geosite) Lombok Geopark Governance. c. Indicators is a poor management, if the total score government consists of the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial that uphold social, cultural, and legal norms. 9. Training for Interpreter and certification for reaches 0 - 226.67 Government and the district / city regional governments, 4. Enhancing the community through increasing geotourism interpreter Following are the results of calculating the scores and namely the Mataram Regional Government, the West knowledge and geopark understanding and 10. Host of the 2019 Asia Pacific Geopark Network (APGN) determining the indicator categories for each evaluation Lombok Regency Government, the East Lombok Regency increasing awareness of nature and cultural 11. Application of online booking for prospective climbers aspect of the management effectiveness of the Rinjani- Government, the Central Lombok Regency Government, Lombok Geopark on Geotourism track 2 and Geotourism conservation. of Mount Rinjani and the North Lombok Regency Government. track 3. 5. Building professional, integrated, and sustainable b. Private Parties governance to ensure the realization of sustainable Private parties are those who have the capital to be Table 1 Score Calculation of Management Aspect and Determination of Indicator Categories integration of Geopark development. Total invested in the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark Area such as hotel Interval Indicator Indicator No. Sub Aspect Indicator Score of Each ownership in the Sembalun Valley region. category Category Regional policies that support the management of the Indicator c. Community Rinjani-Lombok Geopark include some aspects as follows: Conservation Efforts Local communities in the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark 1. Mataram Metro and Senggigi - 3 Gili is a Provincial 1. The availability of land to accommodate delineation work in government agencies, in private sectors Strategic Area in accordance with Regional Regulation activities (including tourism, conservation, 419 Average / as entrepreneur, and unemployed. It is planned that the and supporting facilities and infrastructure) unemployed have their own businesses such as street No. 3 year 2010 concerning on Spatial Planning for 2. The readiness of managers, communities, vendors at the Geosite location, becoming porters / guides. West Nusa Tenggara Province years 2009-2029 and tourists in the event of a disaster In supporting the management of the Rinjani-Lombok 2. Part of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark Area is a part of the (including the preparation of pre, during, 390 Average and post disaster management plans, Geopark, Rinjani-Lombok UNESCO Global Geopark strategic area of North Lombok Regency, East Lombok Environmental Good = 453.36 – 680 1 management and evacuation tracks, and evacuation sites)) Management Agency (BP-RLUGG) was formed, which is the Average = 226.68 – Regency, and Central Lombok Regency. maintenance 3. The commitment of managers, 453.35 policy coordination and management agency for the 3. Rinjani Area as a National Strategic Area and in the communities, and tourists in managing Poor = 0 – 226.67 regions in the Rinjani-Lombok Delegation of UNESCO 301 Average Provincial Spatial Layout Plan with the Concept of LECI environmental impacts such as garbage Global Geopark. The UNESCO Global Geopark from tourism activities (Lombok as Eco City Island) in developing Lombok Management Agency has the following organizational 4. The firmness of management in giving structure: Island. sanctions to parties who violate 311 Average 1. Advisory Board: Governor of West Nusa Tenggara 4. Lemor as a Conservation Area with a Special Purpose environmental management Implementation of 5. The commitment of managers, Province as a Botanical Garden in Lombok. 2 conservation communities, and tourists in protecting 349 Average 5. The Geopark Region is one of the special locations for 2. Director Board: Regional Secretary of West Nusa programs natural geological elements and ecosystems Tenggara Province the program to strengthen sustainable environmental 3. Head of the OPD management as stipulated in the West Nusa Tenggara

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Total Interval Indicator Indicator No. Sub Aspect Indicator Score of Each category Category Indicator 6. The clarity in determining the boundaries of conservation and tourism areas made by the 333 Average manager 7. The firmness of management in giving sanctions to those who violate conservation 328 Average regulations 8. The commitment of the manager in making periodic reports by involving the community 280 Average related to the management of the Geo park area Total Score of Conservation Efforts 2.711 Educational Efforts 1. The frequency of procurement of adventurous adventure activities 233 Average (adventuring) The Development of 2. The commitment of managers in facilitating education and learning or research activities to study 200 Poor training and the geological landscapes (learning) development of 3. The commitment of the manager and the science community in facilitating interaction 237 Average between the community and tourists to be able to exchange knowledge (enriching) 4. The frequency of procuring cultural events 198 Poor 5. The commitment of managers and community in preserving local social and 210 Good = 453,36 – 680 Poor cultural activities as an element of Average = 226.68 – education 453.35 Socio-cultural 6. Community understanding when their social 2 Poor = 0 – 226.67 preservation activities are used as research objects (e.g. 309 Average growing onions, strawberries, and as research objects) 7. The conformity between prevailing norms or customary rules and Geopark management 247 Average plans (e.g. customary awig-awig rules) 8. The availability of a geological information 259 Average center Management of 9. The availability of an integrated information 243 Average 3 geological system information 10. The availability of Geopark museum 157 Poor 11. The quality of information related to 198 Poor Geopark Total Score of Educational Efforts 2.491 Sustainable Community Economic Development

