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RRS Discovery Cruise 260
RRS Discovery Cruise 260 Metabolism, activity and distribution patterns in demersal deep-sea fish 6th-24th March 2002 Principal Scientist: Dr Martin A Collins Cover picture: A wave breaking over the stern of Discovery during cruise 260 (Ian Hudson). 2 Discovery 250 Scientific Party Martin Collins Aberdeen University Monty Priede Aberdeen University Phil Bagley Aberdeen University David Bailey Aberdeen University Camila Henriques Aberdeen University Kirsty Kemp Aberdeen University Richard Paterson Aberdeen University Emma Battle Aberdeen University Steve Hoskin Aberdeen University Rob McAllen Aberdeen University Alan Jamieson Aberdeen University Kostas Christodoulou IMBC, Crete/ Aberdeen University Ben Boorman Southampton Oceanography Centre Ian Hudson Southampton Oceanography Centre Rhian Waller Southampton Oceanography Centre Francisco Benitez Southampton Oceanography Centre Dan Mayor Southampton Oceanography Centre Sandrine le Polain University of Louvain Bertrand Genard University of Louvain Amanda Brindley Queen Mary College, London Hans-Joachen Wagner University of Tübingen Uli Mattheus University of Tübingen Xiaohong Deng University of Maryland Darren Young UKORS (TLO) Jeff Bicknell UKORS Rob Mclaughlan UKORS Phil Taylor UKORS Simon Dodd UKORS Ships Company Robin Plumley Master Peter Seargeant Chief Officer John Mitchell 2nd Officer Peter Reynolds 3rd Officer Jet Jethwa Chief Engineer Ian Slater 2nd Engineer Steve Bell 3rd Engineer John Harnett 3rd Engineer Dave Stewart ETO Mick Trevaskis CPOD (Bosun) Peter Bennet POD Dave Buffery -
Octopoda: Opisthoteuthidae: Grimpoteuthis Sp.)
Marine Biology (2020) 167:82 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03701-1 SHORT NOTE First in situ observation of Cephalopoda at hadal depths (Octopoda: Opisthoteuthidae: Grimpoteuthis sp.) Alan J. Jamieson1 · Michael Vecchione2 Received: 6 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 May 2020 / Published online: 26 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract The Cephalopoda are not typically considered characteristic of the benthic fauna at hadal depths (depths exceeding 6000 m), yet occasional open-net trawl samples have implied that they might be present to ~ 8000 m deep. Previous in situ photographic evidence has placed the deepest cephalopod at 5145 m. The discrepancies between the two have meant that the maximum depth for cephalopods has gone unresolved. In this study we report on unequivocal sightings, by HD video lander, of a cephalopod at hadal depths. The demersal cirrate octopod Grimpoteuthis sp. was observed at both 5760 and 6957 m in the Indian Ocean. These observations extend the known maximum depth range for cephalopods by 1812 m and increase the potential benthic habitat available to cephalopods from 75 to 99% of the global seafoor. Introduction which are known to attach their eggs to the seafoor, was found in the intestine of the snailfish Pseudoliparis The total bathymetric range of marine organisms is often (Careproctus) amblystomopsis from the same trench at difficult to resolve accurately because sampling effort 7210–7230 m (Birstein and Vinogradov 1955) which also becomes less frequent with increasing depth. One impor- indicated a hadal distribution (Akimushkin 1963). Finally, tant group with ambiguous records of maximum depth is the in 1975 a specimen of Grimpoteuthis sp. -
The Next Generation of Ocean Exploration. Kelly Walsh Repeats Father’S Historic Dive, 60 Years Later, on Father’S Day Weekend
From father to son; the next generation of ocean exploration. Kelly Walsh repeats father’s historic dive, 60 years later, on Father’s Day weekend DSSV Pressure Drop. Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench 200miles SW of Guam. June 20th, 2020 – Kelly Walsh, 52, today completed a historic dive to approximately 10,925m in the Challenger Deep. The dive location was the Western Pool, the same area that was visited by Kelly’s father, Captain Don Walsh, USN (Ret), PhD, who was the pilot of the bathyscaph ‘Trieste’ during the first dive to the Challenger Deep in 1960. Mr. Walsh’s 12- hour dive, coordinated by EYOS Expeditions, was undertaken aboard the deep-sea vehicle Triton 36000/2 ‘Limiting Factor” piloted by the owner of the vehicle Victor Vescovo, a Dallas, Texas based businessman and explorer. The expedition to the Challenger Deep is a joint venture by Caladan Oceanic, Triton Submarines and EYOS Expeditions. Mr. Vescovo and his team made headlines last year by completing a circumnavigation of the globe that enabled Mr. Vescovo to become the first person to dive to the deepest point of each of the worlds five oceans. The dives by father and son connect a circle of exploration history that spans 60 years. “It was a hugely emotional journey for me,” said Kelly Walsh aboard DSSV Pressure Drop, the expedition’s mothership. “I have been immersed in the story of Dad’s dive since I was born-- people find it fascinating. It has taken 60 years but thanks to EYOS Expeditions and Victor Vescovo we have now taken this quantum leap forward in our ability to explore the deep ocean. -
First in Situ Observation of Cephalopoda at Hadal Depths (Octopoda: Opisthoteuthidae: Grimpoteuthis Sp.)
