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Introduzione alle Distribuzioni Linux Matteo Pani 22 ottobre 2016 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Cos’è una distribuzione Linux? Il mare magno delle distro Gestione del Software Panoramica delle più famose distro Ambienti Desktop LXDE Xfce GNOME KDE Unity Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 2 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Cos’è una distribuzione Linux? Definizione Una distribuzione (distro) Linux è un sistema operativo (SO), cioè l’insieme dei programmi di base e altri vari strumenti che permettono al computer di funzionare Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 3 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Cos’è una distribuzione Linux? Il Sistema Operativo È composto da vari componenti, come: I il bootloader I il kernel I i servizi (demoni) I la shell I server grafico I ambiente desktop (DE) Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 4 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Cos’è una distribuzione Linux? Un po’ di storia I 1984 - GNU Project (Richard Stallman) I SO libero: GNU I altri software I albori degli anni ’90 - GNU mancava ancora di un kernel I 1991 - kernel Linux (Linus Torvalds) I Linux era compatibile con GNU: nasce GNU/Linux! I serviva un modo sufficientemente pratico e automatizzato per installarlo e gestirlo: nascono le distribuzioni Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 5 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Cos’è una distribuzione Linux? (Ri)Definizione Una distribuzione (distro) Linux è un sistema operativo (SO) che usa Linux come kernel. Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 6 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Il mare magno delle distro Cosa differenzia le varie distribuzioni? I gestione software I pacchetti I politica di aggiornamento Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 7 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Gestione del Software I pacchetti Pacchetto archivio di file che include i file che compongono un software Repository archivio contenente i pacchetti Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 8 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Gestione del Software Package manager Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 9 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux "DistribuChe?" Gestione del Software Cosa differenzia le varie distribuzioni? I gestione software I pacchetti I politica di aggiornamento I ritmo di rilascio delle nuove versioni I Ambiente Desktop predefinito I programmi preinstallati I configurazioni varie Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 10 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux Panoramica delle più famose distro Quante distribuzioni esistono o sono esistite? 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Libranet Omoikane (Arma) Quantian Linux Distribution Timeline DSL-N Version 16.8 Damn Small Linux Hikarunix Damn Vulnerable Linux A. Lundqvist, D. Rodic - futurist.se/gldt KnoppMyth Konimex - github.com/konimex/linuxtimeline Danix Published under the GNU Free Documentation License Parsix Kanotix Auditor Security Linux Backtrack Kali Influence, developer switching Rebasing, substantial code flow, project overtaking Bioknoppix Developer & code sharing, project merging MAX Kaella ParallelKnoppix Musix Knoppix Symphony OS Whoppix WHAX B2D Joatha Shabdix Feather Medialinux Mediainlinux ArtistX INSERT Aquamorph Dreamlinux Morphix ZoneCD Hiwix Hiweed Deepin Kalango Kurumin Poseidon Dizinha NeoDizinha Patinho Faminto Progeny DeMuDi 64Studio gnuLiNex Lihuen BlackRhino MEPIS SimplyMEPIS antiX Impi Swift Bluewall K-DEMar kademar Euronode DeadCD Olive Underground Desktop UserLinux BeatriX MoLinux Tirwal BlankOn Trisquel VENENUX Tuquito 2XOS Epidemic