DOCSLIB.ORG

Ruby Joint Stabilization System As a Suitable Method of Extracapsular Repair

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ruby Joint Stabilization System As a Suitable Method of Extracapsular Repair Ruby Joint Stabilization System as a Suitable Method of Extracapsular Repair Christopher G. Dominic Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Biomedical and Veterinary Science Otto I. Lanz, Committee Chair Dominique M. Sawyere Noelle M. Muro Theresa E. Pancotto 5/27/2021 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Cranial Cruciate Ligament, Ruby, Canine, Stifle, Extracapsular CC BY-NC-ND Dominic 2021 Ruby Joint Stabilization Systema as a Suitable Method of Extracapsular Repair Christopher G. Dominic 1 ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the effect of the Ruby Joint Stabilization System (Ruby) on the motion of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficient stifle. To compare the motion with the Ruby to that of the CrCL-intact and CrCL-deficient stifle. Study Design: Each canine pelvic limb was mounted in a loading jig under 30% body weight. Motion data was collected using an electromagnetic tracking system at stifle angles of 125o, 135o and 145o with the CrCL-intact, CrCL-deficient and the Ruby applied. Results: Total translation of the CrCL-deficient stifle following the Ruby was reduced, but remained greater than the CrCL-intact stifle at angles of 125o, 135o and 145o. Internal rotation of the Ruby groups was greater than the CrCL-intact group at 145o, but not 125o and 135o. Varus motion of the Ruby group was decreased compared to the CrCL- deficient group, but increased compared to the CrCL-intact group at angles of 125o, 135o and 145o. Conclusion: Total translation and internal rotation of the CrCL-deficient stifle following the Ruby differed from that of the CrCL-intact stifle. However, the Ruby reduced total translation and internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur in the CrCL-deficient stifle to levels that may yield clinically acceptable results. a KYON Veterinary Surgical Products, Zurich, Switzerland Ruby Joint Stabilization System as a Suitable Method of Extracapsular Repair Christopher G. Dominic 2 GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT Cranial cruciate ligament disease is a common pathology of the canine stifle. Loss of this ligament results in instability of the stifle that results in pain and osteoarthritis, and can lead to damage of other intra-articular structures like the menisci. An abundant number of surgical procedures are described, with the goal of surgery being the restoration of normal stifle stability and function. A common surgical procedure for treatment is the lateral suture technique, which is an extracapsular method of stabilization. This procedure faces many complications; however, it remains a popular choice of stabilization due to its lower cost and less invasive nature. The Ruby Joint Stabilization procedure is a method of extracapsular repair that aims to restore stifle stability and circumvent several complications that plague the lateral suture. This cadaveric study sought to investigate how stifle motion of the normal canine stifle compared to that of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle with the Ruby Joint Stabilization System applied. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the Ruby Joint Stabilization System adequately restored stifle motion to a level that could yield clinically acceptable results, as was demonstrated in a previously published clinical investigation of this technique. iii 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank KYON Veterinary Surgical Products for donating a portion of the materials required for the completion of this investigation, Slobodan Tepic for his aid with the experimental design, David Seda for his assistance with the statistical analysis, and the technical support staff of Polhemus for their assistance. iv 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... ii 2 GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT ................................................................... iii 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... iv 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... v 5 ATTRIBUTION ...................................................................................................... vii 6 CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................ 1 6.1 Canine Stifle Anatomy ...................................................................................... 1 6.1.1 Joint: ................................................................................................................ 1 6.1.2 Bones: ............................................................................................................. 1 6.1.3 Joint Capsule: .................................................................................................. 2 6.1.4 Musculature: ................................................................................................... 2 6.1.5 Vascular Supply: ............................................................................................. 4 6.1.6 Lymphatics: ..................................................................................................... 6 6.1.7 Innervation: ..................................................................................................... 7 6.1.8 Meniscus: ........................................................................................................ 7 6.1.9 Ligaments: ....................................................................................................... 9 6.2 Stifle Kinematics ............................................................................................. 11 6.2.1 Normal Stifle ................................................................................................. 11 6.2.2 The Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Stifle ........................................... 12 6.3 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease .............................................................. 