Marine Biology (2020) 167:82 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03701-1 SHORT NOTE First in situ observation of Cephalopoda at hadal depths (Octopoda: Opisthoteuthidae: Grimpoteuthis sp.) Alan J. Jamieson1 · Michael Vecchione2 Received: 6 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 May 2020 / Published online: 26 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract The Cephalopoda are not typically considered characteristic of the benthic fauna at hadal depths (depths exceeding 6000 m), yet occasional open-net trawl samples have implied that they might be present to ~ 8000 m deep. Previous in situ photographic evidence has placed the deepest cephalopod at 5145 m. The discrepancies between the two have meant that the maximum depth for cephalopods has gone unresolved. In this study we report on unequivocal sightings, by HD video lander, of a cephalopod at hadal depths. The demersal cirrate octopod Grimpoteuthis sp. was observed at both 5760 and 6957 m in the Indian Ocean. These observations extend the known maximum depth range for cephalopods by 1812 m and increase the potential benthic habitat available to cephalopods from 75 to 99% of the global seafoor. Introduction which are known to attach their eggs to the seafoor, was found in the intestine of the snailfish Pseudoliparis The total bathymetric range of marine organisms is often (Careproctus) amblystomopsis from the same trench at difficult to resolve accurately because sampling effort 7210–7230 m (Birstein and Vinogradov 1955) which also becomes less frequent with increasing depth. One impor- indicated a hadal distribution (Akimushkin 1963). Finally, tant group with ambiguous records of maximum depth is the in 1975 a specimen of Grimpoteuthis sp. -
Pseudoliparis Swirei Sp. Nov.: a Newly-Discovered Hadal Snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench
Zootaxa 4358 (1): 161–177 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84494502-9E85-49DA-8530-092AF8918D88 Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov.: A newly-discovered hadal snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench MACKENZIE E. GERRINGER1, THOMAS D. LINLEY2, ALAN J. JAMIESON2, ERICA GOETZE1 & JEFFREY C. DRAZEN1 1Dept. Of Oceanography, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, HI 96822. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2School of Marine Science and Technology, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. NE1 7RU. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov. is described from 37 individuals collected in the Mariana Trench at depths 6898–7966 m. The collection of this new species is the deepest benthic capture of a vertebrate with corroborated depth data. Here, we describe P. swirei sp. nov. and discuss aspects of its morphology, biology, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships to other hadal liparids based on analysis of three mitochondrial genes. Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov. is almost certainly en- demic to the Mariana Trench, as other hadal liparids appear isolated to a single trench/ trench system in the Kermadec, Macquarie, South Sandwich, South Orkney, Peru-Chile, Kurile-Kamchatka and Japan trenches. The discovery of another hadal liparid species, apparently abundant at depths where other fish species are few and only found in low numbers, pro- vides further evidence for the dominance of this family among the hadal fish fauna. -
REPRINT Hadal Manned Submersible
REPRINT Hadal Manned Submersible Five Deeps Expedition Explores Deepest Point in Every Ocean By Dr. Alan J. Jamieson • John Ramsey • Patrick Lahey he very deepest parts of the world’s oceans are sel- Tdom explored. Four of our five oceans extend to depths exceeding 6,000 m, putting them beyond the reach of most commercially available technologies and certainly beyond all human-occupied vehicles currently in operation. Scientific interest in these ultradeep ecosystems has greatly increased over the last decade, but technological Deeps Expedition) Five (Credit: limitations have favored the use of simple static lander vehicles over remotely operated or human-occupied ex- ploratory vehicles. The Five Deeps Expedition (FDE) is changing all that. In 2015, Victor Vescovo, an American private-equity in- vestor and explorer and founder of Caladan Oceanic, approached Triton Submarines in Florida with a vision to design, engineer, build, test and support a full-ocean- depth-capable and independently accredited two-person manned submersible, which he intended to dive to the deepest point in each of the five oceans over the course of a year-long expedition. In a little over three years, this vision became reality. In December 2018, Vescovo performed his first solo dive in a two-person, full-ocean-depth submersible to 8,376 m in the Puerto Rico Trench, and the expedition is now more than halfway through its journey. The FDE is supported by an international team of scientists, engineers, filmmakers and operational crew (both ship and submersible). The DSV Limiting Factor (Triton 36,000/2) being By the end of 2019, the Five Deeps Expedition, sup- deployed for testing in the Bahamas in 2018. -
Diving Deep Sea