1. The level of providing new jobs after the 302 Average existence Geopark management

2. The level of employment after the existence 289 Average Community Geopark management Economic 1 3. The increasing of community income after Development based 350 Average the existence Geopark management creative economy 4. The frequency of training related to the 302 Average development of the creative economy Good = 453.36 – 680 5. The quantity of the community trained in 270 Average = 226.68 – Average developing the creative economy 453.35 The level of uniqueness or scarcity of the 435 Poor = 0 – 226.67 Average attractions offered The level of originality of the tourism object by not adopting a development model that is different 350 Average Development of from the original value (the original condition of 2 tourism destination the tourism object) The authenticity level of tourism object that is 338 Average associated with the cultural beauty of the Geopark, The level of diversification of attractions through 373 Average the diversity of attractions and services offered

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Total Interval Indicator Indicator No. Sub Aspect Indicator Score of Each category Category Indicator The Increasing number of tourist visits after 418 Average Geopark management The quality of amenities supporting Geopark services (e.g. places of worship, toilets, parking, 345 Average Development of etc.) Geopark supporting The quality of accommodation services supporting 3 facilities and Geopark (e.g. hotels, guesthouses, restaurants 452 Average infrastructure etc.) The quality of accessibility on Geotourism track 334 Average and accessibility to geo site Total Score of Sustainable Community Economic Development 4.558 Institutional Management The clarity in the preparation of the institutional 281 Average structure of the manager and the community Community involvement in the institutional 262 Average structure The suitability of manager and community roles in Institutional 1 accordance with the main tasks and functions of 299 Average development the institutional structure The procurement frequency of training programs 269 Average for communities related to Geopark management Good = 453.36 – 680 Average = 226.68 – The frequency of socialization by the management 291 453,35 Average to the public regarding Geopark management Poor = 0 – 226.67 Promotion of the The frequency of promotional activities carried 339 Average geotourism scientific out by managers and the community 2 value The innovations made by managers and the public 315 Average in promoting Geopark objects Development of The cooperation between management and the 274 Average cooperation and government 3 active role of The cooperation between managers and NGOs / 254 Average managers private sectors Total Score of Institutional Management 2.584

4.4 The Calculation of Partial and Overall Effectiveness N = Number of 3 levels category (high, moderate, and Rating Value low) After knowing the total effectiveness score in each Based on the calculation of the average interval, the aspect of the study, the next step is to conduct an following three effectiveness category intervals are evaluation of the effectiveness categories partially or on obtained: each aspect and the overall management effectiveness a. Geopark management effectiveness is high if the categories of the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark on Geotourism total score reaches 18,588 - 27,881 Track 2: Ancient Volcanic Mountains Trail in Sembalun b. Geopark management effectiveness is moderate, if Valley and the Geotourism Track 3: The Youngest Volcanic the total score reaches 9,294-18,587 Mountain, Rinjani. c. Geopark management effectiveness is low, if the The first step taken in assessing the effectiveness total score reaches 0 - 9,293 category is to calculate the average value interval to After obtaining the calculation results of the average determine the class or category of effectiveness, with the value interval and effectiveness category, the next step is results of the calculation as follows: to calculate the effectiveness value partially and overall as 27.880 0 well as determine the effectiveness category of each aspect Interval Value = = 9.293 3 and the effectiveness category of the Rinjani-Lombok − Geopark on Geotourism track 2 and Geotourism track 3. Information: The formula used to calculate the value of effectiveness Xmax = Maximum value of Geopark management partially and as a whole based on research method. effectiveness of 27,880 (4 × 41 × 170) The results of calculating the value of management Xmin = Minimum value of Geopark management effectiveness and management categories partially and as effectiveness of 0 (0 × 41 × 170) a whole can be seen in Table 2 as follows. Table 2. Calculation of Effectiveness Values and Effectiveness Categories Number of Effectiveness Effectiveness Effectiveness No Aspect Total Score Indicator Value Category Intervals Category Conservation 1 8 2,711 13,893.88 Average Efforts High =18,588 – 27,881 Average = 9,294 – 2 Educational Efforts 11 2,491 9,284.64 Low

