1. Introduction to the Common Language Infrastructure
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Non-Invasive Software Transactional Memory on Top of the Common Language Runtime
University of Neuchâtel Computer Science Department (IIUN) Master of Science in Computer Science Non-Invasive Software Transactional Memory on top of the Common Language Runtime Florian George Supervised by Prof. Pascal Felber Assisted by Patrick Marlier August 16, 2010 This page is intentionally left blank Table of contents 1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 3 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 3 State of the art .................................................................................................................................... 6 4 The Common Language Infrastructure .................................................................................. 7 4.1 Overview of the Common Language Infrastructure ................................... 8 4.2 Common Language Runtime.................................................................................. 9 4.3 Virtual Execution System ........................................................................................ 9 4.4 Common Type System ........................................................................................... 10 4.5 Common Intermediate Language ..................................................................... 12 4.6 Common Language Specification..................................................................... -
Ironpython in Action
IronPytho IN ACTION Michael J. Foord Christian Muirhead FOREWORD BY JIM HUGUNIN MANNING IronPython in Action Download at Boykma.Com Licensed to Deborah Christiansen <[email protected]> Download at Boykma.Com Licensed to Deborah Christiansen <[email protected]> IronPython in Action MICHAEL J. FOORD CHRISTIAN MUIRHEAD MANNING Greenwich (74° w. long.) Download at Boykma.Com Licensed to Deborah Christiansen <[email protected]> For online information and ordering of this and other Manning books, please visit www.manning.com. The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity. For more information, please contact Special Sales Department Manning Publications Co. Sound View Court 3B fax: (609) 877-8256 Greenwich, CT 06830 email: [email protected] ©2009 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in the book, and Manning Publications was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is Manning’s policy to have the books we publish printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end. Recognizing also our responsibility to conserve the resources of our planet, Manning books are printed on paper that is at least 15% recycled and processed without the use of elemental chlorine. -
An Execution Model for Serverless Functions at the Edge
An Execution Model for Serverless Functions at the Edge Adam Hall Umakishore Ramachandran Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta, Georgia ach@gatech:edu rama@gatech:edu ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Serverless computing platforms allow developers to host single- Enabling next generation technologies such as self-driving cars or purpose applications that automatically scale with demand. In con- smart cities via edge computing requires us to reconsider the way trast to traditional long-running applications on dedicated, virtu- we characterize and deploy the services supporting those technolo- alized, or container-based platforms, serverless applications are gies. Edge/fog environments consist of many micro data centers intended to be instantiated when called, execute a single function, spread throughout the edge of the network. This is in stark contrast and shut down when finished. State-of-the-art serverless platforms to the cloud, where we assume the notion of unlimited resources achieve these goals by creating a new container instance to host available in a few centralized data centers. These micro data center a function when it is called and destroying the container when it environments must support large numbers of Internet of Things completes. This design allows for cost and resource savings when (IoT) devices on limited hardware resources, processing the mas- hosting simple applications, such as those supporting IoT devices sive amounts of data those devices generate while providing quick at the edge of the network. However, the use of containers intro- decisions to inform their actions [44]. One solution to supporting duces some overhead which may be unsuitable for applications emerging technologies at the edge lies in serverless computing. -
CLS Compliance Rules
