THE REPUBLIC of GHANA MINISTRY of TRANSPORTATION V6 GHANA HIGHWAY AUTHORITY
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E1749 THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION v6 GHANA HIGHWAY AUTHORITY Public Disclosure Authorized CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR THE ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN STUDIES FOR THE PAVEMENT STRENGTHENING OF KINTAMPO-PAGA ROAD (396 km) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SAI Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. in association with Limited Public Disclosure Authorized Terracon House No. C5 Adenkum Street JANUARY 2008 Off the Nii Tackie Tawiah Overpass P.O.Box AN 11658 Accra-North TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 Project Objectives 3 1.3 Expected Project Benefits 3 1.4 Study Methodology 4 1.5 Structure of Report 5 2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 5 2.1 Ghana Government’s Environmental Policy 5 2.2 Road Sector Policy and Administrative Framework 6 2.2.1 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) 7 2.3 Legal Framework 7 2.4 Environmental Assessment Regulations and Procedures 8 2.5 The World Bank Requirements 10 2.5.1 The Bank’s Safeguard Policies 10 2.5.2 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) 10 2.5.3 Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) 11 2.5.4 Forestry (OP/BP 4.36) 11 2.5.5 Management of Cultural Property (OPN 11.03) 11 2.5.6 Bank’s Policy on Disclosure 12 2.6 Institutional Framework 12 2.6.1 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements 13 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 15 3.1 Project Location 15 3.2 Existing Road Condition 16 3.2.1 Kintampo-Tamale Section 16 3.2.2 Tamale-Paga Section 16 3.3 Project Components 17 3.4 Construction Materials 17 3.5 Pavement Rehabilitation 20 3.5.1 Geometric Design Standards 20 i 3.5.2 Pavement Structures 21 3.6 Traffic Forecast 21 3.7 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment 24 3.7.1 Climbing Lanes 24 3.8 Road Signs 25 4.0 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES 26 4.1 “No Development Scenario” 26 4.2 Project Development Scenario 26 5.0 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 27 5.1 Physical Environment 27 5.1.1 Climate 27 5.1.1.1 Rainfall 27 5.1.1.2 Temperature 28 5.1.1.3 Relative Humidity 28 5.1.2 Air Quality and Noise Levels 28 5.1.3 Topography and Drainage 29 5.1.4 Vegetation 30 5.1.5 Fauna 31 5.1.6 Geology and Soils 32 5.1.7 Land use and Infrastructure 33 5.2 Socio-Economic Conditions 34 5.2.1 Project Area Population 34 5.2.2 Poverty 35 5.2.3 Health 35 5.2.4 Education and Employment 36 5.2.5 Economic Activities 36 5.2.6 Gender Issues 36 5.2.7 Indigenous Communities 36 6.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 37 6.1 Identification of Impacts 37 6.1.1 Direct Environmental Impacts 38 6.1.2 Indirect Impacts 39 6.1.3 Positive Impacts 39 6.1.4 Consultations with Stakeholders 40 ii 6.1.4.1 Summary of Project Appreciation and Concerns 41 6.2 Impact Matrix 42 6.3 Construction Phase Impacts 44 6.3.1 Dust Pollution 44 6.3.2 Noise and Vibration Impacts 44 6.3.3. Surface and Groundwater impacts 44 6.3.4 Destruction of flora and fauna 45 6.3.5 Land Degradation - Borrow Pits 46 6.3.6 Health and Safety Hazards of Local Communities 47 6.3.7 Construction Camp Impacts 47 6.3.8 Drainage, Soil Erosion and Sedimentation 48 6.4 Socio-Economic Impacts 49 6.4.1 Traffic Diversion 49 6.4.2 Disruption of Public Utilities 49 6.4.3 Public Health and Safety 49 6.4.4 Indigenous Communities and Settlements 50 6.4.5 Land Use and Resettlement 50 6.4.6 Disruption of Public Utilities 50 6.4.7 Impacts of Project on Road Users 50 6.4.8 Civic and Cultural Sites 51 6.5 Operational Phase Impacts 51 6.5.1 Air Pollution 51 6.5.2 Noise and Vibrations 51 6.5.3 Surface and Groundwater Pollution 52 6.5.4 Safety Risks for Vehicular and Pedestrian Traffic 56 6.5.5 Socio-Economic and Cultural Impacts 56 6.6 Summary of Potential Positive and Negative Impacts 57 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES 60 7.1 Mitigation of Bio-physical Adverse Impacts 60 7.1.1 Contractor’s Work Camp and Workshop Areas 61 7.1.2 General Management and Re-instatement of Borrow Pits 61 7.1.2.1 Site Selection 61 7.1.2.2 Demarcation of Work Area and Preservation of Trees 61 7.1.2.3 Payment of Compensation to Land Owners 62 7.1.2.4 Material Extraction 63 7.1.2.5 Re-instatement of Borrow Pits /Landscaping 62 