PROVIDING A SAFE AND PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE CHILD Our Collective Responsibility ADDITIONAL TRAINING MODULE & ACTIVITY FACILITATION GUIDE ON ADOLESCENCE, SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, GENDER, AND SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE (SGBV) PROVIDING A SAFE AND PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE CHILD Our Collective Responsibility ADDITIONAL TRAINING MODULE & ACTIVITY FACILITATION GUIDE ON ADOLESCENCE, SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, GENDER, AND SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE (SGBV) ADDITIONAL TRAINING MODULE & ACTIVITY FACILITATION GUIDE ON ADOLESCENCE, SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, GENDER AND SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE (SGBV) © 2018 All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced, as a whole or in part, provided that acknowledgement of the sources is made. Notification of such would be appreciated. Published by: UNICEF Ghana and Department of Community Development of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development For further information and request for copies, contact: UNICEF Ghana Child Protection Programme 4-8 Rangoon Close, Cantonments P.O. Box AN 5051, Accra-North Accra, Ghana Telephone: +233 302 7725 24 www.unicef.org Department of Community Development (Head Office) P.O. Box MB 266 Accra, Ghana UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to Accelerate Action to End Child Marriage in Ghana Table of Contents DEFINITIONS AND 1.4 SESSION 4: PROTECTING 01 TERMINOLOGIES 61 ADOLESCENT’S HEALTH AND WELLBEING INTRODUCTION AND 03 BACKGROUND 1.5 SESSION 5: CHILD 70 ONLINE PROTECTION PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES 04 OF THE MANUAL 1.6 SESSION 6: MONITORING 80 ACTIONS FOR BETTER RESULTS IN THE PROTECTION OF ADOLESCENTS PART I - TRAINING MODULE 05 ON ADOLESCENCE, SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, PART II - FACILITATION GENDER AND SEXUAL AND 83 GUIDE FOR ACTIVITIES ON GENDER BASED VIOLENCE ADOLESCENCE, SEXUAL AND (SGBV) REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, 1.0 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF GENDER AND SEXUAL AND 05 THIS MODULE GENDER BASED VIOLENCE (SGBV) 1.1 SESSION 1: ADOLESCENT 2.0 INTRODUCTION 07 DEVELOPMENT: A TIME OF RISKS 83 AND OPPORTUNITIES A. GUIDELINES FOR USING THE 1.2 SESSION 2: UNPACKING 84 ADDITIONAL TOOLS 27 GENDER AND INTERSECTIONS WITH ADOLESCENCE B. SETTING THE STAGE - TO BE 84 GENDER AND AGE RESPONSIVE 1.3. SESSION 3: CHILD 37 MARRIAGE, TEENAGE PREGNANCY, FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING (FGM/C) AND SGBV CONCERNS ADDITIONAL MODULE ON ADOLESCENCE, SRH, GENDER, SGBV iii 2.1 ACTIVITIES AND I. WHO DOES WHAT GAME? 88 GAMES FOR ENGAGING 106 ADOLESCENTS J. WHO DO YOU TRUST (THE 108 BLINDFOLD GAME) A. THE ADOLESCENT’S JOURNEY 88 K. ADOLESCENTS’ ONLINE 109 SAFETY B. PUBERTY AND SEXUAL 91 DEVELOPMENT OF 2.2 TOOLS AND EXERCISES ADOLESCENTS 112 FOR ENGAGING FAMILY AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS C. MENSTRUAL HYGIENE 94 MANAGEMENT D. ADOLESCENT PROTECTION 97 ISSUES A. ADOLESCENTS E. THE PROTECTION SNAKE AND DEVELOPMENT LADDER 99 LADDER GAME 112 B. PUBERTY AND SEXUAL F. THE SPOONFUL OF LIFE GAME 101 116 DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS G. THE GAME ON HOW 103 ALCOHOL FEELS C. FRIENDLY CONVERSATION 119 WITH ADOLESCENTS H. THE MODEL OF PERFECTION 104 ACTIVITY D. THE GENDER/AGE POWER 120 WALK ACTIVITY E. SUPPORTING THE 123 ADOLESCENT MOTHER F. PROMOTING BIRTH 125 REGISTRATION 2.3 SUGGESTIONS FOR 128 USING EXISTING TOOLS TO DISCUSS ISSUES OF GENDER, ADOLESCENCE, ASRH, SGBV 131 REFERENCES iv ADDITIONAL MODULE ON ADOLESCENCE, SRH, GENDER, SGBV DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGIES A. Definition of An Adolescent: E. Child and Adolescent Protection 4 According to United Nations/World Health System Strengthening : Organization definition an adolescent is a Effective child and adolescent protection child between the age of 10 and 19 years. 1. systems rely on the following elements: (i) appropriate policies, legislation and B. Child (and Adolescent) Abuse: regulations; (ii) well-defined structures and functions and adequate capacities; (iii) According to the WHO definition, child (and supportive social norms; (iv) high quality adolescent) abuse (or child maltreatment) evidence and data for decision-making; and constitutes all forms of physical and/or (v) efficient fiscal management and sufficient emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect resource allocation. System strengthening or negligent treatment or commercial or other occurs when efforts are being made to exploitation, resulting in actual or potential improve the functioning of all elements in a harm to the child’s (or the adolescents’) coordinated and systematic manner. health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power2. F. Children’s (and Adolescents’) Rights: C. Child (and