DOCSLIB.ORG

Geothermal Energy Status and Policy Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geothermal Energy Status and Policy Review Geothermal energy status and policy review Geothermal ERA NET Participating countries PART A Analysis WP2 D 2. 1 NL Agency: Breembroek, Dijkshoorn, Ramsak December 2013 Geothermal energy status and policy review Geothermal ERA NET participating countries Part A: Analysis Gerdi Breembroek, Lydia Dijkshoorn, Paul Ramsak NL Agency Final Geothermal ERA-NET Orkugarður ● Grensásvegur 9 ● 108 Reykjavík ● Iceland ● Tel. +354 569 6000 ● Fax: +354 568 8896 www.geothermalERA NET.is , [email protected] Report no.: Date: Distribution: Open Closed 291866 / D2.1 20-12-2013 Conditions: Report name / Main and subheadings: Number of copies: Geothermal energy status and policy review Geothermal ERA NET participating countries Part A Analysis Number of pages: 51 Authors: Project manager: Gerdi Br eembroek, Lydia Dijkshoorn, Paul Ramsak Paul Ramsak (NL Agency) Classification of report: Project number: Public EC 291886 Prepared for: Geothermal ERA NET / FP7 programme of European Commission Cooperators: All country contacts, see Appendix 1 Abstract: The Geothermal ERA NET has brought together and analysed the status of and the policies concerning geothermal energy in its participating countries, including Slovenia, that has joined the consortium in a later stage. The report is split between Part A Analysis and Part B Questionnaires. Part A is the current report and is publicly available. Part B contains the questionnaires of all countries. Please contact the relevant country contact(s) (see Appendix 1) if you want to use these. Keywords: Signature Geothermal energy, European, policies, public support, subsidies Reviewed by: Country contacts in Geothermal ERA NET TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 8 2 BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY ......................................................... 9 3 STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE GEOTHERMAL ERA NET COUNTRIES ....................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Highlights on national situation per country .............................................. 10 3.2 Geothermal energy production ..................................................................... 11 3.2.1 The trouble with the data .......................................................................... 11 3.2.2 Direct utilisation ....................................................................................... 11 3.2.3 Electricity generation ................................................................................ 13 3.3 Geothermal in current and future energy mix ............................................ 14 3.4 Prospects ......................................................................................................... 18 3.4.1 Direct utilisation ....................................................................................... 18 3.4.2 Electricity.................................................................................................. 19 3.5 Energy prices .................................................................................................. 21 3.5.1 End-use prices of electricity and gas ........................................................ 21 3.5.2 Prices of geothermal energy ..................................................................... 22 3.6 Highlights, policy and prospects of national situation per country .......... 23 3.7 Conditions for growth ................................................................................... 27 3.8 Legal aspects ................................................................................................... 29 3.9 Where to find spatial data, monitoring and statistics? ............................... 32 3.9.1 Spatial data ............................................................................................... 32 3.9.2 Monitoring data ........................................................................................ 33 3.9.3 Statistics .................................................................................................... 34 4 PROGRAMMES ON GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE GEOTHERMAL ERA NET COUNTRIES .............................................................................................. 35 4.1 Highlights of programmes and instruments relevant for geothermal energy ......................................................................................................................... 35 4.2 Highlights of public support and funding schemes ..................................... 36 4.3 Summary per country ................................................................................... 37 4.3.1 Switzerland ............................................................................................... 37 4.3.2 Germany ................................................................................................... 38 4.3.3 France ....................................................................................................... 39 4.3.4 Hungary .................................................................................................... 41 4.3.5 Iceland ...................................................................................................... 41 4.3.6 Italy ........................................................................................................... 43 4.3.7 The Netherlands ........................................................................................ 44 4.3.8 Slovenia .................................................................................................... 45 4.3.9 Slovakia .................................................................................................... 45 4.3.10 Turkey ....................................................................................................... 46 4.4 Feed-in tariffs/premiums ............................................................................... 47 4.5 Strengths and weaknesses ............................................................................. 48 4.5.1 R&D/demo programmes .......................................................................... 48 4.5.2 Investment support / risk guarantee schemes ........................................... 