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Assessment of Water Scarcity and Distribution in Arumeru District -Tanzania

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Assessment of Water Scarcity and Distribution in Arumeru District -Tanzania ASSESSMENT OF WATER SCARCITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN ARUMERU DISTRICT -TANZANIA BY MESHACK ELPHACE BAE/12064/61/DF A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH EDUCATION OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JANUARY 2009 DECLARATION I Meshack Elphace, Registration number BAE/12064/61/DF declare that the work presented in this dissertation is my own and has never been presented in any university or institution. N\ta ttfteb( j:=k,P A-Cf; Name ---------- ------- ------------ -----------rt-- ----------- Signature ----.---------~~-------------- i l 1 <l o.,o o 7 . Date --- -------------------~~ -or-------- --------------------- 11 APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION This is to acknowledge that, this dissertation entitled "ASSESSMENT OF WATER SCARCITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN ARUMERU DISTRICT TANZANIA" has been approved under my supervision and ready for submission for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Arts with education of Kampala International University. ~ Signatar eC -::::::::::::.. _- ------------- ----------- -------- Date --~~ _Jg~J~j ___ -------------------- -- -- -- --- ---- lll DEDICATION This research is dedicated to my wife Elizabeth Meshack, my child Shadrack Meshack, my parents Elphace Lembalai and Bertha Elphace, my brothers Lazaro Elphace, Micheal, Petro Elphace and my sisters Anne, Lilly, Joyce, Einoth Ndavu and Rizick. All you are a great aspiration to my life. Special thanks go to them for their moral and financial support they offered me through out the three years that finally made this research successful. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my thanks to the almighty God for granting me health and all those who assisted me materially and morally to be able to complete this research successfully. Special thanks to my supervisor Mr. Kamulegeya Siraje whose guidance advice and effort made this dissertation a success. I would like also to express my gratitude Elizabeth Edward, Michael E. Molla[, Nyangusi Mathias, Lazaro Elphace, Elphace Sembalai and Petro Elphace for their support, suggestions ideas and encouragement. I am highly indebted to the various persons of Arusha especially Arumeru district and the local people of various areas within Arumeru who responded my research questionnaires and interview, their valuable information helped me to accomplish the requirements for the research objectives. V TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .................................................................................................................. ii APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION ........................................................................................ iii DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF PLATES .............................................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... x 1.0 CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................... 1 Background to the Study ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ..................................................................................... 3 1. 3 Purpose of the study .......................................................................................... 4 1.4 Objectives of the study ..................................................................................... 4 1.5 Research questions ............................................................................................ 4 1.6 scope of the study ................................................................................................... 5 1. 7 Significance of the study .................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................. 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 6 2. 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Sources of water ....................................................................· .................................. 6 2.2 water scarcity and its causes ............................................................................... 6 2.3 water scarcity and its effects ............................................................................... 7 2.4 solutions to water scarcity.................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER THREE .............................................................................................................. 9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................... 9 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Research design .................................................................................................. 9 3.3 Area of study and study population ............................................................... 9 3.4 Sample size and sampling techniques ........................................................... 9 3.5 Data collection techniques ............................................................................. 10 3.5.1 Questionnaires ............................................................... ,.................................. 10 3.5.2 Interviews ........................................................................................................... 10 3.5.3 Observation and photograph ......................................................................... 10 3.5.4 Secondary data .................................................................................................. 11 3.6 Data analysis ...................................................................................................... 11 3.6 Limitation of the study .................................................................................... 11 VI CHAPTER FOUR .............................................................................................................. 12 PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS ...................................................... 12 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 12 4.1.1 The main source of water .............................................................................. 12 4.1.2 The main source of water and its uses ....................................................... 13 4.2.2 Causes of water scarcity in Arumeru district ............................................. 14 4.2.1 Effects of human activities on water scarcity in Arumeru district ...... 15 4.2.2 Awareness about forest reserves and importance ................................... 17 4.3 Effects of water scarcity in Arumeru district ............................................ 17 4.3.1 Effect of water scarcity to the indigenous of Arumeru district .......... 21 CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................................ 23 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................. 23 5. 1 conclusions .............................................................................................................. 23 5.2 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 24 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 26 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................... 28 QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................................................................. 28 Vll LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table 1. Types of water sources 15 Table 2. The main uses of water 17 Table 3. Awareness about causes of water scarcity 17 Table 4. Effects of human activities on water scarcity 19 Table 5. Importance of forest reserves 20 Table 6. Animals affected due to water scarcity 21 Table 7. Women affected due to water scarcity. 24 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE Figure 1. A pie chart showing types of water sources 16 Figure 2. A pie chart showing effects of human activities On water scarcity in Arumeru 19 Figure 3. A bar chart showing the number of animals lost 22 Due to water scarcity Vlll LIST OF PLATES PLATE PAGE Plate 1. Showing the cow died due to 22 Water scarcity/lack of water Plate 2. Showing a flock of cattle in Migration from Arumeru to
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