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Verbitsky, Horacio HORACIO VERBITSKY EL VUELO PLANETA Espejo de la Argentina PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/3aeefc/ Horacio Verbitsky El vuelo ESPEJO DE LA ARGENTINA Edición a cargo de Lilia Ferreyra Diseño de cubierta: Mario Blanco Diseño de interior: Alejandro Ulloa Segunda edición: marzo de 1995 © 1995, Horacio Verbitsky Derechos exclusivos de edición en castellano reservados para todo el mundo: © 1995, Editorial Planeta Argentina S.A.I.C. Independencia 1668, Buenos Aires © 1995, Grupo Editorial Planeta ISBN 950-742-608-6 Hecho el depósito que prevé la ley 11.723 Impreso en la Argentina Ninguna parte de esta publicación, incluido el diseño de la cubierta, puede ser reproducida, almacenada o transmitida en manera alguna ni por ningún medio, ya sea eléctrico, químico, mecánico, óptico, de grabación o de fotocopia, sin permiso previo del editor. 2 PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/3aeefc/ Horacio Verbitsky El vuelo ÍNDICE I LA CONFESIÓN ...................................................................................... 6 DIGAMOS LA VERDAD......................................................................... 7 ELOGIO DE LA TORTURA.................................................................. 10 UNA MUERTE CRISTIANA................................................................. 13 TIERRA DE SOMBRAS......................................................................... 29 COMO LA REALIDAD.......................................................................... 35 II LA NEGACIÓN .................................................................................... 39 LA MENTIRA INSTITUCIONAL ......................................................... 40 BOOMERANG........................................................................................ 43 LA DESINFECCIÓN .............................................................................. 47 UN HUMANISTA DE UNIFORME ...................................................... 51 TODOS O NINGUNO............................................................................. 61 MODUS OPERANDI.............................................................................. 63 III LA ALIENACIÓN............................................................................... 67 EL PLATO............................................................................................... 68 UN TEMA SIN IMPORTANCIA ........................................................... 72 IV ANEXOS DOCUMENTALES ........................................................... 74 LA COMISIÓN DE ACUERDOS .......................................................... 75 TESTIMONIO DE PERNÍAS EN EL SENADO ................................... 76 TESTIMONIO DE ROLON EN EL SENADO ...................................... 82 LA CARTA DOCUMENTO A MOLINA PICO.................................... 87 LA CARTA A VIDELA.......................................................................... 88 LA PRIMERA CARTA A FERRER....................................................... 90 LA SEGUNDA CARTA A FERRER ..................................................... 92 LA CARTA A MENEM.......................................................................... 94 EL PEDIDO DE PRÓRROGA................................................................ 96 LA NEGATIVA....................................................................................... 97 EL PLATO A SCILINGO ....................................................................... 98 LA SOLICITUD DE RECONSIDERACIÓN......................................... 99 LA RECONSIDERACIÓN ................................................................... 102 EL PARTE MÉDICO ............................................................................ 103 V NOTAS ................................................................................................. 104 3 PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/3aeefc/ Horacio Verbitsky El vuelo "History is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake." JAMES JOYCE , Ulysses 4 PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/3aeefc/ Horacio Verbitsky El vuelo A mi hermana Alicia 5 PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/3aeefc/ Horacio Verbitsky El vuelo I La confesión 6 PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/3aeefc/ Horacio Verbitsky El vuelo DIGAMOS LA VERDAD —Yo estuve en la ESMA. Quiero hablar con usted —dijo. Bajo, de nariz grande y bigotes, de unos 45 años. Con pantalón azul, camisa a rayas de manga corta y un portafolios barato, se parecía a tantos otros sobrevivientes de los campos clandestinos de concentración de la dictadura militar que corren de un lado a otro para ganarse la vida, sin desasirse de aquel mal sueño. —No. Usted me entendió mal. Yo soy compañero de Rolón—aclaró. El capitán de fragata Juan Carlos Rolón fue uno de los