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Sustainable 18,587 Community Low = 0 – 9,293 3 13 4,588 14,469.85 Average Economic Development Institutional 4 9 2,584 11,771.56 Average Management Total of Effectiveness Value 12,354.98 Average

The management effectiveness of Rinjani-Lombok as an element of education, the availability of Geopark Geopark on Geotourism track 2 and Geotourism track 3 are museums, and the quality of information related to included in the average effectiveness category with an Geopark. This study also adds aspect of institutional effectiveness value of 12,354.98. Then when viewed based management to evaluate the effectiveness with the results on the management effectiveness in each aspect, aspects it is included in the average effectiveness category. This is of conservation efforts, sustainable community economic in line with Oktariadi's (2016) explanation that Geopark development, and institutional management are included management is carried out with multi-stakeholders or in the category of average effectiveness with the respective involves many parties and sectors. effectiveness values of 13,893.88 for conservation efforts, This research can be used as an illustration in evaluating 14,469.85 for sustainable community economic the indicators management of Rinjani-Lombok Geopark development, and 11,771,56 for institutional management and is used as a basis for planning an increase in indicators aspects. Meanwhile, aspect of educational efforts is that are still in the poor category. Then, for further research, included in the low effectiveness category with an it can conduct further research on the comparison of effectiveness value of 9,284.64. Geopark management in each Geotourism track because The management effectiveness of Rinjani-Lombok each Geotourism tracks has different themes and Geopark on Geotourism track 2 and 3 are included in the problems, and to find a comparison of the effectiveness of average effectiveness category because there are no each management concept with different themes and indicators of management that are categorized as good, characteristics of the community. but there are management indicators that are going well enough and there are indicators that experience some 6. References problems, so that the indicators do not show optimal An Application Dossien for Membership to UNESCO Global results or in the poor category. These indicators include: Geoparks 2016. Submitted by Indonesian National Commission 1. Commitment of managers in facilitating learning for UNESCO. activities or research to study geological landscapes Ardi, W. F. (2017) Effectiveness of City Park 1 BSD as a Public Green (learning) Open Spacein The Urban Area BSD City, South Tangerang City. 2. Frequency of procuring cultural events Journal of RUANG, Volume 3 Number 1, Pages 11-20. 3. Commitment of managers and the community in Dowling, Ross K. (2013) Global Geotourism-An Emerging Form of preserving local social and cultural activities as an Sustainable Tourism. Czech Journal of Tourirm, 2(2), 57-79. Doi: element of Education 10.2478/cjot-2013-0004. 4. Availability of Geopark museum Justice, Sophie Catherine. (2018) UNESCO Global Geoparks, 5. Quality of information related to Geopark Geotourism and Communication of the Earth Sciences: A Case Study in the Chablais UNESCO Global Geopark, France. 5. Conclusion Geosciences 2018, 8, 149; doi:10.3390/geosciences8050149. Management of Geopark area is an area management Presidential Regulation Number 9 year 2019 concerning on Earth with a special utilization category that involves many Parks (Geopark) parties. Geopark management should be carried out by Setyadi, Dhika Anindhita. (2012) Studi Komparasi Pengelolaan integrating aspects of conservation, education, sustainable Geopark di Dunia untuk Pengembangan Pengelolaan Kawasan community economic development, and institutional Cagara Alam Geologi Karangsambung. Biro Penerbit Planologi management. But in its implementation of the UNDIP, 1 (1), 77-82. management of the Rinjani-Lombok Geopark on Supriadinata, W and Goestaman, I. (2013) Analisis Efektivitas Geotourism track 2: Ancient Volcanic Mountains Trail in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dalam Menyelesaikan Sembalun Valley and Geotourism track 3: the Youngest Masalah Sosial Lingkungan Perusahaan. Journal of Calyptra, Volcanic Mountain, Rinjani, the management of these Volume 2-1, Pages 1-13. aspects do not run in a balanced way. Educational efforts Yanuar, Yerry. (2018) Keberlanjutan Pengembangan Geopark are an ineffective management concept in Geotourism Nasional Ciletuh Pelabuhan Ratu dalam Perspektif Infrastruktur. track 2 and Geotourism track 3. There are five indicators Jurnal Sosek Pekerjaan Umum, Vol. 10.1, April 2018, Pages 64- that are less successful, namely the commitment of 72. managers in facilitating learning or research activities to http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/earth- study geological landscapes, the frequency of procuring sciences/unesco-global-geoparks/ (accessed on December 23, 2019) cultural events, the commitment of managers and the https://rinjanigeopark.com/ (accessed on April 5, 2020) community in preserving local social and cultural activities

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