DOCSLIB.ORG

Health in Scotland 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Health in Scotland 2007 health in Scotland 2007 Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer contents Foreword 1 Chapter 1 Coronary heart disease and stroke: Reducing amenable mortality 2 Chapter 2 Cancer: Reducing amenable mortality 14 Chapter 3 Liver disease: Reducing amenable mortality 22 Chapter 4 Risk factors and their impact on disease in Scotland 28 References 34 Acknowledgements 36 © Crown copyright 2008 ISBN: 978-0-7559-5839-9 The Scottish Government St Andrew’s House Edinburgh EH1 3DG Produced for the Scottish Government by RR Donnelley B57023 11/08 This document is available in alternative formats on request Published by the Scottish Government, November, 2008 Further copies are available from Blackwell’s Bookshop 53 South Bridge Edinburgh EH1 1YS 100% of this document is printed on recycled paper and is 100% recyclable Foreword foreword Last year, my annual report our poor health is inevitable and we emphasised the importance of the early should not accept it as so. years of life in building a solid foundation for good mental and The final chapter suggests “5 habits physical health in adulthood. Since that for health”. By adopting these habits report was published, many tragedies we can add significantly to the number have been reported in the media in of years we live and improve the which babies and young children have quality of those years. been abused, injured and killed. At the same time, evidence has continued to The most worrying trend reported is accumulate that children born into and the significant increase in mortality raised in chaotic circumstances are associated with consumption of more likely to be unemployed, have alcohol. Scotland must change its criminal records, abuse alcohol and attitudes to this drug. The evidence drugs and, in their turn, be violent to that mortality from alcoholic liver their own children. The need to create a disease can fall rapidly when a society more nurturing and supportive reduces consumption is strong. environment for our children remains, France achieved enormous in my view, the most pressing public improvements very quickly. We must health issue in our society. do the same. In some parts of Scotland premature death from This years report looks at how we can alcoholic liver disease is now higher reduce the scourge of early death in than that from heart attacks and we Scottish adults. The big killers are, of must act quickly to improve matters. course, heart disease, stroke, cancer and alcoholic liver disease. The report The damage done to the length and details the trends in incidence and quality of life in Scotland by the major mortality from these diseases. It killers has, as already pointed out, contains some good news and reports many of its origins in childhood. We some worrying trends. The key need to confine our efforts to support message is that, in many respects, parents and children. We must, in Scotland’s health is changing for the addition, help people at greatest risk better and, by working together, of ill health make the choices that will citizens of Scotland can accelerate the improve their mental and physical rate of improvement. Nothing about wellbeing. 1 1 Coronary heart disease and stroke: Reducing amenable mortality Chapter 1: Coronary heart disease and stroke: Reducing amenable mortality Introduction and 2003 to a fall of 0.5% between The fall in mortality from stroke has 2003 and 2006. There was also a been more consistent. Mortality from Over the past 10 years Scotland has small increase in mortality rates in stroke in the under 75s has fallen seen a steady fall in the mortality young men between 2005 and 2006. substantially from 37 deaths per rates of the cardiovascular diseases Recent evidence suggests that the 100,000 in 1995 to 20 deaths per (CVD) of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk of developing heart disease is 100,000 in 2006 (Figure 2). If this trend and stroke. Figure 1 shows the increasing in younger men between continues, the 2010 target of a 50% progress made between 1995 and the ages of 35 and 55. This adverse reduction in mortality in this age group 2006 towards the 2010 target of a trend reflects what is happening in should be met. However, the 60% reduction in CHD deaths in those other parts of the world, including continuing increase in the proportion aged less than 75. England, Wales and the USA. It is of older people in the Scottish Although Scotland remains on course probable that unfavourable trends in population will mean the number of to meet this target, it is a matter of cardiovascular risk factors such as people of all ages in Scotland suffering concern that the rate of decline in CHD obesity and associated diabetes are a stroke will continue to increase mortality for men and women aged now beginning to impact on CHD unless the incidence of stroke in the 35-54 years shows recent significant mortality. This highlights a pressing over 75s