14 6.3.1 Etiopathogenesis ........................................................................................... 14 6.3.2 Meniscal Injury ............................................................................................. 19 6.3.3 Osteoarthritis: ................................................................................................ 19 6.3.4 Diagnosis: ..................................................................................................... 20 6.3.5 Treatment Options ........................................................................................ 23 6.4 The Lateral Suture .......................................................................................... 30 6.4.1 Suture Material: ............................................................................................ 30 6.4.2 Suture Securing Methods: ............................................................................. 31 6.4.3 Isometry: ....................................................................................................... 32 6.4.4 Complications: .............................................................................................. 32 7 CHAPTER II: Ruby Joint Stabilization System as an Extracapsular Method of Repair ............................................................................................................................... 34 7.1 Objective: ......................................................................................................... 34 7.2 Materials & Methods: ..................................................................................... 34 7.2.1 Specimen Collection and Preparation: .......................................................... 34 7.2.2 Radiographic Analysis: ................................................................................. 34 7.2.3 Ruby Procedure: ............................................................................................ 34 7.2.4 Testing Protocol: ........................................................................................... 35 7.2.5 Data Collection: ............................................................................................ 36 7.2.6 Statistical Analysis: ....................................................................................... 36 v 7.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 37 7.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 37 7.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 40 8 REFRERENCES ..................................................................................................... 41 9 APPENDIX A .......................................................................................................... 53 10 APPENDIX B ...................................................................................................... 54 11 APPENDIX C ...................................................................................................... 55 12 APPENDIX D ...................................................................................................... 56 13 APPENDIX E ...................................................................................................... 57 14 APPENDIX F .....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of Starting Distance on Vertical Ground Reaction
    EFFECT OF STARTING DISTANCE ON VERTICAL GROUND REACTION FORCES IN THE DOG by DAVID BURNETT DULANEY (Under Direction the of Hugh Dookwah) ABSTRACT Kinetic gait analysis is used extensively in both human and veterinary medicine, both to detect pathological gait abnormalities and to quantify the efficacy of surgical and pharmacological protocols. This study evaluates the effect of three different staring distances from the kinetic data collection device (2m, 4m, and 6m) on the peak vertical and associated impulse ground reaction forces generated by the test subjects at a trot. Five dogs weighing between 20 and 30kg were trotted over two force plates at between 1.6 and 2.1 m/s until 5 right first contacts and 5 left first contacts were collected. Data collection was repeated approximately a week apart for a total of 5 collections. Vertical impulse values were found to be significantly different (p<0.05) between 2m and 6m, but neither were different from 4m. Peak vertical force was not found to be significantly effected by distance. INDEX WORDS: Gait analysis, force plate, starting distance, steady state gait, peak vertical force, vertical impulse EFFECT OF STARTING DISTANCE ON VERICAL GROUND REACTION FORCES IN THE DOG by DAVID BURNETT DULANEY B.S., Lander University, 1997 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTERS OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2003 © 2003 David Burnett DuLaney All Rights Reserved EFFECT OF STARTING DISTANCE ON VERTICAL GROUND REACTION FORCES IN THE DOG by DAVID BURNETT DULANEY Major Professor: Hugh Doowah Committee: Steven Budsberg Paul T.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Proximal Translation of the Osteotomized Tibial Tuberosity During Tibial Tuberosity Advancement on Patellar Position and Patellar Ligament Angle Jack D