49 4.5.3 Feed-in tariffs ........................................................................................... 49 5 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 50 6 APPENDIX: LIST OF CONTACTS .................................................................. 51 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Produced geothermal heat in GWh th /year for different uses (2012) ............ 12 Figure 3.2 Installed capacity for geothermal heat production in MW th (2012). ............ 12 Figure 3.3 Electricity generation by country (2012). .................................................... 13 Figure 3.4 Evolution of electricity production relative to the year 2008. ..................... 13 Figure 3.5 Final energy use for heating and cooling per capita and the role of geothermal and other RES (Renewable energy sources) ............................. 14 Figure 3.6 Role of geothermal heating and cooling as percentage of renewable heating and cooling for the years 2005-2010-2015-2020 by country ......... 15 Figure 3.7 Electricity final use per capita and the role of geothermal and other RES (Renewable energy sources). ....................................................................... 16 Figure 3.8 Role of geothermal electricity as a percentage of total RES end-use electricity for the years 2005-2010-2015-2020 by country ........................ 17 Figure 3.9 Ambitions for growth of direct heat utilisation, data for 2012 (total) and 2020 ............................................................................................................. 18 Figure 3.10 Number of geothermal district heating systems/networks in Europe in 2012 and expected growth through 2015 [6] ............................................... 19 Figure 3.11 GWh el /year geothermal power production in ERA NET countries ............. 19 Figure 3.12 Installed capacity (MW) per country and outlook for 2016, according to EGEC [7] ..................................................................................................... 20 Figure 3.13 End-use electricity prices in participating countries .................................... 21 Figure 3.14 End-use natural gas prices in participating countries .................................. 21 Figure 3.15 Indicative production prices of heat for direct utilisation. .......................... 22 Figure 3.16 ndicative production prices for electricity ................................................... 23 Figure 4.1 Feed in tariffs in various countries, for electricity (blue) and heat (red). .... 47 6 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Highlights on national situation per country ................................................ 10 Table 3.2 Highlights of policies and prospects per country ......................................... 24 Table 3.3 Perceived hurdles to growth of geothermal energy utilisation per country . 27 Table 3.4 Legal aspects for geothermal energy per country ........................................ 29 Table 3.5 Spatial data sets, organisations and availability ........................................... 32 Table 3.6 Monitoring activities by country .................................................................. 33 Table 3.7 Sources
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report 2002 Business Report
    Petrol, d.d. 2002 annual report confirmed by Petrol Management Board on March 10, 2003 1 Petrol, d.d., Annual Report 2002 Business Report Key events and factors effecting Petrol’s business results ......................................................... 8 Key financial data, results and forecasts ........................................................................................................ 12 Message of the Management Board Chairman .......................................................................................... 18 Management Board ................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Petrol shares ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Risk management ......................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Core business activities ........................................................................................................................................................... 34 Other business activities ......................................................................................................................................................... 40 Development and investment ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Promotion of Renewable Energy in Primorska the Longest Solar Noise Barrier
    PROMOTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN PRIMORSKA ThE LONGEST SOLAR NOISE BARRIER LONGEST SOLAR NOISE BARRIER IN SlOVENIA The project consists of three parts: first, a 600-me- tre long noise barrier along the motorway to Italy is being equipped with solar panels. This photovoltaic installation – the longest solar noise barrier in Slove- nia – will supply 46 households with electrical power. HEATING WITH BIOMASS The second project component is the use of biomass for heating in 32 selected public buildings. For this purpose, 14 oil heating systems will be replaced by biomass boilers. Among the 32 buildings are schools and kindergartens with nearly 2,000 children as well as two information centres in Triglav National Park which are visited by 45,000 people every year. The conversion of the heating systems to biomass will en- able heating costs in these buildings to be reduced Up to now, “green energy” in Slovenia has by about 40%. been almost exclusively derived from hydro- electric installations, but that is set to change: Switzerland is supporting a project in Slove- nia that promotes other sources of renewable INFORMATION CAMPAIGN WITH TELEVISION energy. A noise barrier along a motorway will COMPETITION be equipped with solar panels, and 32 public buildings that were previously heated with oil The third part of the project is a public awareness will be converted to biomass heating. campaign. Information sites are being set up in Triglav National Park, in the schools and near the motor- In March 2007, the EU agreed that by 2020, 20% way’s solar noise barrier. The public, local business- of its total energy requirements would be met people, teachers and pupils will be made aware of through renewable sources of energy – biomass, the topic of renewable energy through local events, water, wind and sun.