is reduced. levelling off. Specifically, the average need to tackle the challenge of annual percentage fall in the rate in increasing obesity in the Scottish men changed from 6% between 1986 population. Figure 1: Mortality rates in Scotland from 1995 to 2006 for coronary heart disease for ages under 75 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 e per 100,000 Population 40 Rat 20 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Males (MEASR) Both Sexes (BEASR) Females trend to target (FTREND) Females (FEASR) Males trend to target (MTREND) Both Sexes trend to target (BTREND) Source: GRO(S) 3 Health in Scotland 2007 Figure 2: Mortality rates in Scotland from 1995 to 2006 for stroke for ages under 75 60 50 40 30 20 e per 100,000 Population 10 Rat 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Males (MEASR) Both Sexes (BEASR) Females trend to target (FTREND) Females (FEASR) Males trend to target (MTREND) Both Sexes trend to target (BTREND) Source: GRO(S) Behind these population trends there future adult disease, and to support Impact of Health is also a worrying gap in cardiovascular individual behaviours that promote Improvement Measures health between the more affluent and good physical and mental health and The Scottish Government is funding the more deprived people of Scotland. wellbeing. The report of the £56 million to support implementation See Figures 3 and 4. Ministerial Task Force on Health of the recently published policy Inequalities Equally Well2 published Healthy Eating, Active Living: An What more could be done to in June 2008 demonstrates the Action Plan to Improve Diet, Increase accelerate the current overall decline Scottish Government’s commitment Activity and Tackle Obesity3. It is also in CVD mortality and narrow the gap to tackling health inequalities. building on Scotland’s historic 2005 which persists between mortality rates Current health improvement policies legislation banning smoking in in rich and poor communities? aim to change the average behaviour enclosed public places and in May of the Scottish population by 2008 published a smoking prevention The recent Better Health, Better Care focussing on reducing poverty, Action Plan Scotland’s Future is Smoke action plan1 emphasises the crucial encouraging healthy lifestyles, Free. This has radical new proposals need to reduce the significant including taking more exercise and such as substantially reducing the widening health inequalities in eating more fruit and vegetables availability, affordability and Scotland. Current differences in life while reducing intake of salt, attractiveness of cigarettes to young expectancy and health in Scotland, saturated fats and alcohol. people and further reduce the number with people in the most affluent areas Increasingly health improvement of people exposed to tobacco smoke. of the country living several years policies are also targeting those Improving the pattern in the longer than those in the most deprived populations that are at greatest risk population of blood pressure, blood areas need to be tackled. The Scottish of future ill health and often least fats, diet, smoking and physical Government is working to break the able to access health improvement activity by even a small proportion will link between early life adversity and support. have a big impact on the numbers in the overall population having heart attacks and strokes. Table 1 illustrates the potential reduction in incidence of major cardiovascular events in the 10 years following treatment of middle aged men who are identified as high risk. 4 Chapter 1: Coronary heart disease and stroke: Reducing amenable mortality Figure 3: Coronary heart disease standardised mortality ratios by SIMD deprivation decile, 2002-2006 250 200 lity Ratio rta 150 100 Standardised Mo 50 0 1 2345678910 SIMD Deprivation Decile All Ages Ages under 65 Ages 65 and over Source: ISD Scotland; GRO(S) Figure 4: Cerebrovascular disease standardised mortality ratios, by SIMD deprivation decile, 2002-2006 200 180 160 140 lity Ratio 120 rta 100 80 60 Standardised Mo 40 20 0 12345678910 SIMD Deprivation Decile All Ages Ages under 65 Ages 65 and over Source: ISD Scotland; GRO(S) 5 Health in Scotland 2007 Table 1: Potential reduction in incidence of major cardiovascular events in subsequent 10 years by treatment of middle-aged men identified as at high risk Basis of high risk Treatment Reduction in individual relative risk High cholesterol Statin 30% High blood pressure BP lowering drug 22% High cholesterol Combined treatment 68% High blood pressure Combined treatment 68% Reduction in population incidence by treating those at greatest risk Top 10% Top 20% Top 30% High cholesterol Statin 6% 9% 12% High blood pressure BP lowering drug 6% 8% 10% High cholesterol Combined treatment 13% 21% 28% High blood pressure Combined treatment 18% 25% 31% (Combined treatment: Statin, BP lowering drug and aspirin) Based on Table 18.8: Stroke: practical management.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Childhood Immunisation Statistics Scotland