7.1.2.6 New Sandpits or Borrow Pits 63 iii 7.1.3 Disposal of Waste Material 63 7.1.4 Prevention and Minimization of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation 64 7.1.5 Health and Safety Measures 64 7.1.6 Air (Dust) Pollution Control Measures 65 7.1.7 Prevention of Surface and Groundwater Pollution 66 7.1.8 Landscape Preservation 67 7.1.9 Noise and Vibration 67 7.1.10 Preservation of Cultural Goods 67 7.1.11 Traffic Signals 68 7.1.12 Traffic Diversion and Relocation of Public Utilities 68 7.2 Socio-Economic Mitigation Measures 69 7.2.1 Affected Properties 69 7.2.2 Access Problems 69 7.2.3 Public Health and Safety (PHS) 69 7.2.4 Disruption to Utilities 69 7.2.5 Inadequate Social Benefits 70 7.2.6 Improvement of Road Side Business 70 7.2.7 Road Safety and Education and Awareness Raising Campaigns 70 7.3 Cost of Mitigation Measures 70 7.4 Compensation/Resettlement Action Plan 72 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 73 8.1 Key Stakeholders 73 8.2 Key actions and Responsibilities 73 8.2.1 Key Actions 73 8.2.1.1 Protection of Existing Utilities and Works 73 8.2.1.2 Occupational Health and Safety Measures 73 8.2.1.3 Staff and Labour Issues 74 8.2.1.4 Social and Environmental Checklist 74 8.2.1.5 Livelihoods 74 8.2.1.6 Measures for Air and Noise Quality 75 8.2.1.7 Traffic Management during Construction 75 8.2.1.8 Employment 75 8.2.2 Key Responsibilities 76 8.2.2.1 Current Environmental Policy of GHA 76 8.2.2.2 General Roles and Responsibilities of the Consultant/Engineer 77 8.2.2.3 General Roles and Responsibilities of the Contractor 77 8.2.2.4 Environmental Management Responsibilities of the Public 79 iv 8.3 Key Environmental and Social Clauses 80 8.3.1 General Clauses 80 8.3.2 Environmental Clauses 80 8.4 Monitoring Plans 83 8.4.1 Construction Phase Monitoring and Enforcement 83 8.4.1.1 Monitoring Team 84 8.4.1.2 Checklist for Monitoring 84 8.4.2 Post-Construction Monitoring 85 8.4.3 Cost Estimates 88 8.5 Decommissioning 91 8.6 Institutional and Capacity Building 92 9.0 MAIN FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 92 REFERENCES 100 APPENDIX 1 CHECKLIST FOR FIELD ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS APPENDIX 2 CLIMATIC DATA APPENDIX 3 FLORA OCCURING IN THE PROJECT AREA APPENDIX 4 FAUNA OCCURING IN THE PROJECT AREA APPENDIX 5 LIST OF CONSULTEES APPENDIX 6 CHECKLIST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING APPENDIX 7 TERMS OF REFERENCE FO THE EIA STUDY APPENDIX 8 ROADSIDE ACTIVITIES CAPTURED DURING THE STUDY v LIST OF FIGURES Page No Fig. 1: Location Map of Kintampo-Paga Road 2 Fig. 2: The EIA Procedure in Ghana 9 Fig. 3: Beginning Sections of Road with paved shoulders 16 Fig. 4: Stone-pitched drains in Kintampo 16 Fig. 5: Sections between Tamale-Paga have failed due to extreme settlement 17 Fig. 6: Section through Walewale on the Tamale-Paga Section 17 Fig. 7: Roadside Vegatation at Southern Section 30 Fig. 8: Roadside Vegatation at Northern Section 30 Fig. 9: Mixed Land use along road corridor 34 Fig. 10: Farmlands and Wells along the road 34 Fig. 11: One of the numerous Schools along the road corridor 34 Fig. 12: Fuel filling stations in suburban and urban areas along the road corridor 34 Fig. 13: Women traders along the road in Babatokumah 36 Fig. 14: Women selling Yams at Gulumpe 36 Fig. 15: Structures in Rural Settlements 37 Fig. 16: Structures in Urban Settlements 37 Fig.: 17: Interaction with Truck Drivers at Paga Border 40 Fig.: 18: Interaction with Women Group at Kandiga Junction 40 Fig.: 19: Interaction with Chief and Elders at Wulugu 41 Fig.: 20: Interaction with Charcoal Sellers at Wulugu 41 Fig. 21: Black Volta at Buipe (ch 90+450) 45 Fig. 22: White Volta at Yapei (ch 151+000) 45 Fig. 23: Vegetation of project corridor which may be affected during Construction Phase 46 Fig 24: Un-recovered borrowed areas 47 Fig. 25: The Mosque to be affected by dust, noise and vibration during the project 51 Fig. 26: People crossing the existing road where there are no line markings 53 Fig. 27: The existing road line markings in Babatokumah 53 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1 : Potential Natural Gravel Borrow Areas Investigated (Kintampo-Tamale Section) 18 Table 2 : Potential Natural Gravel Borrow Areas Investigated (Tamale – Paga Section) 19 Table 3 : Sources of fine aggregates investigated along the Kintampo – Tamale Road 19 Table 4 : Sources of fine aggregates investigated along the Tamale – Bolgatanga Road.