oficiales de Inteligencia de la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada y junto con su camarada Antonio Pernías desató una de las mayores crisis políticas de 1994. El presidente Carlos Menem decidió ascenderlos a capitán de navío, pero el día en que el Senado debía darles el acuerdo la prensa difundió sus antecedentes. La Justicia había arrestado a Pernías en 1987 por torturar a las monjas francesas Alice Domon y Leonie Duquet y a otros nueve detenidos. Varios de ellos también lo oyeron jactarse por la masacre de los sacerdotes de la Iglesia de San Patricio, otro de los casos más estremecedores de la década del 70. Rolón fue investigado por el secuestro que terminó con la muerte de Mónica Jáuregui y dirigió la sección de Inteligencia de la ESMA que intentó lavar el cerebro de un grupo de prisioneros para que, bajo amenaza de muerte, efectuaran tareas intelectuales en favor de la carrera política del almirante Emilio Massera. La ley de Punto Final impidió que Rolón fuera procesado. Pernías recuperó su libertad gracias a la de Obediencia Debida. La Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas tenía más denuncias en sus registros: Pernías y Rolón habían intentado secuestrar en Venezuela al ex dirigente de la Confederación General Económica Julio Broner. Pernías planeaba disparar dardos embebidos en una droga, que paralizarían a la víctima. Para determinar la dosis exacta, probaba sus dardos contra un prisionero, que nunca reapareció con vida. También fue instructor en un curso sobre "lucha antisubversiva" para torturadores del Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Brasil y Guatemala y montó una inmobiliaria para vender los inmuebles saqueados a los detenidos. Hasta ahí, el forcejeo no difería de los que se sucedieron desde que terminó la dictadura cada vez que el Poder Ejecutivo remitía los pliegos de ascensos. La prensa los examinaba con lupa y los organismos de derechos humanos comunicaban sus objeciones al Senado, que también recibía la presión contraria del gobierno y los Estados Mayores. Pero esta vez hubo una diferencia. Pernías y Rolón se sintieron abandonados por la Armada, decidieron hablar y desataron una reacción en cadena. Pernías reconoció a la tortura como el arma escogida de una guerra sin leyes, admitió la actuación de la Armada en el secuestro y asesinato de las monjas francesas y sugirió que a los curas palotinos los había matado la Policía Federal. Rolón fue más elíptico. Dijo que no daría bajo ninguna circunstancia órdenes como las que obedeció y que "fueron equivocadas", pero impartidas por "superiores que ahora son almirantes con acuerdo del Senado". Además hizo saber que nadie quedó al margen porque la Armada dispuso que todos los oficiales rotaran por los grupos de tareas. —¿No le parece una hijaputez lo que están haciendo con Rolón? —preguntó el hombre del portafolios barato. —¿En qué sentido? —siguió el diálogo de preguntas y preguntas. —¿O usted cree que Rolón actuó por propia iniciativa, que éramos una banda? —desafió. —¿Y qué eran, si no una banda? —¿Una banda puede disponer de las instalaciones de la Armada, mover aviones? —¿Aviones? Abrió el portafolios y extrajo una fotocopia: 7 PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/3aeefc/ Horacio Verbitsky El vuelo —Lea esto. Le va a interesar. Era una carta documento dirigida al jefe de Estado Mayor de la Armada, almirante Enrique Emilio Molina Pico: si la comisión de acuerdos del Senado negaba los ascensos a Pernías y Rolón cometería una injusticia por desconocimiento, decía. Por eso la Armada debía informar "a la ciudadanía y en especial a los señores senadores, cuáles fueron los métodos que la superioridad ordenó emplear en la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada para detener, interrogar y eliminar al enemigo durante la guerra contra la subversión y, en caso de existir, el listado de los mal llamados desaparecidos". —¿Eliminar al enemigo? —Termine de leer. "Estando de pase en la ESMA cumplí órdenes de superiores que ahora son señores almirantes con acuerdo del Honorable Senado de la Nación". —Son las mismas palabras de Rolón. —Siga leyendo. "Informo que en caso de negarse los acuerdos de marras, solicitaré una profunda investigación judicial para que definitivamente la verdad triunfe sobre la hipocresía". Firmaba el capitán de corbeta Adolfo Francisco Scilingo. —Acá tengo el remito firmado por el custodio de Videla —siguió. Cuando Menem indultó a los ex comandantes y Jorge Videla exigió una reivindicación, Scilingo llevó personalmente otra carta a su casa. —Léala pero no se preocupe por retener detalles, porque le voy a dejar una copia. Usted va a ver que hicimos cosas peores que los nazis. Su texto es escalofriante: "En 1977, siendo Teniente de navío, estando destinado en la Escuela de Mecánica, con dependencia operativa del Primer Cuerpo de Ejército, siendo usted el Comandante
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