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Natural Analogues for Safety Cases of Repositories in Rock Salt, Salt
NEA/RWM/R(2013)10 Isotope monitoring of water appearances in salt mines: The Polish experience Marek Dulin ski1, Kazimierz Rozan ski1, Krzysztof Brudnik2, Piotr Kolonko3, Joanna Tadych4 1Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH Univ. of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland 2W ieliczka Salt Mine S.A., Wieliczka, Poland 3Klodawa Salt Mine S.A., Klodawa, Poland 4Inowroclaw Salt Mines Solino S.A., Inowroclaw, Poland Isotope analyses of water appearances in Polish salt mines started in the early 70s of the last century. Soon after it became clear that oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope composition of water creates a unique possibility of determ ination of the origin of waters in mines and has a crucial role in the risk assessment associated with water inflows. Chem ical composition of mine waters, although useful, cannot be used to distinguish between syngenetic (safe) and meteoric (potentially dangerous) water types occurring in mines. The work provides a brief overview of isotope investigations of water appearances in four Polish salt mines (Wapno, Inowroclaw and Klodawa Salt Mines located in north central Poland and Wieliczka Salt Mine located in southern Poland) performed over the past forty years. Introduction Polish salt deposits are situated in the north-central and southern part of Poland (Figure 1). They are represented either by salt domes or salt beds, usually covered by water bearing Tertiary and Quaternary formations, sometimes surrounded by older deposits. There are three groups of water which make their appearance in salt mines: i) meteoric waters of infiltration origin , recharged during both Quaternary and pre-Quaternary climates; ii) syngenetic waters; iii) technological waters and waters of unknown origin. -
'Wieliczka' Salt Mine (UNESCO)
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015 A Concept of Making Use of Closed Underground Workings for Heat Recovery in Historical 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine (UNESCO) Andrzej Gonet1, Stanislaw Stryczek2, Aneta Sapinska-Sliwa3, Krzysztof Brudnik4, Tomasz Sliwa5 1) 2) 3) 5) Drilling, Oil&Gas Faculty, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland; 4) “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, Wieliczka, Poland 1) [email protected], 2) [email protected], 3) [email protected], 4) [email protected], 5) [email protected] Keywords: Salt mine, geoenergetics, closed loop, geothermal source heat pump, mining heat. ABSTRACT A concept of exploiting heat from old workings to be closed in the 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine is described in the paper. The monumental salt mine has been uninterruptedly operational since the 13th century. At present this is predominantly a museum of mining industry visited by over a million tourists from all over the world each year. The 'Wieliczka' Salt Mine has been put on the first UNESCO World Heritage List of 1978. The operations performed in the mine are related to maintaining historical workings, the Tourist Route and the extreme Miner's Route. Apart from this, an underground sanatorium was made for curing various diseases, mainly allergies. Part of over 200 km long workings and saline domes were liquidated to maintain the monumental part of the mine. Therefore a concept was proposed, according to which in part of the old workings, prior to the liquidation and backfilling, heat reception systems should be built. Thus obtained heat could be used by the underground sanatorium, e.g. -
Uchwała Nr III/12/2018 Z Dnia 21 Grudnia 2018 R