Librassoc sidux aptosid siduction Webconverger GALPon MiniNo Estrella Roja Metamorphose Canaima Matriux DoudouLinux Linux Mint Debian GNUGuitarINUX Conducit Red Ribbon OpenMediaVault srvRX live LinuxBBQ Point Sparky Rescatux RoboLinux SELKS Parrot Debian PrimTux HandyLinux Tanglu Rebellin Univention Corporate Server Raspbian Volumio Xamin TurnKey Snowlinux Liquid Lemur SalineOS Progress UberStudent Semplice Tails Untangle Inquisitor Proxmox PelicanHPC BOSS PureOS Vyatta NepaLinux OS2005 Maemo Meego Harmattan Elive LliureX Voyage Resulinux Arco-Debian Arc-Live Ulteo Polippix Netrunner Kubuntu Asturix DEFT Bardinux Gobuntu Runtu Xubuntu Voyager PC/OS OS4 Black Lab PUD xPUD gNewSense Muslim Edition Sabily Madbox Mythbuntu Ubuntulite U-lite Greenie Fluxbuntu Eeebuntu Aurora OS Zebuntu ZevenOS Ultimate Edition Maryan Zorin OS CAINE XBMC Live A/V AV Monomaxos wattOS Zenix OS Element Dax OS AriOS Tango Studio Dream Studio Bodhi Elementary OS Descent|OS Mandragora Santoku Ubuntu GNOME Ubuntu Kylin Ubuntu MATE KDE Neon Ubuntu Ubuntu DesktopPack ChaletOS ExTiX Linux Lite Vulnix Airinux TorBOX Whonix Pear OS P@xtreme Pinguy OS BackBox SecUntu Jolicloud GnackTrack Ylmf StartOS Chromium OS LXLE Lubuntu Peppermint OS Qimo Vibuntu VINUX Newtoos eBox Zentyal MoonOS Ubuntu eee Easy Peasy Leeenux Ubuntu Rescue Remix CrunchBang Bunsen Labs gOS CrunchBang++ Kiwi Geubuntu OpenGEU Moblin Ubuntu Studio Uberyl ComFusion Satanic Edition Commodore OS Mint quantOS Christian Edition nUbuntu Edubuntu Arabian grml Clonezilla Live DRBL Guadalinex Amber Xebian ASLinux miniwoody Bonzai Rxart Lindows Linspire Freespire Skolelinux LEAF Gibraltar Storm Corel Xandros Ophone Android CyanogenMod Cyanogen OS Bogus Trans-Ameritech webOS Mini Monkey Openwall Yggdrasil Linux Universe Tinfoil Hat Devil TAMU DILINUX DOSLINUX Midori Tiny Core Craftworks MCC Interim Xdenu SmoothWall GPL SmoothWall Express IPCop IPFire OpenWRT Lede Project Macpup Simplicity Puppy Sage Live CD TEENpup Legacy OS BluePoint Mamona Quirky eIT easyLinux Yoper Bedrock Beehive 4M Leka Rescue Floppy Jarro Negro Project Ballantin FREESCO LinuxConsole Source Mage Sorcerer Lunar GoboLinux Paldo Dragora Solus UHU NixOS TANTE! SliTaz Tiny SliTaz Ophcrack Syllable Server Exherbo Hadron GeeXboX LibreELEC OpenELEC Lakka Gentoox Navyn OS Pentoo RR4 Sabayon Kororaa Korora Papug Toorox Funtoo Liberté CoreOS Enoch Gentoo AnikOS Nova SystemRescueCD Calculate Pardus Bintoo epiOS VidaLinux VLOS Jollix Ututo Ututo XS Ututo-e SLS MNIS Stampede VectorLinux Wolvix Gnu-HALO Slax SLAMPP DNALinux Plamo Stux STUX DARKSTAR Minislack Zenwalk Slack/390 Kate KateOS MOPSLinux AgiliaLinux Slamd64 pQui Sauver Voltalinux Bluewhite64 Wifislax Draco Wifiway Kongoni Lin2Go SlaXBMC Porteus Slackware Slackel Salix Linvo PLATYPUX SMS Superb Mini Server ARMedslack Slackware ARM SL4P Absolute How-Tux RIP Slackintosh NetSecL Frugalware NimbleX HostGIS GoblinX Imagineos AUSTRUMI Kwort DeLi ConnochaetOS DeLi(cate) Topologilinux EvilEntity Tiny Burapha Caixa Mágica Sun JDS Linkat GeckoLinux S.u.S.E SuSE SUSE openSUSE EasyNAS JOPUX NLD SLED SLES Astaro Jurix Alpine openmamba QiLinux ROCK T2 NuTyX AryaLinux Linux From Scratch ZENIX KaarPux tomsrtbt Void Ark 0 dyne:bolic NetStation Thinstation LPS Octoz Hedinux Igelle Weaver Nitix PLoP µClinux Coyote BrazilFW Zeroshell Natures Linux ELinOS OpenEmbedded Ångström KaeilOS Peanut aLinux CRUX Chaox LinHES KahelOS Arch Linux ARM Parabola Sonar Manjaro Netrunner Rolling Cinnarch Antergos Arch AL-AMLUG Archie LDR BlackArch Bridge ArchBang CTKarchLive CTKArch FireFly Chakra mkLinux KaOS Oz Specifix rPath Foresight LST Openfiler DLD Everest Qomo Linux-FT United Linux Unifix Caldera SCO UltraPenguin Redmond Lycoris Buhawi Eurielec ALT Granular Phinx PCLinuxOS Garuda TinyMe blackPanther Unity ChameleonOS ROSA OpenMandriva Lx Mandrake Mandriva Virtual OpenSLS Annvix Mageia Demolinux SAM SAMity KRUD