    Information Services Division Publication Report Childhood Immunisation Statistics Scotland Quarter and year ending 31 December 2016 Publication date – 28 March 2017 A National Statistics Publication for Scotland Information Services Division Contents Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 UK Childhood Immunisation Schedule ................................................................................... 3 Routine Childhood Immunisation Schedule prior to September 2016 ................................. 4 Non-routine immunisations for at-risk babies ...................................................................... 4 Childhood vaccine uptake rates published elsewhere ............................................................ 5 Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 5 Main points ................................................................................................................................. 6 Results and Commentary ........................................................................................................... 7 Annual uptake rates by 12 months of age .............................................................................. 7 DTP/Pol/Hib .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Statistics Scotland 2009 Ii Contents
    = == = = = = = ^äÅçÜçä=pí~íáëíáÅë= pÅçíä~åÇ=OMMV= = = = = = = = = fåÑçêã~íáçå=pÉêîáÅÉë=aáîáëáçå= Edinburgh 2009= = = == Copyright © Common Services Agency/Crown Copyright 2009 Brief extracts from this publication may be reproduced provided the source is fully acknowledged. Proposals for the reproduction of large extracts should be addressed to: ISD Publications Gyle Square, Area 114a 1 South Gyle Crescent Edinburgh EH12 9EB This report is available online on the national website: http://www.alcoholinformation.isdscotland.org/ Enquiries For enquiries or comments about this publication please contact: Customer Support Desk Information Services Division Gyle Square, 1 South Gyle Crescent Edinburgh, EH12 9EB Phone 0131 275 7777 Fax 0131 275 7504 Alcohol Statistics Scotland 2009 ii Contents Acknowledgements...................................................................................................iv National Statistics releases from ISD ..........................................................................v Conventions List of tables and figures ...........................................................................................vi 1. Introduction......................................................................................................1 2. The Alcohol market… .......................................................................................5 2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................7 2.2 Consumer expenditure .......................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • BBC SCOTLAND 2007/2008 BBC Scotland Executive Report
    BBC SCOTLAND 2007/2008 BBC Scotland Executive Report 1 Contents Controller’s Overview 2 Television 3 Radio 6 Online & Multiplatform 8 News & Current Affairs 10 Gaelic 12 BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra 14 Children in Need 16 Facts & Figures 17 Get in touch 18 Cover: Mountain Above: Still Game 1 Controller’s Overview Ken MacQuarrie Controller, BBC Scotland When I wrote my Controller’s Overview last year I did so Scottish Broadcasting Commission have seen broadcasting having just moved into our new headquarters at Pacifi c Quay move further into the public spotlight. I fi rmly believe that BBC in Glasgow. Our offi cial opening soon followed and, in the ten Scotland is entering a period of production growth. It has an months since then, we have started to realise some of the important contribution to make to Scotland’s creative sector incredible potential of this building. Indeed many thousands and for that reason I very much welcome the public debate have already been able to attend numerous large scale live which is currently focussed on broadcasting. events right here at Pacifi c Quay in a way that was not possible in Queen Margaret Drive. Now settled in at Pacifi c Quay, we are pushing to deliver a wide variety of creative content from our production centres Although this happened at a time when the BBC as a whole across Scotland over the next few years. In drama, comedy was having to be as effi cient as possible, following the smaller and entertainment, children’s, factual, sport and news, our than expected licence fee settlement, I was excited by the production teams are working on a diverse range of different prospect of creating great content for audiences in Scotland projects for audiences.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014-SCCJR-Annual-Report.Pdf
