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Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut Publication date 2015-05-24 CEST Abstract This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working Linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice Linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their Linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to Linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications. More information and free .pdf available at http://linux-training.be . Feel free to contact the author: • Paul Cobbaut: [email protected], http://www.linkedin.com/in/cobbaut Contributors to the Linux Training project are: • Serge van Ginderachter: [email protected], build scripts and infrastructure setup • Ywein Van den Brande: [email protected], license and legal sections • Hendrik De Vloed: [email protected], buildheader.pl script We'd also like to thank our reviewers: • Wouter Verhelst: [email protected], http://grep.be • Geert Goossens: [email protected], http://www.linkedin.com/in/ geertgoossens • Elie De Brauwer: [email protected], http://www.de-brauwer.be • Christophe Vandeplas: [email protected], http://christophe.vandeplas.com • Bert Desmet: [email protected], http://blog.bdesmet.be • Rich Yonts: [email protected], Copyright 2007-2015 Netsec BVBA, Paul Cobbaut Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled 'GNU Free Documentation License'. Table of Contents I. introduction to Linux ................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Linux history .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. 1969 ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. 1980s ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. 1990s ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. 2015 ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2. distributions ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1. Red Hat .................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Ubuntu ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Debian .................................................................................................................................... 7 2.4. Other ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.5. Which to choose ? ................................................................................................................. 8 3. licensing ............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.1. about software licenses ....................................................................................................... 10 3.2. public domain software and freeware ................................................................................. 10 3.3. Free Software or Open Source Software ............................................................................ 10 3.4. GNU General Public License .............................................................................................. 11 3.5. using GPLv3 software ......................................................................................................... 11 3.6. BSD license ......................................................................................................................... 12 3.7. other licenses ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.8. combination of software licenses ........................................................................................ 12 II. installing Linux ......................................................................................................................................... 13 4. installing Debian 8 ......................................................................................................................... 15 4.1. Debian .................................................................................................................................. 16 4.2. Downloading ........................................................................................................................ 16 4.3. virtualbox networking ......................................................................................................... 32 4.4. setting the hostname ............................................................................................................ 34 4.5. adding a static ip address .................................................................................................... 34 4.6. Debian package management .............................................................................................. 35 5. installing CentOS 7 ........................................................................................................................ 36 5.1. download a CentOS 7 image .............................................................................................. 37 5.2. Virtualbox ............................................................................................................................ 39 5.3. CentOS 7 installing ............................................................................................................. 44 5.4. CentOS 7 first logon ........................................................................................................... 52 5.5. Virtualbox network interface .............................................................................................. 53 5.6. configuring the network ...................................................................................................... 54 5.7. adding one static ip address ................................................................................................ 54 5.8. package management ........................................................................................................... 55 5.9. logon from Linux and MacOSX ......................................................................................... 56 5.10. logon from MS Windows ................................................................................................. 56 6. getting Linux at home ................................................................................................................... 58 6.1. download a Linux CD image .............................................................................................. 59 6.2. download Virtualbox ........................................................................................................... 59 6.3. create a virtual machine ...................................................................................................... 60 6.4. attach the CD image ............................................................................................................ 65 6.5. install Linux ......................................................................................................................... 68 III. first steps on the command line .............................................................................................................. 69 7. man pages ....................................................................................................................................... 71 7.1. man $command ................................................................................................................... 72 7.2. man $configfile .................................................................................................................... 72 7.3. man $daemon ...................................................................................................................... 72 7.4. man -k (apropos) ................................................................................................................. 72 7.5. whatis ................................................................................................................................... 72 7.6. whereis ................................................................................................................................. 72 7.7. man sections .......................................................................................................................
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