    [Show full text]
  • NGP ANGLEŠKO.Indd
    RESOLUTION ON NATIONAL FOREST PROGRAMME RESOLUTION ON NATIONAL FOREST PROGRAMME Zveza gozdarskih društev Slovenije – Gozdarska založba Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano RS 2 Izdala: Zveza gozdarskih društev Slovenije - Gozdarska založba, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana in Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano Republike Slovenije Odgovorni urednik: Franc Perko Izdelava kart in grafov: Rok Pisek Avtorji fotografij so navedeni na fotografijah. Oblikovanje in priprava za tisk: Jurij Koščak Tiskano v 1.500 izvodih, Ljubljana 2008 Tisk: Impress d.d. Izdajo publikacije finančno podprlo Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano RS Fhoto: Lado Kutnar CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 630*9(497.4) RESOLUTION on national forest programme / [izdelava kart in grafov Rok Pisek]. - Ljubljana : Zveza gozdarskih društev Slovenije, Gozdarska založba : Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano, 2008 ISBN 978-961-6142-20-5 (Zveza gozdarskih društev Slovenije, Gozdarska založba) 239232256 RESOLUTION ON NATIONAL FOREST PROGRAMME 3 On the basis of Article 7 of the Act on Forests (Official Gazette of RS, no. 30/93, 13/98 – decision of the Constitutional Court, 56/99 – ZON, 67/02 – ZG – A and 110/02 – ZGO – 1), paragraph 4 of Article 12 of the Wild Game and Hunting Act (Official Gazette of RS, no. 16/04, 120/06 – deci- sion of the Constitutional Court) and with regard to Article 109 and par- agraph 2 of Article 169 a of the National Assembly of Slovenia Rules of Procedure (Official Gazette of RS, no. 92/07 – official consolidated text), the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia at the session on 20 November 2007 adopted R E S O L U T I O N ON NATIONAL FOREST PROGRAMME NACIONALNI GOZDNI PROGRAM Fhoto: Lado Kutnar RESOLUTION ON NATIONAL FOREST PROGRAMME 5 1 INTRODUCTION National Forest Programme (NGP) is a fundamental strategic document aimed at determining the national policy of sustainable development of forest management.
    [Show full text]
  • Electricity Markets During the Liberalization: the Case of a European Union Country
    energies Article Electricity Markets during the Liberalization: The Case of a European Union Country Štefan Bojnec * and Alan Križaj Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, Izolska vrata 2, SI-6101 Koper-Capodistria, Slovenia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Abstract: This paper analyzes electricity markets in Slovenia during the specific period of market deregulation and price liberalization. The drivers of electricity prices and electricity consumption are investigated. The Slovenian electricity markets are analyzed in relation with the European Energy Exchange (EEX) market. Associations between electricity prices on the one hand, and primary energy prices, variation in air temperature, daily maximum electricity power, and cross-border grid prices on the other hand, are analyzed separately for industrial and household consumers. Monthly data are used in a regression analysis during the period of Slovenia’s electricity market deregulation and price liberalization. Empirical results show that electricity prices achieved in the EEX market were significantly associated with primary energy prices. In Slovenia, the prices for daily maximum electricity power were significantly associated with electricity prices achieved on the EEX market. The increases in electricity prices for households, however, cannot be explained with developments in electricity prices on the EEX market. As the period analyzed is the stage of market deregulation and price liberalization, this can have important policy implications for the countries that still have regulated and monopolized electricity markets. Opening the electricity markets is expected to increase competition and reduce pressures for electricity price increases. However, the experiences Citation: Bojnec, Š.; Križaj, A.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Slovenian-Croatian Relations
    (business culture environment politics sports) January 09 ISSN 1854-0805 01 An overview of Slovenian-Croatian relations Energy crisis: Reliability of energy supply in Slovenia Slovenian woman of 2008: We are able to love even when we are three hundred years old Veronika Stabej con In Focus 6-9 Slovenian-Croatian relations Slovenia must persist in its demands on Croatia 14-17 Interview Dear readers, Neža Maurer this is the first edition of Sinfo in 2009 and the first with the new image. The Slovenian woman of 2008 issue we place before you has not only received a graphic makeover, but more importantly a change in editorial policy. We really want to bring you more information primarily from every field of Slovenian knowledge and expertise, and show you interesting people, places and events. Sports 38-39 As we say on the cover, we’ll be bringing you business news from Slovenia, in Primož Kozmus and this issue presenting two successful and excellent companies, each from a slightly Sara Isakovič different angle. The Slovenian sportsman and sportswoman We will focus even more on culture in the broadest sense of the word; the next of 2008 thematic issue will be entirely dedicated to this topic. This issue has news from the arts, presenting a successful young musician, and with special stress on the culinary arts, with some specialties from one part of Slovenia. 8-31 Porcelain Catbryur The Catbriyur trademark is an extraordinary idea put into practice. People We talked to the Slovenian Woman of 2008, who is convinced that we can love 40-43 even if we are thee hundred years old.