DIVING DEEP SEA and the oceans to people. Visitors will experience the underwa- ter world close up and can discuss it right there on board,” says Salvador, who had previously worked in aerospace for six years. his submersible is a minor miracle that can reach the depths of the sea. It is a highly sensitive tool – a metal capsule, TOURISTS OF THE DEEP yet so ingeniously built that it can carry two people to the ocean The new submersible was pressure-tested on the open sea just bed, 11 kilometers down. The plant where it was serviced after a few days ago. It was a success. None of the interior fittings the successful Five Deeps Expedition is in San Cugat del Vallés have been put in yet. Metal, acrylic glass, and a massive, bolt- near Barcelona. Hector Salvador, general manager of the Span- ed-on porthole give clues to what it will eventually look like. ish branch of the American submersible manufacturer Triton Tourists will spend their leisure time travelling beneath the Submarines, is there when we arrive. He opens the door of the water in it at speeds of up to three knots (5.5 km/h). The loca- production facility and a loud roaring and hammering greets tion for building these submersibles is interesting: “When we us. Every step brings us closer to the beating heart of the plant started on Deep View back then, we looked for the best suppli- with its 15 workers. The latest Triton project is standing there on ers. Surprisingly, we found almost all of them right here around a pedestal: the body of Deep View 100/24. -
In Depth July 2021
MAPPING THE FLOOR OF OUR OCEANS Newsletter of The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project Click herfe EDITORIAL Increasing the momentum The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development has been off to an eventful start for Seabed 2030. In addition to being one of the first Actions officially endorsed as part of the Decade, Seabed 2030 has also signed a Memorandum of Arrangement with a Government – the first of its kind to date. Following the MOA, New Zealand’s Government officially joins us as a partner, but as a host of one of our Regional Centers, New Zealand has already provided steadfast support to Seabed 2030 from the outset. This adds to the significant support that we already receive from a number of Member States of both IHO and IOC, and we look forward to encouraging further partnerships across the world to drive forward our mission. Seabed 2030 has also been selected as one of 80 projects to be showcased at this year’s Paris Peace Forum. Since its creation, the Forum has supported and accompanied more than 300 projects that respond to the cross-border challenges of our time. I’d also like to congratulate the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) on its 100th anniversary, which was celebrated on World Hydrography Day on 21 June. It was IHO which, with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC), helped to inspire and develop the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). GEBCO was formed in 1903 in Monaco as an initiative led by Prince Albert I to produce “a high-resolution digital map from the coast to the deepest trench of the ocean that enables scientists to explore and understand how the works” - this will also inform policy, and supply the management of natural maritime resources for a sustainable blue economy. -
Molloy Deep (Also Scientifically Referred to As the Molloy Hole), the Deepest Point in the Arctic Ocean
Five Deeps Expedition is complete after historic dive to the bottom of the Arctic Ocean Victor Vescovo and team complete the final mission of the expedition in world’s deepest diving operational submersible, the Limiting Factor Expedition Filmed By Atlantic Production for Discovery Channel Documentary Series New York - (September 9th, 2019) Explorer Victor Vescovo has become the first human to dive to the bottom of the deepest point of all five of the world’s oceans. On August 24th, with external sea temperatures dropping to -2 °C, Victor dived to a depth of 5,550 +/- 14 metres in the Molloy Deep (also scientifically referred to as the Molloy Hole), the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean. This was the first manned dive to ever reach the bottom of the Molloy Deep and marked the completion of the 5th and final stage of the historic Five Deeps Expedition, a mission to reach the deepest point of all five of the Earth’s oceans in a manned submersible and diving them solo. This expedition was completed using the DSV Limiting Factor – a specially-designed submersible (Triton 36000/2 model) - the world’s deepest diving and only commercial, DNV GL-certified, operational submersible and its support ship, the DSSV Pressure Drop. The Molloy Deep was formed as the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates split apart and lies 170 miles west of Svalbard, Norway. Three successful dives took place over the course of three days. Victor Vescovo went by himself to complete the first manned dive to the bottom of the Molloy Deep, reaching a bottom depth of 5,550 metres. -
WP5 and WP9 to Perform Pelagic Bioluminescence Profile Surveys at Each Site