DZIENNIK URZĘDOWY WOJEWÓDZTWA MAŁOPOLSKIEGO Kraków, dnia 7 stycznia 2019 r. Poz. 122 UCHWAŁA BUDŻETOWA GMINY WIELICZKA NA ROK 2019 NR III/12/2018 RADY MIEJSKIEJ W WIELICZCE z dnia 21 grudnia 2018 r. Na podstawie art. 239 ustawy z dnia 27 sierpnia 2009 r. o finansach publicznych (t.j.: Dz.U. z 2017 r., poz. 2077 z późn. zm.) oraz art. 18 ust. 2 pkt. 4 i pkt 9 lit. d ustawy z dnia 8 marca 1990 r. o samorządzie gminnym (t.j. Dz.U. z 2018 r., poz. 994 z późn. zm.) Rada Miejska w Wieliczce uchwala, co następuje: § 1. Ustala się łączną kwotę planowanych dochodów budżetu na 2019 r. w wysokości 329.200.395,42 zł, w tym: 1) dochody bieżące: 272.013.871,90 zł; 2) dochody majątkowe: 57.186.523,52 zł; - jak w załączniku nr 1 do uchwały. § 2. Ustala się łączną kwotę wydatków budżetu na 2019 r. w wysokości 336.189.058,42 zł, z czego: 1) wydatki bieżące: 248.904.578,03 zł; 2) wydatki majątkowe: 87.284.480,39 zł - jak w załączniku nr 2 do uchwały. § 3. Różnica między dochodami a wydatkami stanowi planowany deficyt budżetu w kwocie 6.988.663,00 zł, który zostanie pokryty przychodami pochodzącymi z: 1) zaciąganego kredytu w kwocie 4.560.000,00 zł, 2) zaciąganej pożyczki w kwocie 2.428.663,00 zł. § 4. 1. Ustala się łączną kwotę przychodów budżetu w wysokości 17.428.663,00 zł oraz łączną kwotę rozchodów budżetu w wysokości 10.440.000,00 zł, jak w załączniku nr 3 do uchwały. -
Historic Salt Mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia Zabytkowe Kopalnie Soli W Wieliczce I Bochni
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AGH (Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza) University of Science and Technology: Journals Geoturystyka 4 (18) 2008: 61-70 Historic salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia Zabytkowe kopalnie soli w Wieliczce i Bochni Janusz Wiewiórka1, Józef Charkot2, Krzysztof Dudek3 & Małgorzata Gonera4 1 Retired geologist of the Wieliczka and Bochnia Salt Mines, Park Kingi 5, 32-020 Wieliczka 2 Cracow Saltworks Museum Wieliczka, Zamkowa 8, 32-020 Wieliczka, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, e-mail: [email protected] 4 Nature Conservation Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, e-mail: [email protected] Kraków – Krakowskie Żupy Solne. W XVI wieku był to największy ośrodek produkcyjny w Polsce i jeden z największych w Europie. Wydobycie soli kamiennej zakończyło się w Bochni w 1990, a w Wieliczce Warszawa Wieliczka w 1996 roku. Obydwa złoża znajdują się w utworach sfałdowanego Bochnia miocenu (baden – M4) jednostki zgłobickiej Karpat zewnętrznych. Seria solonośna składa się z formacji skawińskiej, wielickiej Dobczyce (ewaporaty) i warstw chodenickich. Złoże solne Wieliczki zbu- dowane jest z górnego złoża bryłowego i dolnego pokładowego. Kraków Myślenice Złoże bryłowe zostało utworzone w wyniku podmorskich spływów w południowej części basenu ewaporacyjnego. Obydwie części zło- Abstract: Historic salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia are situ- ża zostały ostatecznie uformowane w wyniku ruchów nasuwczych ated by the old trade road from Kraków to the east, in the region Karpat. -
PROGRAM OCHRONY ŚRODOWISKA MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA Wieliczka, Grudzień 2008 R
Załącznik Nr 1 do Uchwały Rady Miejskiej w Wieliczce Nr XXIV/352/2008 z dnia 30.12.2008 r. PROGRAM OCHRONY ŚRODOWISKA MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA Wieliczka, grudzień 2008 r. Wykonawca : Przedsiębiorstwo Usługowe „POŁUDNIE II” sp. z o.o. Zakład Pracy Chronionej Biuro Inżynierii Środowiska i Rozwoju Technologii 31-444 Kraków, ul. Śliczna 34 Zespół autorski: mgr inż. Stanisław Gastoł mgr inż. Agnieszka Dutkiewicz mgr inż. Mariusz Krawczyk 2 SPIS TREŚCI 1. WSTĘP ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1. PODSTAWA PRAWNA OPRACOWANIA .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. KONCEPCJA I CEL OPRACOWANIA .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 METODYKA OPRACOWANIA ................................................................................................................................... 6 2. CHARAKTERYSTYKA GMINY ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. POŁOŻENIE ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.2. LUDNOŚĆ ......................................................................................................................................................... -
Leena, M. C. – Aamer, A