    (Body Orifice Security Scanner at HMP Low Moss – Image courtesy of Jenny Wicks Photography©) Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research Annual Report April 2013 – March 2014 Contents Welcome and Introduction from SCCJR Co-Directors 3 • Roles of Alcohol in Intimate Partner Abuse (The Scotia Project) Liz Gilchrist, Alasdair Forsyth and Lana Ireland Enhancing Capacity in Crime and Justice Research 5 • Women and Communities: Gendered Conceptualizations of ‘Sectarianism’ Kay Goodall and Margaret Malloch SCCJR Staff Promotions, Awards and Achievements 6 • Evaluating the implementation and impact of the Offensive Behaviour and Threatening Communications (Scotland) 7th SCCJR Annual Lecture, May 2013 7 Act 2012 Niall Hamilton-Smith SCCJR Research Snapshots 8 • The Community Impact of Marches and Parades Niall Hamilton-Smith, Margaret Malloch and Susan Batchelor • An Ethnographic Exploration of a Social Protest Against the • The Whole System Approach for Children and Young People Italian Mafia Baris Cayli who Offend: An Evaluation of Early Stage Implementation • Developing a Professional Qualification for Scottish Prison Sarah MacQueen and Susan McVie Service Staff? A Report on Exploratory Work Richard Sparks, • The Elements of Effective Throughcare Margaret Malloch, Kirstin Anderson, Marguerite Schinkel and Fergus McNeill Gill McIvor, Sarah Armstrong and Marguerite Schinkel • (Re)Imagining Youth: A Comparative Study of Youth Leisure • Domestic Violence and Police/ Victim Interaction in Scotland & Hong Kong Susan Batchelor, Alistair Fraser,
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Thinking Alcohol Licensing
    Re-thinking alcohol licensing Re-thinking alcohol licensing This report has been written by Petrina MacNaughton and Evelyn Gillan with input from members of the expert group on public health and licensing. Alcohol Focus Scotland is Scotland’s national alcohol charity working to reduce the harm caused by alcohol.Our vision is to create a culture where low alcohol consumption is the norm and people who choose not to drink are supported in their choice. www.alcohol-focus-scotland.org.uk Scottish Health Action on Alcohol Problems Scottish Health Action on Alcohol Problems (SHAAP) was established by the Scottish Royal Medical Colleges and Faculties to raise awareness of the nature and extent of harm linked to alcohol use in Scotland, and to campaign for evidence-based measures to reduce this harm. www.shaap.org.uk 3 Preface What is the purpose of alcohol licensing and how do we measure its success? There are 40 licensing boards in operation in Scotland making decisions on applications for licences to sell alcohol. Licensing regulates who can sell alcohol,where it can be sold,the conditions of sale,the hours and days of sale and the total number of outlets permitted to sell alcohol.The licensing system exists because there is a consensus in society that alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. Although widely consumed and enjoyed by many, alcohol is a substance with known toxic, intoxicating and addictive effects. Controlling the availability of alcohol has been a strategy employed by public authorities over many centuries to limit the risk of harm to individuals and society from its use.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dementia Epidemic - Where Scotland Is Now and the Challenge Ahead Acknowledgements
    The Dementia Epidemic - where Scotland is now and the challenge ahead Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the following people to this report. Dr Paul McCrone, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London Professor Martin Prince, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London Andrew White, Scottish Executive, Health Department, Analytical Services Division Jim Jackson, Alzheimer Scotland Maureen Thom, Alzheimer Scotland Lindsay Kinnaird, Alzheimer Scotland Dr John Starr, Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh This report was written by Dr Gillian Wilson and Kate Fearnley, Alzheimer Scotland. Page 01 The Dementia Epidemic - Table of contents where Scotland is now and the challenge ahead Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ________________________________________ 2 1 INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________ 6 1.1 The dementia epidemic ______________________________________________ 6 1.2 Outline of report ___________________________________________________ 7 2 PREVALENCE OF DEMENTIA ___________________________________ 8 2.1 Eurodem and Harvey ________________________________________________ 8 2.2 Global prevalence of dementia _________________________________________ 9 2.3 Dementia UK estimates _____________________________________________ 10 2.3.1 Prevalence of dementia in people under 65 _______________________________________ 11 2.3.2 Prevalence of dementia in people over 65 ________________________________________ 12 2.3.3 Prevalence of dementia in care homes ___________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Esrc Stats Nov 08 Rev Scotland Sect 3