    [Show full text]
  • Slovenia Empowered Lives
    RENEWABLE ENERGY SNAPSHOT: Slovenia Empowered lives. Resilient nations. General Country Electricity Generating Information Capacity 2012 Population: 2,058,152 Surface Area: 20,270 km² 3,376 MW 9.9% Capital City: Ljubljana Total Installed Capacity RE Share GDP (2012): $ 45.3 billion GDP Per Capita (2012): $ 22,001 335 MW Installed RE Capacity WB Ease of Doing Business: 33 Biomass Solar PV Wind Small Hydro Installed Renewable Electricity 1 Capacity 2012 in MW 0 217.4 0 118 Technical Potential for Installed 700 19,200 600 300 Renewable Electricity Capacity in MW Sources : EBRD (2009); ESHA (2011); EWEA (2013); EurObserv’Er (2013); Knez and Jereb (2013); Obtrecht et al. (2011); Domjan (2009); World Bank (2014); EC (2013); Renewable Facts (2013); EIA (2013); SRS NET & EEE (2008); Hoogwijk and Graus (2008); Hoogwijk (2004); JRC (2011); and UNDP calculations. Key information about renewable energy in Slovenia Slovenia’s share of installed renewable capacity amounts to almost 10 percent of the total installed electricity capacity. However, the technical potential – particularly for solar power – if fully exploited would be more than five times as much than the current total installed capacity. To increase its share in renewable energy electricity production, the Government of Slovenia promotes electricity generated from renewable sources with a feed-in tariff. Eligible is electricity produced from wind, solar, geothermal, biogas, biomass and hydropower plants. The maximum eligibility period for the feed-in tariff is 15 years and it applies only
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of the Western Balkans to the European Future Contents April 2010
    APRIL 2010 BUSINESS CULTURE ENVIRONMENT POLITICS SPORTS The contribution of the Western Balkans to the European future Contents April 2010 POOLED RESOURCES SILENT POETRY 42 ODAy’s WORLD IS TOO COMPLEX FOR THE individual to master each and every aspect of it. So PLEčNIK’S LJUBLJANA T there is nothing wrong in admitting that we need to pool our resources in certain areas. This also applies to international relations, and the Veronika Stabej desire for friendship with our neighbours is indeed written Director into Slovenia’s national anthem. Together with the hope that we will be able to overcome any disagreement. If, however, disagreements arise, it is important that we are able to sit down at the same table and seek common AROUND THE solutions. Including through informal dialogue. SAME taBLE sat How to resolve problems is something that was indeed recently demonstrated by Slovenia and Croatia, THE LEADERS OF neighbouring countries that are spreading the efforts for COUNTRIES, SOME good neighbourly relations to other countries of the former OF WHICH DO not Yugoslavia. On the initiative of Slovenian Prime Minister Borut Pahor and his Croatian counterpart Jadranka Kosor, EVEN RECOGNISE what has been termed the Brdo process was recently EacH otHER, launched at Brdo pri Kranju. The aim of this process is to WHILE THEY strengthen cooperation and the resolving of bilateral issues in the European spirit, especially in the light of common RECOGNISE THat efforts to attain EU membership. “we ALL NEED Around the same table sat the leaders of countries, some of EacH other”, which do not even recognise each other, while they recognise ESPECIALLY that “we all need each other”, especially neighbours.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Energy Technology
    JOURNAL OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY JET JOURNAL OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Ustanovitelji / FOUNDERS Fakulteta za energetiko, UNIVERZA V MARIBORU / FACULTY OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MARIBOR Izdajatelj / PUBLISHER Fakulteta za energetiko, UNIVERZA V MARIBORU / FACULTY OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MARIBOR Izdajateljski svet / PUBLISHING COUNCIL Zasl. prof. dr. Dali ĐONLAGIĆ, Univerza v Mariboru, Slovenija, predsednik / University of Maribor, Slovenia, President Prof. dr. Bruno CVIKL, Univerza v Mariboru, Slovenija / University of Maribor, Slovenia Prof. ddr. Denis ĐONLAGIĆ, Univerza v Mariboru, Slovenija / University of Maribor, Slovenia Prof. dr. Danilo FERETIĆ, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvaška / University in Zagreb, Croatia