Leena et al.: Physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic characterization of extremely halophilic bacteria isolated from Khewra mine, Pakistan - 1243 - PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM KHEWRA MINE, PAKISTAN LEENA, M. C. – AAMER, A. S. – ABDUL, H. – FARIHA, H.* Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 44000, Pakistan *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; phone: +92-51-9064-3065 (Received 3rd Aug 2017; accepted 30th Nov 2017) Abstract. Microflora entrapped in the salt deposits of Khewra salt mine, Pakistan has adapted to extreme conditions and nutrient scarcity to survive. Due to assumption that halophilic archaea dominate hypersaline environments, bacteria have often remained unexplored. The reports on extremely halophilic bacteria indigenous to Khewra mine are quite limited resulting in largely unexplored biodiversity of the salt mine. Here we attempted to fill that gap by isolating eight halophilic bacteria, out of which four extremely halophilic bacteria were selected for physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization. The phylogenetic characterization inferred through comparative partial 16S rRNA sequences identified these strains as HSL1-Oceanobacillus onchorhynci subsp. Incaldanensis, HSL4- Staphylococcus lentus, HSL6-Bacillus endophyticus and HSL7-Bacillus aquimaris. These isolates could tolerate a wide range of temperatures (15–45°C), pH (5–9) and survived up to 16% NaCl concentration. This tolerance is due to the stability of their enzymes. Enzyme assays revealed a substantial amount of production of protease, amylase, lipase, xylanase, urease, gelatinase, cellulose, and DNase. Conclusively, isolation and characterization of the extremely halophilic bacteria from Khewra mine indicated their important ecological role and contribution towards the microbial diversity. The ability to produce extreme-enzymes also established the potential of the isolates as valuable resources for significant biotechnological applications. -
Studium Uwarunkowań I Kierunków
Zał ącznik Nr 1a do Uchwały NR LIV/662/2018 z dnia 11 wrze śnia 2018 Rady Miejskiej w Wieliczce STUDIUM UWARUNKOWA Ń I KIERUNKÓW ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PRZESTRZENNEGO MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA cz ęść I „Stan istniej ący i uwarunkowania rozwoju gminy i miasta Wieliczka” Zmiana Studium uwarunkowa ń i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego miasta i gminy Wieliczka SPIS TRE ŚCI 1.WPROWADZENIE ...........................................................................................................5 1.1. PODSTAWA I CEL OPRACOWANIA STUDIUM ........................................................5 1.2. KONSTRUKCJA I METODA OPRACOWANIA ...........................................................7 2. OGÓLNA CHARAKTERYSTYKA MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA ........................... 10 2.1. PODSTAWOWE DANE O MIEŚCIE ......................................................................... 10 2.2. POŁOŻENIE GEOGRAFICZNE ................................................................................. 10 2.3. HISTORIA I UKŁAD PRZESTRZENNY .................................................................... 11 2.4. NAJWAŻNIEJSZE CELE POLITYKI PRZESTRZENNEJ ........................................... 13 3. OCENA UWARUNKOWA Ń ROZWOJU MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA ................ 15 3.1. PRZESTRZENNE MOŻLIWOŚCI ROZWOJU MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA ........ 15 3.2. STAN I FUNKCJONOWANIE SRODOWISKA PRZYRODNICZEGO ........................ 18 3.2.1. RZEŹBA TERENU, FORMY GEOMORFOLOGICZNE ........................................ 18 3.2.2. WARUNKI GEOLOGICZNE .............................................................................. -
Studium Uwarunkowań
Zał ącznik Nr 1a do Uchwały NR ………….. z dnia ………………..... Rady Miejskiej w Wieliczce STUDIUM UWARUNKOWA Ń I KIERUNKÓW ZAGOSPODAROWANIA PRZESTRZENNEGO MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA cz ęść I „Stan istniej ący i uwarunkowania rozwoju gminy i miasta Wieliczka” Zmiana Studium uwarunkowa ń i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego miasta i gminy Wieliczka SPIS TRE ŚCI 1.WPROWADZENIE ...........................................................................................................5 1.1. PODSTAWA I CEL OPRACOWANIA STUDIUM ........................................................5 1.2. KONSTRUKCJA I METODA OPRACOWANIA ...........................................................7 2. OGÓLNA CHARAKTERYSTYKA MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA ........................... 