Language Independence and Language-Independent Components https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/12a7a7h3(d=printer,v=vs.110).aspx Language Independence and Language- Independent Components .NET Framework (current version) The .NET Framework is language independent. This means that, as a developer, you can develop in one of the many languages that target the .NET Framework, such as C#, C++/CLI, Eiffel, F#, IronPython, IronRuby, PowerBuilder, Visual Basic, Visual COBOL, and Windows PowerShell. You can access the types and members of class libraries developed for the .NET Framework without having to know the language in which they were originally written and without having to follow any of the original language's conventions. If you are a component developer, your component can be accessed by any .NET Framework app regardless of its language. Note This first part of this article discusses creating language-independent components—that is, components that can be consumed by apps that are written in any language. You can also create a single component or app from source code written in multiple languages; see Cross-Language Interoperability in the second part of this article. To fully interact with other objects written in any language, objects must expose to callers only those features that are common to all languages. This common set of features is defined by the Common Language Specification (CLS), which is a set of rules that apply to generated assemblies. The Common Language Specification is defined in Partition I, Clauses 7 through 11 of the ECMA-335 Standard: Common Language Infrastructure . If your component conforms to the Common Language Specification, it is guaranteed to be CLS-compliant and can be accessed from code in assemblies written in any programming language that supports the CLS. -
Toward IFVM Virtual Machine: a Model Driven IFML Interpretation
Toward IFVM Virtual Machine: A Model Driven IFML Interpretation Sara Gotti and Samir Mbarki MISC Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco Keywords: Interaction Flow Modelling Language IFML, Model Execution, Unified Modeling Language (UML), IFML Execution, Model Driven Architecture MDA, Bytecode, Virtual Machine, Model Interpretation, Model Compilation, Platform Independent Model PIM, User Interfaces, Front End. Abstract: UML is the first international modeling language standardized since 1997. It aims at providing a standard way to visualize the design of a system, but it can't model the complex design of user interfaces and interactions. However, according to MDA approach, it is necessary to apply the concept of abstract models to user interfaces too. IFML is the OMG adopted (in March 2013) standard Interaction Flow Modeling Language designed for abstractly expressing the content, user interaction and control behaviour of the software applications front-end. IFML is a platform independent language, it has been designed with an executable semantic and it can be mapped easily into executable applications for various platforms and devices. In this article we present an approach to execute the IFML. We introduce a IFVM virtual machine which translate the IFML models into bytecode that will be interpreted by the java virtual machine. 1 INTRODUCTION a fundamental standard fUML (OMG, 2011), which is a subset of UML that contains the most relevant The software development has been affected by the part of class diagrams for modeling the data apparition of the MDA (OMG, 2015) approach. The structure and activity diagrams to specify system trend of the 21st century (BRAMBILLA et al., behavior; it contains all UML elements that are 2014) which has allowed developers to build their helpful for the execution of the models. -
A Brief History of Just-In-Time Compilation
A Brief History of Just-In-Time JOHN AYCOCK University of Calgary Software systems have been using “just-in-time” compilation (JIT) techniques since the 1960s. Broadly, JIT compilation includes any translation performed dynamically, after a program has started execution. We examine the motivation behind JIT compilation and constraints imposed on JIT compilation systems, and present a classification scheme for such systems. This classification emerges as we survey forty years of JIT work, from 1960–2000. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.3.4 [Programming Languages]: Processors; K.2 [History of Computing]: Software General Terms: Languages, Performance Additional Key Words and Phrases: Just-in-time compilation, dynamic compilation 1. INTRODUCTION into a form that is executable on a target platform. Those who cannot remember the past are con- What is translated? The scope and na- demned to repeat it. ture of programming languages that re- George Santayana, 1863–1952 [Bartlett 1992] quire translation into executable form covers a wide spectrum. Traditional pro- This oft-quoted line is all too applicable gramming languages like Ada, C, and in computer science. Ideas are generated, Java are included, as well as little lan- explored, set aside—only to be reinvented guages [Bentley 1988] such as regular years later. Such is the case with what expressions. is now called “just-in-time” (JIT) or dy- Traditionally, there are two approaches namic compilation, which refers to trans- to translation: compilation and interpreta- lation that occurs after a program begins tion. Compilation translates one language execution. into another—C to assembly language, for Strictly speaking, JIT compilation sys- example—with the implication that the tems (“JIT systems” for short) are com- translated form will be more amenable pletely unnecessary. -