    Neville-Towle et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2017) 13:18 DOI 10.1186/s12917-017-0942-6 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Effect of proximal translation of the osteotomized tibial tuberosity during tibial tuberosity advancement on patellar position and patellar ligament angle Jack D. Neville-Towle*, Mariano Makara, Kenneth A. Johnson and Katja Voss Abstract Background: Cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency is a common orthopaedic problem in canine patients. This cadaveric and radiographic study was performed with the aim of determining the effect of proximal translation of the tibial tuberosity during tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on patellar position (PP) and patellar ligament angle (PLA). Results: Disarticulated left hind limb specimens harvested from medium to large breed canine cadavers (n =6)were used for this study. Limbs were mounted to Plexiglass sheets with the stifle joint fixed in 135° of extension. The quadriceps mechanism was mimicked using an elastic band. Medio-lateral radiographs were obtained pre-osteotomy, after performing TTA without proximal translation of the tibial tuberosity, and after proximal translation of the tibial tuberosity by 3mm and 6mm. Radiographs were blinded to the observer for distance of tibial tuberosity proximalization following radiograph acquisition. Three independent observers recorded PP and PLA (tibial plateau method and common tangent method). Comparisons were made between the stages of proximalization using repeated measures ANOVA. Patellar position was found to be significantly more distal than pre-osteotomy, if the tibial tuberosity was not translated proximally (P = 0.001) and if it was translated proximally by 3mm (P = 0.005). The difference between pre-osteotomy PP and 6mm proximalization was not significant.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement and Meniscal Release on Kinematics of the Canine Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifle During Early, Middle, and Late Stance
    Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 5-1-2011 Effects of tibial tuberosity advancement and meniscal release on kinematics of the canine cranial cruciate deficient stifle during early, middle, and late stance James Ryan Butler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Butler, James Ryan, "Effects of tibial tuberosity advancement and meniscal release on kinematics of the canine cranial cruciate deficient stifle during early, middle, and late stance" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 1812. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/1812 This Graduate Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF TIBIAL TUBEROSITY ADVANCEMENT AND MENISCAL RELEASE ON KINEMATICS OF THE CANINE CRANIAL CRUCIATE DEFICIENT STIFLE DURING EARLY, MIDDLE, AND LATE STANCE By James Ryan Butler A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Veterinary Medical Science in the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State, Mississippi April 2011 Copyright by James Ryan Butler 2011 EFFECTS OF TIBIAL TUBEROSITY ADVANCEMENT AND MENISCAL RELEASE ON KINEMATICS OF THE
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Loading, Plantar Ligament Disruption and Surgical
    The Effect of Loading, Plantar Ligament Disruption and Surgical Repair on Canine Tarsal Bone Kinematics Presented by Christopher John Tan Sydney School of Veterinary Science Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney February 2018 A thesis submitted to fulfil requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy i To my wonderful family i This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources have been acknowledged. Signature Name: Christopher John Tan ii Table of contents Statement of originality……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii Table of figures……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….vii Table of tables………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..xiii Table of equations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….xvi Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………xvii Author Attribution Statement and published works…………………………………………………………………….xviii Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………xix Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….xx Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Surgical Treatment of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficiency
    Licentiate’s thesis Surgical treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament deficiency A literature review University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2012 Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Small Animal Surgery Jan Mattila, MSc Econ, BSc Vet Med Tiedekunta–Fakultet–Faculty Osasto–Avdelning–Department Eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta Kliinisen hevos- ja pieneläinlääketieteen osasto Tekijä–Författare–Author Jan Mattila Työn nimi–Arbetets titel–Title Surgical treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament deficiency – A literature review Oppiaine–Läroämne–Subject Pieneläinkirurgia Työn laji–Arbetets art–Level Aika–Datum–Month and year Sivumäärä–Sidoantal–Number of pages lisensiaatintutkielma huhtikuu 2012 49 Tiivistelmä–Referat–Abstract Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency is the leading cause of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the canine stifle. The anatomy of the canine stifle is complex and the pathogenesis of CrCL rupture is not fully understood. Several competing theories on the pathogenesis and several techniques based on these theories have been presented mostly during the last 40 years. The main categories of techniques are intra- articular, extracapsular and osteotomy, of which techniques of the two latter categories are still widely in use. The uncertainty about the pathogenesis and thus the correct technique of repair may be a reason for the multitude of proposed surgical techniques and the lack of preventive measures. This literature review attempts to cover the main surgical techniques from the three categories of techniques which are currently or have lately been in use and to determine if a preferred method exists. Approximately half of the literature is from 2000–2012 and half from 1926–2000. The literature encompasses both the original publications of each technique as well as studies on the outcomes and complications of follow-up studies using larger populations of patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment Options for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Dog–A Literature Review
    Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine. Vol. LXIII (2) ISSN 2065-1295;Scientific ISSN 2343-9394 Works. Series (CD-ROM); C. Veterinary ISSN Medicine.2067-3663 Vol. (Online); LXIII (2) ISSN-L 2065-1295 ISSN 2065-1295; ISSN 2343-9394 (CD-ROM); ISSN 2067-3663 (Online); ISSN-L 2065-1295 TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE IN DOG – A LITERATURE REVIEW Cornel IGNA 1, Larisa SCHUSZLER 1 1Banat’s University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 119 Calea Aradului, 300645, Timisoara, Romania Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) breaks in dogs can be treated by surgical and non-surgical methods. Choice of the treatment method of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dog continues to constitute a real problem for veterinarian clinicians. This topic has been the subject of many studies. The investigation of the speciality literature data concerning the surgical treatment options in the management of cranial cruciate ligament breaks in dog, remains in the conditions of an informational avalanche a present concern. The purpose of this study was to analyze additional evidence which have appeared in the literature in the period of 2006 - January 2017 and which advocate with concrete evidences in the favour or disfavour of a particular method of dog’s cranial cruciate ligament breaks treatment. Analysis of online searches using PubMed engine in 403 articles suggest that the data analyzed do not allow accurate comparisons between different treatment procedures of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs and did not show significant differences and major changes compared to previous reports (from 1963 to 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Normal and Abnormal Gaits in Dogs
    Pagina 1 di 12 Normal And Abnormal Gait Chapter 91 David M. Nunamaker, Peter D. Blauner z Methods of Gait Analysis z The Normal Gaits of the Dog z Effects of Conformation on Locomotion z Clinical Examination of the Locomotor System z Neurologic Conditions Associated With Abnormal Gait z Gait Abnormalities Associated With Joint Problems z References Methods of Gait Analysis Normal locomotion of the dog involves proper functioning of every organ system in the body, up to 99% of the skeletal muscles, and most of the bony structures.(1-75) Coordination of these functioning parts represents the poorly understood phenomenon referred to as gait. The veterinary literature is interspersed with only a few reports addressing primarily this system. Although gait relates closely to orthopaedics, it is often not included in orthopaedic training programs or orthopaedic textbooks. The current problem of gait analysis in humans and dogs is the inability of the study of gait to relate significantly to clinical situations. Hundreds of papers are included in the literature describing gait in humans, but up to this point there has been little success in organizing the reams of data into a useful diagnostic or therapeutic regime. Studies on human and animal locomotion commonly involve the measurement and analysis of the following: Temporal characteristics Electromyographic signals Kinematics of limb segments Kinetics of the foot-floor and joint resultants The analyses of the latter two types of measurements require the collection and reduction of voluminous amounts of data, but the lack of a rapid method of processing this data in real time has precluded the use of gait analysis as a routine clinical tool, particularly in animals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Joint Biomechanics in the Development of Tarsocrural Osteochondrosis in Dogs
    FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE approved by EAEVE The Role of Joint Biomechanics in the Development of Tarsocrural Osteochondrosis in Dogs WALTER BENJAMIN DINGEMANSE Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University 2017 Promoters: Dr. Ingrid Gielen Prof. Dr. Ilse Jonkers Prof. Dr. Bernadette Van Ryssen Prof. Dr. Magdalena Müller-Gerbl Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University The Role of Joint Biomechanics in the Development of Osteochondrosis in Dogs Walter Benjamin Dingemanse Vakgroep Medische Beeldvorming van de Huisdieren en Orthopedie van de Kleine Huisdieren Faculteit Diergeneeskunde Universiteit Gent Cover design by Michael Edmond Nico Van Waegevelde © Walter Benjamin Dingemanse 2017. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission from the author. PhD supported by a grant from IWT I MAY NOT HAVE GONE WHERE I INTENDED TO GO BUT I THINK I HAVE ENDED UP WHERE I NEEDED TO BE - DOUGLAS ADAMS - EXAMINATION BOARD Chair: Prof. dr. Hilde de Rooster Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, BE Secretary: Prof. dr. Wim Van den Broeck Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, BE Members: Prof. dr. Robert Colborne Institute of Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, NZ Dr. Evelien de Bakker Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, BE Dr. Maarten Oosterlinck
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Canine Thoracic
    THESIS KINEMATIC AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF CANINE THORACIC LIMB AMPUTEES AT A TROT Submitted by Sarah Jarvis Graduate Degree Program in Bioengineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2011 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Raoul Reiser Deanna Worley Kevin Haussler ABSTRACT KINEMATIC AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF CANINE THORACIC LIMB AMPUTEES AT A TROT Most dogs appear to adapt well to the removal of a thoracic limb, but clinically there is a particular subset of dogs that still have problems with gait that seem to be unrelated to age, weight, or breed. The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize biomechanical changes in gait associated with amputation of a thoracic limb. Sixteen amputees and 24 control dogs of various breeds with similar stature and mass greater than 14 kg were recruited and participated in the study. Dogs were trotted across three in-series force platforms as spatial kinematic and ground reaction force data were recorded during the stance phase. Ground reaction forces, impulses, and stance durations were computed as well as stance widths, stride lengths, limb and spinal joint angles. Kinetic results show that thoracic limb amputees have increased stance times and vertical impulses. The remaining thoracic limb and pelvic limb ipsilateral to the side of amputation compensate for the loss of braking, and the ipsilateral pelvic limb also compensates the most for the loss of propulsion. The carpus, and ipsilateral hip and stifle joints are more flexed during stance, and the T1, T13, and L7 joints experience significant differences in spinal motion in both the sagittal and horizontal planes throughout the gait cycle stance phases.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of a Collar-Mounted Triaxial Accelerometer to Predict Speed and Gait in Dogs