Adolescent) Children’s (and adolescents’) rights are the Participation human rights of children (and adolescents) as stipulated in the Convention on the Rights This is making a conscious effort to engage of the Child. The Convention is the most children (or adolescents) to take part in comprehensive human rights instrument decisions and activities that affect their and outlines the four categories of rights as: lives according to their evolving capacities the child’s (and adolescents’) right to survival, such as thinking for themselves, expressing development, participation and protection. their views effectively, and interacting in a positive way with other people. G. Discrimination Against D. Child (and Adolescent) protection3 Women and Girls Any distinction, exclusion or restriction Child (adolescent) protection is the term used to made on the basis of sex that has the effect describe the philosophies, policies, strategies, of purpose of impairing or nullifying the standards, guidelines and procedures to recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women protect children and adolescents from all and girls (including adolescents), irrespective forms of intentional and un-intentional harm. of their marital status, on the basis of equality It is the act of safeguarding the right of all of men and women, (boys and girls) of human children and adolescents to a life free from rights and fundamental freedom in the violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect. The political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any many actors engaged in child and adolescent other field. protection include children, adolescents and youth, families, communities, government, civil society and private organizations. 1 Adolescence an age of opportunity, the State of the World’s Children 2011, UNICEF 2 WHO Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention, 1999, as sited in the World report on Violence and Health, WHO 2002 3 Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 4 Ghana Government Child and family Welfare Policy, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, November 2014 ADDITIONAL MODULE ON ADOLESCENCE, SRH, GENDER, SGBV 1 H. Gender J. Women’s and Girls’ Empowerment The social attributes and opportunities Certain attributes, characteristics and associated with being male and female and opportunities support girls and women’s the relationships between girls, boys, women empowerment, including: women’s and and men, as well as the relations between girls’ sense of self-worth; their right to have women or girls and those between men or and to determine their choices, their right to boys. These attributes, opportunities and have access to opportunities and resources; relationships are socially constructed; are their right to have the power to control their learned through the socialization process; and own lives, both within and outside the home; are context/time-specific and changeable. and their ability to express their opinions Gender determines what is expected, allowed and concerns and influence the direction of and valued in a woman or a man (or in a girl cultural, social and economic change in an or a boy) in a given context, at a specific point equitable fashion5. in time. K. Gender-based Violence6 I. Gender Equality Any act of violence that results in, or is likely The equal rights, responsibilities and to result in, physical, sexual, emotional or opportunities of girls, boys, women and men. psychological harm or suffering to girls, boys, Equality does not mean that women/girls women and men, including threats of such and men/boys will become the same but acts, on the basis of a specific gender, whether that rights, responsibilities, and opportunities occurring in private or public life. A form of will not depend on whether an individual is discrimination, that seriously inhibits one born male or female. Gender equality means sex group’s (e.g. women/girls) ability to enjoy that the interests, needs and priorities of rights and freedoms on a basis of equality girls, women, boys and men are taken into with the other sex group (e.g. men/boys). consideration – recognizing the diverse and peculiar requirements and needs of the various groups 5 UN Secretariat, Inter-agency Taskforce on the Implementation of the International Conference on Population and Development’s Programme of Action, ‘Guidelines on Women’s Empowerment’ 6 UNFPA Strategy and Framework for Action to Addressing Gender-based Violence, 2008-2011 2 ADDITIONAL MODULE ON ADOLESCENCE, SRH, GENDER, SGBV INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND n Ghana, whether within families, well as behavioural and social change are all communities, schools or other institutions, important elements that must come together maltreatment against children and in a coordinated, systematic way. adolescents is well documented. Corporal Ipunishment is widely used in homes and The system approach to child protection schools as a commonly accepted method aims to promote protection,