AAbbuunnddaannccee ooff BBiioolluummiinneesscceenntt ssoouurrcceess iinn tthhee ddeeeepp MMeeddiitteerrrraanneeaann SSeeaa Alan Jamieson, Amy Heger & Monty Priede Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. •Objectives: The University of Aberdeen’s Oceanlab is participating in WP5 and WP9 to perform pelagic bioluminescence profile surveys at each site Oceanlab currently has 8 years of bioluminescence profiling experience Preliminary data from the ANTARES and NESTOR sites has been obtained • Two types of bioluminescence in the deep sea: – Bacteria – Steady baseline source of light from bacterial films on structures or on marine snow particles. – Animals – Flashes of light from light organs or extrusion of luminescent material into the water Protozoa - ca 1mm Copepods - ca 1mm Ctenophores - 10mm + tentacles to 100mm Medusae - 1-50cm Salps - Colonies up to 10m long. e.g. Maximum luminescent intensities for copepods 12 Range 0.03-377x1011 mean 56 x 1011 10 8 r e b m 6 u N 4 Flash frequency = <100ms - >600ms 2 Flash duration = 2s - 17s 0 Other; 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Jellyfish = 2x1011 photons s-1 -1 11 Photons .s x 10 Crustacean = 1-3x1011 photons s-1 • Bioluminescence sampling techniques Bathyphotometers • Animals tend to flash at unpredictable intervals so the normal way to measure bioluminescence in the water is by stimulation in a flow- through bathyphotometer Count photons/litre PMT Inlet Exhaust Light Pump chamber Pumping Photometers are limited by inlet size and flow rate Bioluminescence sampling techniques ISIT camera/Splat-screen • Bioluminescence is mechanically stimulated by a mesh screen placed in front of a downward looking ultra low-light camera (ISIT = 10-9 ųW/cm-2) • The screen and camera are deployed either on a lander or a CTD probe A B C D A – Ultra-low-light camera B – Power/control unit C – Lamp D – Splat-screen Bathyphotometers vs. -
Draft Report on Assessing Cumulative Impacts
DRAFT ONLY FOR WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS; NOT TO QUOTE; NOT TO CIRCULATE; NOT TO BE USED FOR EXTERNAL PUBLICATION Qualitative Mathematical Models for Assessing Cumulative Impacts on Ecosystems of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from Future Exploitation of Polymetallic Sulphides Executive Summary The International Seabed Authority (ISA), in collaboration with the Atlantic REMP Project (funded by the European Union) and the Government of Portugal, convened the Workshop on the Regional Environmental Management Plan (REMP) for the Area of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), at the University of Évora, Évora, Portugal, from 25-29 November 2019. This workshop focused on compiling and synthesizing scientific data and information to support the application of area-based management tools and adaptive management as well as addressing cumulative impacts, which will provide input to the identification of potential environmental management measures for the development of the REMP in the region. A qualitative mathematical modelling approach based on expert knowledge was introduced to address cumulative impacts on MAR ecosystems from pressures associated with potential polymetallic sulphide (PMS) exploitation activities and other human and natural stressors in the region. Modelling exercises performed during the Évora workshop were constrained by: a) the limited time available; b) the narrow range of expertise represented at the workshop; and c) the lack of access to information to support the model descriptions, assumptions and outcomes. Two informal working groups were subsequently established to further develop qualitative mathematical models, through a series of video conference calls facilitated by the Marine Biodiversity Risk & Management team of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), the ISA Secretariat, and the Atlantic REMP Project, between March and June 2020. -
Deep-Sea Life
Deep-Sea Life Issue 1, March 2013 Welcome from the Editor Welcome to the first edition of Deep-Sea Life: a new informal publication for the deep-sea biology community. This newsletter aims to deliver current news regarding projects, new papers, meetings and workshops, cruises, student progress, jobs and training opportunities, opinion pieces and other useful information for the science community and all interested parties. Deep-Sea Life was inspired by the original Deep-Sea Newsletter that many of us will remember fondly, which started in October 1978 and was tirelessly edited by Dr Torben Wolff (University of Copenhagen). The newsletter was intended to open regular communication between the European and, latterly, the international deep-sea community and was closely associated with the Deep-Sea Biology Symposia, which started in 1981. This publication was very well-received and much appreciated by the community. The entire back catalogue of the Deep-Sea Newsletter (1978-2005) is now available in scanned form via the INDEEP website (thanks to Gary Poore, Museum Victoria, Australia): www.indeep-project.org/news/deepsea-newsletter-archive-now-online. It is my sincere hope that Deep-Sea Life (currently hosted by INDEEP and published digitally twice per year) will be a useful read and will enhance our communication on an international level. I would very much appreciate any feedback regarding any aspect of the publication, so that it may be improved as we go forward. Please circulate to your colleagues and students who I have not reached as yet, and have them contact me if they wish to be placed on the mailing list for this publication.