    animals Article Use of a Collar-Mounted Triaxial Accelerometer to Predict Speed and Gait in Dogs Samantha Bolton, Nick Cave *, Naomi Cogger and G. R. Colborne School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (N.C.); [email protected] (G.R.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-6-3505329 Simple Summary: Accelerometers have been used for several years to monitor activity in free- moving dogs. The technique has particular utility for measuring the efficacy of treatments for osteoarthritis when changes to movement need to be monitored over extended periods. While collar- mounted accelerometer measures are precise, they are difficult to express in widely understood terms, such as gait or speed. This study aimed to determine whether measurements from a collar-mounted accelerometer made while a dog was on a treadmill could be converted to an estimate of speed or gait. We found that gait could be separated into two categories—walking and faster than walking (i.e., trot or canter)—but we could not further separate the non-walking gaits. Speed could be estimated but was inaccurate when speed exceeded 3 m/s. We conclude that collar-mounted accelerometers only allowing limited categorisation of activity are still of value for monitoring activity in dogs. Abstract: Accelerometry has been used to measure treatment efficacy in dogs with osteoarthritis, although interpretation is difficult. Simplification of the output into speed or gait categories could simplify interpretation. We aimed to determine whether collar-mounted accelerometry could estimate the speed and categorise dogs’ gait on a treadmill.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Extra-Articular Prosthetic Stabilization of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Stifle C
    Review Article © Schattauer 2011 167 A review of extra-articular prosthetic stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle C. A. Tonks; D. D. Lewis; A. Pozzi University of Florida, Comparative Orthopaedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, USA Introduction (17, 18). The screw-home mechanism is a Keywords term used to describe the cranial (gliding) Cranial cruciate ligament, extra-articular, Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) insuffi- and external rotation (sliding) motion the lateral circumfabellar-tibial suture ciency is a common cause of hindlimb tibia undergoes relative to the femur as the Summary lameness in dogs that can precipitate me- stifle is extended (19). This phenomenon, Extra-articular prosthetic stabilization tech- niscal injury and inevitably incites osteoar- which has been comprehensively described niques have been used as a method of stabi- thritis (OA) of the stifle (1, 2). Adult, large in the human knee, is also thought to occur lization of the cranial cruciate ligament breed dogs are most frequently affected by in the dog’s stifle (17–21). (CrCL)-deficient stifle for decades. During CrCL insufficiency with Rottweilers, New- Multiple studies have evaluated the ef- foundlands, and American Staffordshire fects of CrCL insufficiency on stifle bio- extra-articular prosthetic stabilization, the prosthesis is anchored to the femur and Terriers being over represented breeds mechanics, kinematics, and gait (21–25). (3–5). Although the risk for CrCL insuffi- Cranial cruciate ligament deficiency alters tibia, and tensioned in the attempt to resolve femorotibial instability. The position of the ciency increases with age,many large breed stifle and hindlimb kinematics resulting in anchor points of the prosthesis is crucial for dogs sustain CrCL insufficiency in young cranial tibial translation, increased internal restoring a normal range of joint motion and adulthood (3–5).
    [Show full text]
  • Triple Tibial Osteotomy (TTO) for Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Small Breed Dogs
    pISSN 1598-298X / eISSN 2384-0749 J Vet Clin 34(1) : 7-12 (2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.17555/jvc.2017.02.34.1.7 Triple Tibial Osteotomy (TTO) for Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Small Breed Dogs Tae-Hwan Kim, Subin Hong, Heesup Moon, Jeong-In Shin, Yun-Sul Jang, Hyeonjong Choi, In-Geun Kim and Jae-hoon Lee1 Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea (Received: November 23, 2016 / Accepted: February 14, 2017) Abstract : Twelve dogs weighing less than 10 kg underwent unilateral TTO to stabilize the stifle joint with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Surgical findings, intra-operative and post-operative complications were recorded. Radiographic examinations were performed for 8 weeks following surgery. Postoperative outcome was evaluated using a visual analogue lameness scoring system. Mean preoperative PTA (the angle created by the intersection of the tibial plateau extrapolation line and the patellar tendon) was 103.8 degrees. Mean tibial wedge angle was 16.6 degrees. Mean postoperative PTA was 92.1 degrees. Intraoperatively, fracture through the caudal tibial cortex occurred in all dogs, through the distal tibial crest cortex in 2 dogs, through the lateral tibial cortex in 2 dogs and through the fibula in 1 dog. Four-week postoperative radiographs demonstrated evidence of progressive bone union at osteotomy site and complete unions were identified at 8 week in 10 dogs. All dogs were healed in 11 weeks. Most of dogs revealed weak lameness in 4 weeks and normal ambulation in 8 weeks postoperatively except for only one dog returned in 11 weeks.
    [Show full text]