Eridani Vine Armed Kondara ELX Finnix Miracle Asianux Pingo Rocks ASP Independence HP Secure EnGarde Bayanihan Aurox Berry ATmission Momonga MythDora Ekaaty Vixta Simplis Xange Moblin 2 Mer MeeGo Tizen Hanthana Synergy Fuduntu Viperr Fedora Core Fedora Chapeau Parsidora Fusion Qubes OS VortexBox Ojuba Amahi AsianLinux FoX NST Elastix OpenNode Baruwa CentOS Rockstor NethServer BlueOnyx Asterisk@Home trixbox BioBrew Scientific Tao Oracle Enterprise Oracle Linux ServOS Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise FrameOS Endian StartCom CERN White Box PUIAS SuliX AnNyung LinuxInstall BLAG Haydar Aurora K12 SuperRescue ClarkConnect ClearOS Best SOT LBA Happy BU Trustix Linpus Immunix Red Flag Yellow Dog e-smith SME Server Fermi Turbolinux PLD Conectiva LinuxPPC WGS Linux Pro 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 11 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux Panoramica delle più famose distro Le capostipiti Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 12 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux Panoramica delle più famose distro Debian I nata nel 1993 I Ian Murdock I comunitaria I democratica I APT (Advanced Package Tool, 1998) Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 13 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux Panoramica delle più famose distro Slackware I nata nel 1993 I Patrick J. Volkerding I "One man distro" I ciclo di rilascio non prefissato I manutenzione molto manuale I per puristi Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 14 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux Panoramica delle più famose distro RedHat Linux I nata nel 1995 I Red Hat I commerciale I non esiste più (2004) I Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) I CentOS I RPM Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 15 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux Panoramica delle più famose distro Fedora I nata nel 2003 I RedHat I orientata all’innovazione I aggiornata Matteo Pani LinuxDay - 22 ottobre 2016 pagina 16 di 42 Distribuzioni Linux Panoramica delle più famose distro SUSE e openSUSE I nata nel
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  • Virtual Distro Sampler

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    LINUX MAGAZINE DVD VIRTUAL DISTRO SAMPLER CentOS 5.1 Live tions for the desktop and lots of interest- The CentOS community distribution is ing add-ons. based on source code from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Kubuntu 8.04 Alpha “KDE 4” his month we bring you a Virtual This Live version comes with a If you haven’t already heard, Kubuntu Live Distro Sampler created healthy collection of end-user tools, plus Linux is Ubuntu with KDE. This alpha T exclusively for Linux Magazine a handy toolkit of diagnostic and rescue version of Kubuntu 8.04 might be your and Linux Pro Magazine. Try out any utilities. first look at what’s coming up in Ubuntu one of the five Live distros without “Hardy Heron.” rebooting. DreamLinux 3.0 RC1 Tour the new KDE 4 desktop and The Live base system is a fully install- DreamLinux is a modular Linux system browse through the gallery of tools that able version of Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gib- based on Debian and Morphix. The makes Kubuntu a favorite of Linux users bon – with all the latest updates and se- DreamLinux developers pride them- around the world. curity patches. Ubuntu 7.10 comes with selves in delivering plenty of applica- better security, improved Linux Mint 4.0 Daryna 3D effects, write support Community Edition for NTFS partitions, a The popular Linux Mint distro, which is new automatic printer currently ranked fifth at DistroWatch, of- configuration feature, fers an abundance of user tools with an improved power man- impressive collection of original manage- agement, and additional ment utilities.