Prof. dr. Roman KLASINC, Technische Universität Graz, Avstrija / Graz University Of Technology, Austria Prof. dr. Alfred LEIPERTZ, Universität Erlangen, Nemčija / University of Erlangen, Germany Prof. dr. Milan MARČIČ, Univerza v Mariboru, Slovenija / University of Maribor, Slovenia Prof. dr. Branimir MATIJAŠEVIČ, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvaška / University in Zagreb, Croatia Prof. dr. Borut MAVKO, Inštitut Jožef Stefan, Slovenija / Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia Prof. dr. Greg NATERER, University of Ontario, Kanada / University of Ontario, Canada Prof. dr. Enrico NOBILE, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italia / University of Trieste, Italy Prof. dr. Iztok POTRČ, VOLUME 4 / Issue 5 Univerza v Mariboru, Slovenija / University of Maribor, Slovenia Prof. dr. Andrej PREDIN, Univerza v Mariboru, Slovenija / University of Maribor, Slovenia Prof. dr. Jože VORŠIČ, Univerza v Mariboru, Slovenija / University of Maribor, Slovenia Revija Journal of Energy Technology (JET) je indeksirana v naslednjih bazah: INSPEC©, Cambridge Prof. dr. Koichi WATANABE, Scientific Abstracts: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (CSA ANTE), ProQuest's KEIO University, Japonska / KEIO University, Japan Technology Research Database.
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Sixth National Report
    Republic of Slovenia 6th National Report 2015 – 2018 Project management: Robert Bolješić (Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning) Prepared and edited by: Robert Bolješić Contributions: - Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation (Martina Kačičnik Jančar, Tadej Kogovšek) - University Botanic Gardens Ljubljana (Jože Bavcon) - NGO Council (Jana Kus Veenvliet) - Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning (Andrej Bibič, Anita Jesih, Peter Skoberne, Branka Tavzes) Translation: Robert Bolješić Quotation: Bolješić, R.: Convention on Biological Diversity – Sixth National Report of the Republic of Slovenia, MInistry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Ljubljana, 2019 © Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning All rights reserved. Ljubljana, October 2019 2 Introduction 6 Section I: Information on the targets being pursued at the national level 7 Section II. Implementation measures taken, assessment of their effectiveness, associated obstacles and scientific and technical needs to achieve national targets 8 1. Communication activities 8 2. Restoration of habitat size, its specific properties, structures or processes 9 3. Adaptive forest management measures 10 4. Conservation of forest reserves 11 5. Measures for adaptive management of fishery resources 12 6. Agri-environment-climate payments 13 7. Cross-compliance measures in agriculture 14 8. Conservation of environmentally sensitive grasslands 15 9. Measures to ensure the continuity of watercourses, reduce their hydro morphological loads and maintain
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Sources of Energy: Hydro-Electricity in Slovenia
    Š. Bojnec, D. Papler Obnovljivi izvori energije: hidro električna energija u Sloveniji ISSN 1330-3651 UDC/UDK 620.92:621.311.21(497.4) RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY: HYDRO-ELECTRICITY IN SLOVENIA Štefan Bojnec, Drago Papler Original scientific paper Electricity supply in Slovenia is largely dependent on traditional non-renewable sources of electrical energy. In spite of some efforts made to change the sources of electrical energy, not significant shifts from traditional non-renewable fossil sources of electrical energy to renewable sources of electrical energy are found. Electricity supply from water resources is dependent on natural conditions, but it is particularly biased on the adverse weather conditions. The changing weather conditions between raining and sunshine periods are a reason for the needs to diversify supply of electrical energy from hydro renewable sources of energy to a combination with solar energy and co-production of energy from biomass and other renewable sources of energy. There is a need for changes in green electrical energy supply not only towards hydro resources, but particularly towards other renewable sources of electrical energy such as solar, biomass, thermal water, wind and biogas energy. Keywords: electricity supply, hydro-electricity, renewable sources of energy, Slovenia Obnovljivi izvori energije: hidro električna energija u Sloveniji Izvorni znanstveni članak Ponuda električne energije u Sloveniji značajno je ovisna o tradicionalnim ne-obnovljivim izvorima električne energije. Bez obzira na određene napore da se promijeni izvore ponude električne energije, nisu postignute značajnije promjene od tradicionalnih neobnovljivih fosilnih izvora električne energije na obnovljive izvore električne energije. Ponuda električne energije iz hidro izvora ovisna je o prirodnim uvjetima pa je značajno ovisna i o promjenjivim vremenskim uvjetima.