10 2.1. PODSTAWOWE DANE O MIEŚCIE ......................................................................... 10 2.2. POŁOŻENIE GEOGRAFICZNE ................................................................................. 10 2.3. HISTORIA I UKŁAD PRZESTRZENNY .................................................................... 11 2.4. NAJWAŻNIEJSZE CELE POLITYKI PRZESTRZENNEJ ........................................... 13 3. OCENA UWARUNKOWA Ń ROZWOJU MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA ................ 15 3.1. PRZESTRZENNE MOŻLIWOŚCI ROZWOJU MIASTA I GMINY WIELICZKA ........ 15 3.2. STAN I FUNKCJONOWANIE SRODOWISKA PRZYRODNICZEGO ........................ 18 3.2.1. RZEŹBA TERENU, FORMY GEOMORFOLOGICZNE ........................................ 18 3.2.2. WARUNKI GEOLOGICZNE .............................................................................. -
Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines (Poland)
drainage works, the property was removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger in 1998 (22 COM VII.2). A buffer Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt zone was proposed by the State Party and accepted by Mines the World Heritage Committee in 2008 (32 COM 8B.63). (Poland) Consultations No 32ter ICOMOS consulted TICCIH and several independent experts. Technical Evaluation Mission An ICOMOS technical evaluation mission visited the Official name as proposed by the State Party property from 18 to 22 September 2012. Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines Additional information requested and received from Location the State Party Małopolska region, Bochnia municipality ICOMOS sent a letter to the State Party on 19 December Poland 2012, asking it to: Examine whether the property can be extended to Brief description include technical elements above ground; The rock salt mines of Wieliczka and Bochnia have been Clarify whether the Goluchowski level of the Bochnia th worked since the 13 century. They are the oldest of their mine forms part of the property or not; type in Europe. They have a number of underground Set up a common Steering Committee for the three levels, forming hundreds of kilometres of galleries with component parts of the serial property; numerous excavated rock salt chambers. The chambers Update and approve the conservation master plan have been transformed into underground chapels, for the Bochnia mine; storerooms, and diverse other rooms, in which altars and Be particularly vigilant in the control of urban statues have been sculpted from the rock salt. Above development in the buffer zone. -
Creating Tourism Destinations of Underground Built Heritage—The Cases of Salt Mines in Poland, Portugal, and Romania
sustainability Article Creating Tourism Destinations of Underground Built Heritage—The Cases of Salt Mines in Poland, Portugal, and Romania Kinga Kimic 1,* , Carlos Smaniotto Costa 2 and Mihaela Negulescu 3 1 Department of Landscape Architecture, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland 2 Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Education and Development, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Urban Planning, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Academiei Street 18-20, 010014 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Salt mines, a significant category of local, regional, national, and/or European underground heritage, are becoming attractive tourism destinations. This paper examines three cases of salt mining in different European countries, namely Wieliczka in Poland, Campina de Cima in Portugal, and Turda in Romania. They are analyzed in the context of history, typical attributes of their attractiveness, and new uses after the salt extraction was or is going to be stopped, in order to detect their unique values as important assets for both Underground Built Heritage (UBH) and Salt Heritage Tourism (SHT). The results of their comparison show that despite a positive impact related to their protection as cultural and industrial heritage, there are also some negative aspects related to increasing costs Citation: Kimic, K.; Smaniotto Costa, C.; Negulescu, M. Creating Tourism of their maintenance and adaptation of salt mines to new functions and to meet the tourism needs. Destinations of Underground Built By putting in place measures to enhance the awareness of their values and for activating the local Heritage—The Cases of Salt Mines in community, the three mines are showcases for the economic outputs for their sites and regions, as Poland, Portugal, and Romania. -