A Parallel Program Execution Model Supporting Modular Software Construction
A Parallel Program Execution Model Supporting Modular Software Construction Jack B. Dennis Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 U.S.A. [email protected] Abstract as a guide for computer system design—follows from basic requirements for supporting modular software construction. A watershed is near in the architecture of computer sys- The fundamental theme of this paper is: tems. There is overwhelming demand for systems that sup- port a universal format for computer programs and software The architecture of computer systems should components so users may benefit from their use on a wide reflect the requirements of the structure of pro- variety of computing platforms. At present this demand is grams. The programming interface provided being met by commodity microprocessors together with stan- should address software engineering issues, in dard operating system interfaces. However, current systems particular, the ability to practice the modular do not offer a standard API (application program interface) construction of software. for parallel programming, and the popular interfaces for parallel computing violate essential principles of modular The positions taken in this presentation are contrary to or component-based software construction. Moreover, mi- much conventional wisdom, so I have included a ques- croprocessor architecture is reaching the limit of what can tion/answer dialog at appropriate places to highlight points be done usefully within the framework of superscalar and of debate. We start with a discussion of the nature and VLIW processor models. The next step is to put several purpose of a program execution model. Our Parallelism processors (or the equivalent) on a single chip. -
CNT6008 Network Programming Module - 11 Objectives
CNT6008 Network Programming Module - 11 Objectives Skills/Concepts/Assignments Objectives ASP.NET Overview • Learn the Framework • Understand the different platforms • Compare to Java Platform Final Project Define your final project requirements Section 21 – Web App Read Sections 21 and 27, pages 649 to 694 and 854 Development and ASP.NET to 878. Section 27 – Web App Development with ASP.NET Overview of ASP.NET Section Goals Goal Course Presentation Understanding Windows Understanding .NET Framework Foundation Project Concepts Creating a ASP.NET Client and Server Application Understanding the Visual Creating a ASP Project Studio Development Environment .NET – What Is It? • Software platform • Language neutral • In other words: • .NET is not a language (Runtime and a library for writing and executing written programs in any compliant language) What Is .NET • .Net is a new framework for developing web-based and windows-based applications within the Microsoft environment. • The framework offers a fundamental shift in Microsoft strategy: it moves application development from client-centric to server- centric. .NET – What Is It? .NET Application .NET Framework Operating System + Hardware Framework, Languages, And Tools VB VC++ VC# JScript … Common Language Specification Visual Studio.NET Visual ASP.NET: Web Services Windows and Web Forms Forms ADO.NET: Data and XML Base Class Library Common Language Runtime The .NET Framework .NET Framework Services • Common Language Runtime • Windows Communication Framework (WCF) • Windows® Forms • ASP.NET (Active Server Pages) • Web Forms • Web Services • ADO.NET, evolution of ADO • Visual Studio.NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) • CLR works like a virtual machine in executing all languages. • All .NET languages must obey the rules and standards imposed by CLR. -
The CLR's Execution Model
C01621632.fm Page 3 Thursday, January 12, 2006 3:49 PM Chapter 1 The CLR’s Execution Model In this chapter: Compiling Source Code into Managed Modules . 3 Combining Managed Modules into Assemblies . 6 Loading the Common Language Runtime. 8 Executing Your Assembly’s Code. 11 The Native Code Generator Tool: NGen.exe . 19 Introducing the Framework Class Library . 22 The Common Type System. 24 The Common Language Specification . 26 Interoperability with Unmanaged Code. 30 The Microsoft .NET Framework introduces many new concepts, technologies, and terms. My goal in this chapter is to give you an overview of how the .NET Framework is designed, intro- duce you to some of the new technologies the framework includes, and define many of the terms you’ll be seeing when you start using it. I’ll also take you through the process of build- ing your source code into an application or a set of redistributable components (files) that contain types (classes, structures, etc.) and then explain how your application will execute. Compiling Source Code into Managed Modules OK, so you’ve decided to use the .NET Framework as your development platform. Great! Your first step is to determine what type of application or component you intend to build. Let’s just assume that you’ve completed this minor detail; everything is designed, the specifications are written, and you’re ready to start development. Now you must decide which programming language to use. This task is usually difficult because different languages offer different capabilities. For example, in unmanaged C/C++, you have pretty low-level control of the system. -
Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) Partitions I to IV
Standard ECMA-335 December 2001 Standardizing Information and Communication Systems Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) Partitions I to IV Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http://www.ecma.ch - Internet: [email protected] Standard ECMA-335 December 2001 Standardizing Information and Communication Systems Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) Partitions I to IV Partition I : Concepts and Architecture Partition II : Metadata Definition and Semantics Partition III : CLI Instruction Set Partition IV : Profiles and Libraries Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http://www.ecma.ch - Internet: [email protected] mb - Ecma-335-Part-I-IV.doc - 16.01.2002 16:02 Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) Partition I: Concepts and Architecture - i - Table of Contents 1Scope 1 2 Conformance 2 3 References 3 4 Glossary 4 5 Overview of the Common Language Infrastructure 19 5.1 Relationship to Type Safety 19 5.2 Relationship to Managed Metadata-driven Execution 20 5.2.1 Managed Code 20 5.2.2 Managed Data 21 5.2.3 Summary 21 6 Common Language Specification (CLS) 22 6.1 Introduction 22 6.2 Views of CLS Compliance 22 6.2.1 CLS Framework 22 6.2.2 CLS Consumer 22 6.2.3 CLS Extender 23 6.3 CLS Compliance 23 6.3.1 Marking Items as CLS-Compliant 24 7 Common Type System 25 7.1 Relationship to Object-Oriented Programming 27 7.2 Values and Types 27 7.2.1 Value Types and Reference Types 27 7.2.2 Built-in Types 27 7.2.3 Classes, Interfaces and Objects 28 7.2.4 Boxing and Unboxing of Values 29 7.2.5 Identity and Equality of Values 29 -
Programming for Application Development (R18) IV- I Sem
Programming for Application Development (R18) IV- I Sem DIGITAL NOTES ON Programming for Application Development (R18A1206) B.TECH IV YEAR - I SEM (2021-22) DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India) (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Hakimpet), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, INDIA. Dept. of Information Technology, MRCET Programming for Application Development (R18) IV- I Sem (R18A1206) PROGRAMMING FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT Course Objectives: 1. To get an overview of the various technologies, which can help in the implementation of the various liveProject. 2. To Understand the Basic Concepts ofC# 3. To Understand the Exception HandlingMechanisms 4. To Understand the Various Concepts of .netAssemblies UNIT I: MS.NET Framework Introduction: The .NET Framework - an Overview- Framework Components – Framework Versions-Types of Applications ,MS.NET Namespaces - MSIL / Metadata and PE files- Common Language Runtime (CLR) - Managed Code -MS.NET Memory Management / Garbage Collection -Common Type System (CTS) - Common Language Specification (CLS)- Types of JIT Compilers. UNIT II: Developing Console Application: Introduction to Project and Solution in Studio- Entry point method - Main. - Compiling and Building Projects -Using Command Line Arguments - Importance of Exit code of an application- Different valid forms of Main- Compiling -
Executing UML Models
Executing UML Models Miguel Pinto Luz1, Alberto Rodrigues da Silva1 1Instituto Superior Técnico Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa – Portugal {miguelluz, alberto.silva}@acm.org Abstract. Software development evolution is a history of permanent seeks for raising the abstraction level to new limits overcoming new frontiers. Executable UML (xUML) comes this way as the expectation to achieve the next level in abstraction, offering the capability of deploying a xUML model in a variety of software environments and platforms without any changes. This paper comes as a first expedition inside xUML, exploring the main aspects of its specification including the action languages support and the fundamental MDA compliance. In this paper is presented a future new xUML tool called XIS-xModels that gives Microsoft Visio new capabilities of running and debugging xUML models. This paper is an outline of the capabilities and main features of the future application. Keywords: UML, executable UML, Model Debugging, Action Language. 1. Introduction In a dictionary we find that an engineer is a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems, planning and directing, but an information technology engineer is someone that spends is time on implementing lines of code, instead of being focus on planning and projecting. Processes, meetings, models, documents, or even code are superfluous artifacts for organizations: all they need is well design and fast implemented working system, that moves them towards a new software development paradigm, based on high level executable models. According this new paradigm it should be possible to reduce development time and costs, and to bring new product quality warranties, only reachable by executing, debugging and testing early design stages (models).