    Dispute Resolution and Avoidance in Education: An overview of the statistics on SEN in England and ASN in Scotland Elisabet Weedon, Sheila Riddell and Michalis Kakos, Centre for Research in Education Inclusion and Diversity, University of Edinburgh Working Paper 2 Introduction The aim of this paper is to provide statistical information on children who have been identified as having special educational needs (SEN) (England) or additional support needs (ASN) (Scotland). The term used in Scotland, ‘additional support needs’, is defined within the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 and covers children who have difficulty in learning for whatever reasons, including adverse social circumstances. More detailed definitions and guidance of interpretation of the act is included in the Supporting Children’s Learning Code of Practice (Scottish Executive, 2005). In England the term ‘special educational needs’ is defined by the Code of Practice on the Identification and Assessment of Special Educational Needs (DfE, 1994), and has a somewhat narrower ambit, referring specifically to children with learning difficulties and disabilities. The Scottish data are drawn from the statistical bulletin Pupils in Scotland, 2007 (Scottish Government, 2008b). The English data are derived from the equivalent statistical bulletin for England, entitled Special Educational Needs in England, January 2007 (DfES, 2007). In addition, data are drawn from the annual reports of the Additional Support Needs Tribunals for Scotland and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal (England). The paper is structured thus: 1. An overview of the total number of pupils with additional support needs/special needs in all publicly funded schools; 2. An examination of English region/local authority and Scottish local authorities data on SEN/ASN; 3.
    [Show full text]
  • End of Life Issues
    End of Life Issues Church of Scotland Church and Society Council Church and Society Council Church of Scotland 121 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 4YN Phone: 0131 225 5722 www.churchofscotland.org.uk Charity Number: SC011353 May 2009 END OF LIFE ISSUES 1. Introduction 1.1 The aim of this report is to consider many of the issues surrounding the end of life. Some of the areas considered are sensitive and emotive. A significant amount of media coverage in the past year has surrounded decisions by individuals to seek assisted death, or to refuse medical treatment. However, one of the great joys which the Christian church has is the responsibility to proclaim the message that there is more to life than simply this life: as Paul says, If for this life only we have hoped in Christ, we are of all people most to be pitied 1 1.2 It is also recognised that the church has the opportunity not only to offer spiritual comfort to those coming towards the end of their lives, but also to ensure that their last days are as fulfilled as possible. 1.3 There is a tendency in much of the public debate on issues surrounding death to infer some ill-defined excellence or worthiness, to refer to “dying with dignity”, when the reality for the carer or onlooker may appear to be the converse. In general by ‘death’ we mean physical death and not spiritual death; in the Old Testament the ideal may be thought of as the death of Abraham, who: breathed his last and died at a good old age, an old man and full of years2, in contradistinction to the many murders and massacres which are recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018) “Education, Disadvantage and Place in Scottish Secondary Education” CRADALL Working Paper CR&DALL WP301/2018, CR&DALL, Glasgow (UK
    ISSN- 2397-057X Working Paper Series WP301/2018 Disadvantage and Place in Scottish Secondary Education Keith Kintrea . School of Social and Political Science, University of Glasgow, UK. To be cited as Kintrea, K. (2018) “Education, Disadvantage and Place in Scottish Secondary Education” CRADALL Working Paper CR&DALL WP301/2018, CR&DALL, Glasgow (UK). Centre for Research & Development in Adult and Lifelong Learning (CR&DALL) Based in the School of Education at the University of Glasgow, CR&DALL pursues a range of research activities which have relevance to the theme of lifelong learning. Our objective is to make a real difference through the contribution that adult education and lifelong learning can make to social justice, social inclusion and poverty reduction - a contribution that has received relatively limited recognition to date. CR&DALL's aim is to conduct inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary research and development activities in adult education and lifelong learning in order to achieve observable impacts with respect to social justice, social inclusion and poverty reduction. CR&DALL pursues a range of research activities which have relevance to the theme of lifelong learning. Currently our research focus includes Citizenship, Civil Society, Community-based Learning, Literacy, Poverty and International Development and Widening Participation. The Working Paper series provides a forum for work in progress which seeks to elicit comments and generate discussion. The series includes academic research by CR&DALL Core Members, Affiliates and Associates, PhD students and invited guest contributors Editor: Dr Muir Houston Editorial board: Prof. Nicki Hedge; Dr Catherine Lido & Dr Kate Reid Working Papers are available in electronic format at http://cradall.org/workingpapers Please address comments and/or queries for information to: CR&DALL St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Opportunities and Challenges of the Changing Public Services Landscape for the Third Sector in Scotland