Methanotrophic Activity of Rocks Surrounding Badenian Salts in the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine
Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, February 2018, Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 107 – 119, DOI:10.26471/cjees/2018/013/011 METHANOTROPHIC ACTIVITY OF ROCKS SURROUNDING BADENIAN SALTS IN THE “WIELICZKA” SALT MINE Zofia STĘPNIEWSKA, Weronika GORAJ, Agnieszka WOLIŃSKA, Anna SZAFRANEK-NAKONIECZNA, Artur BANACH & Andrzej GÓRSKI The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Str. Konstantynow 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Microbial life in Earth’s deep subsurface is currently known to reach depths of several kilometers within the continental crust. Methanotrophs are a subset of a physiological group of bacteria known as methylotrophs. Phylogenetically, methanotrophs belong to α- or γ- Proteobacteria, but there are also some representatives affiliated as Verrucomicrobia and NC10 phylum. Halotolerant and halophilic methanotrophs have been isolated from seawater, coastal lagoons, and several soda lakes. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of oxidation of methane by microorganisms inhabiting the rocks surrounding salt deposits in the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine. The research material was taken from rocks lying in the immediate vicinity of the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine deposits. The research material was diverse in terms of the depth, lithology, and surrounding salt deposit types. The determinations of the ability of the microbial community from the tested rocks to oxidize methane were performed by incubation of a crushed rock under methane atmosphere (10 % (v/v)). Gas composition was measured by the gas chromatography technique. Methanotrophic activity was determined based on the dynamics of methane consumption and expressed as micromole per grams of dry weight of sample per day. -
Poland Kraków U Warsaw
Poland Kraków u Warsaw ea UNESCO ic S GdaŃsk Balt World Heritage Site Air Routing ToruŃ POLAND Warsaw WrocŁaw CzĘstochowa Auschwitz-Birkenau CZECH Kraków REPUBLIC Wieliczka Salt Mine SLOVAKIA July 16 to 24, 2022 Join us for an intimate exploration of Poland’s multifaceted Warsaw u Kraków u Wieliczka Salt Mine history and culture through this uniquely designed, Auschwitz-Birkenau seven-night itinerary. Visit four UNESCO World Heritage 1 Depart the U.S. or Canada sites—the historic centers of Warsaw and Kraków, 2 Warsaw, Poland the solemn Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and the 3 Warsaw masterfully carved Wieliczka Salt Mine. Discover Warsaw’s dynamic past in its restored palaces and the Monument 4 Warsaw to the Heroes of the Warsaw Uprising. See the revered 5 Warsaw/Częstochowa/Kraków Black Madonna icon in Częstochowa’s Pauline Monastery 6 Kraków of Jasna Góra. Specially arranged Cultural Enrichments 7 Kraków/Wieliczka Salt Mine include the Town & Country Life® Forum with local residents, a recital of music by celebrated Polish composer 8 Kraków/Auschwitz-Birkenau Chopin and meals featuring authentic cuisine. Enjoy ideally 9 Kraków/Return to the U.S. or Canada located, deluxe accommodations in Warsaw and Kraków. Itinerary is subject to change. Gdańsk Pre-Program and Wrocław Post-Program Options. Poland reserve early! From $3,695 per person, double Included Features* occupancy (approximate land only)* In Warsaw TOWN & COUNTRY LIFE® CULTURAL POLAND uThree nights in the deluxe Hotel Bristol. o Please send me/us the travel program u Private Welcome Reception in the hotel. brochure uBreakfast each morning and one dinner in the hotel.