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospects of Energy Efficiency in the Slovenian Industry
    Prospects of energy efficiency in the Slovenian industry Fouad Al-Mansour Matevž Pušnik Jožef Stefan Institute Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia Slovenia [email protected] [email protected] Matjaž Česen Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Keywords industrial energy saving, savings potential, energy efficiency ings in industry included in emission trading schemes for the action plans, energy efficiency measures, long-term strategies period to 2030. The expected energy savings in ETS industry are estimated to 5,151 GWh by 2030. Abstract The expected energy savings in ETS industry are higher than in non-ETS. To achieve expected energy savings require inten- Strategic objectives of energy policy in the EU and Slovenia sive implementation of all proposed measures. are to increase energy efficiency, utilization of renewable en- ergy and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Energy ef- ficiency measures and utilization of renewable energy sources Introduction have been consistently incorporated into all energy strategic Sustainability, competitiveness and security/reliability of supply documents in Slovenia. Energy consumption in industry rep- present the main objectives of EU energy policy [1]. Strategic resents about one third of final energy consumed in Slovenia. objectives of energy policy in Slovenia and EU are to increase The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2008–2016 for energy efficiency, utilization of renewable energy, reduction of Slovenia defines different energy efficiency measures in indus- and greenhouse gas emissions. The high energy dependency try. The expected energy savings in industry are 1,376 GWh (the share of imported energy in the energy supply) presents a by 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Profile Template
    RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES IN OECD/NEA MEMBER COUNTRIES SLOVENIA [2013] NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY CONTEXT Production of nuclear energy plays a significant role in the national electricity supply. In The Resolution on the National Energy Programme that is currently being revised (in public hearing), nuclear energy shall remain an important factor in generation of electric energy in Slovenia in the coming decades. Electricity Production by Energy Sources 2012* Type of Energy Percentages (%) Nuclear* 40 Fossile 38 Hydro 22 * only one half of the nuclear electric energy produced in Slovenia’s NPP Krško is supplied to Slovenia. The other half is, based on a bilateral agreement, supplied to the Republic of Croatia. 1 Hydro 22% Nuclear* 40% Fossile 38% Nuclear* Fossile Hydro SOURCES, TYPES AND QUANTITIES OF WASTE Nuclear Programme The Republic of Slovenia has a small nuclear programme: one operating nuclear power plant, one research reactor and one central storage facility for radioactive waste from small producers. In addition, there is also a uranium mine and mill in the decommissioning stage at Žirovski vrh. The geographical locations of the nuclear and radiation facilities are given in the figure below. The Republic of Slovenia has no facility for final disposal of radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel, however the site for LILW repository has been approved. Figure 1: Nuclear programme in the Republic of Slovenia 2 The Krško Nuclear Power Plant It is a Westinghouse two-loop Pressurised Water Reactor with nominal output power 727/696 MWe (gross electrical power/net electrical power). It started with commercial operation in 1983 and is designed to operate until the end of 2023.
    [Show full text]