    The Opportunities and Challenges of the Changing Public Services Landscape for the Third Sector In Scotland: A Longitudinal Study (2009 – 2013) Year 4 and Final Report Public Services and Government THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING PUBLIC SERVICES LANDSCAPE FOR THE THIRD SECTOR IN SCOTLAND: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY (2009 – 2013) YEAR FOUR AND FINAL REPORT Matthew Dutton - Employment Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University Valerie Egdell - Employment Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University Ronald McQuaid - Employment Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University Stephen P. Osborne - Centre for Public Services Research, University of Edinburgh Business School Scottish Government Social Research 2013 1 This report is available on the Scottish Government Publications Website (http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/Recent). The views expressed in this report are those of the researcher and do not necessarily represent those of the Scottish Government or Scottish Ministers. © Crown copyright 2013 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or e-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................. 4 GLOSSARY ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Population Ageing on Housing in Scotland
    THE IMPACT OF POPULATION AGEING ON HOUSING IN SCOTLAND Scottish Government Communities Analytical Services July 2010 Analytical Paper Series Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................3 1 SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................5 2 SECTION TWO: CURRENT ISSUES IN OLDER PEOPLE’S HOUSING ........................5 3 SECTION THREE: UNDERSTANDING POPULATION AGEING FOR HOUSING..........9 4 SECTION FOUR: HOUSING STOCK.............................................................................13 5 SECTION FIVE: SUPPORT AT HOME ..........................................................................19 6 SECTION SIX: ADAPTATIONS......................................................................................24 7 SECTION SEVEN: CONSEQUENCES FOR THE WIDER HOUSING CONTEXT ........31 8 SECTION EIGHT: CONCLUSIONS................................................................................35 9 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................36 2 Executive Summary Population ageing poses a massive challenge to future public service delivery in Scotland, particularly to many areas of housing policy. The main impacts are on changing demands for housing supply and the housing stock; in support for people to remain at home; and on adaptations to housing stock. Each of these types of housing needs is projected to rise
    [Show full text]
  • Sofwh Summary Report
    Scottish Observatory for Work and Health University of Glasgow Year 1 Summary and Key Findings June 2009 Judith Brown David Webster James Arnott Ivan Turok Ewan Macdonald Richard Mitchell Contact: Judith Brown Public Health & Health Policy 1 Lilybank Gardens University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8RZ [email protected] 1 Scottish Observatory for Work and Health Year 1 Summary and Key Findings 1. The bath water diagrams detail the incapacity benefit (IB) stock population (those claiming IB at any given time), the on flow (those starting to claim IB) and the off flow (those whose claim has terminated) in a given year. The stock population are represented by the amount of bath water. The on and off flow populations are represented by the tap water and the outflow respectively. Bath water diagrams are shown for 2000 and 2007 for Scotland, local authorities (Glasgow City, North Lanarkshire, South Lanarkshire, East Lothian, Edinburgh City, Midlothian and West Lothian) and community health (and care) partnership areas (East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Inverclyde, Renfrewshire, West Dunbartonshire and East, North, South East, South West and West Glasgow). They show that the decrease in the stock population is mainly due to decreases in the on flow rather than increases in the off flow. IB stock, on flow and off flow in Scotland 2000 2007 83,480 66,480 335,770 305,800 (-9%) 81,870 74,760 2. IB rates are shown from 2000 to 2007 in Scotland, Glasgow, North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire and are expressed as the number of IB claimants as a percent of the working age population (WAP).
    [Show full text]