DOCSLIB.ORG

Poche: the Last of the Traditional Potawatomi War Chiefs Jeff Hic Vis Grand Valley State University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Poche: the Last of the Traditional Potawatomi War Chiefs Jeff Hic Vis Grand Valley State University McNair Scholars Journal Volume 5 | Issue 1 Article 2 Winter 2001 Main Poche: The Last of the Traditional Potawatomi War Chiefs Jeff hiC vis Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/mcnair Recommended Citation Chivis, Jeff (2001) "Main Poche: The Last of the Traditional Potawatomi War Chiefs," McNair Scholars Journal: Vol. 5: Iss. 1, Article 2. Available at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/mcnair/vol5/iss1/2 Copyright ©Winter 2001 by the authors. McNair Scholars Journal is reproduced electronically by ScholarWorks@GVSU. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/ mcnair?utm_source=scholarworks.gvsu.edu%2Fmcnair%2Fvol5%2Fiss1%2F2&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages Main Poche: The Last of the Traditional Potawatomi War Chiefs '-'IJ'-_.L.L.L.L·.L"-. years of the 19th century; Most Indians believed that I......, , .... ,,"V">,r>r\"V"\ Americans deformities were a from the Great r-t-...." .... r.,In.rl for lands the area the most powerful that we now refer to as the Midwest individuals received such r1Di-r\VOlr-Y\lf-1Dor' of the United States. the leaders The Great in return for granting of the Indians who these deformities to intrusion into their territories were the them so that the Great Spirit could brother if they ever came into LJ.L.LLA vv .L. .L,",,,", Prophet. contact. is one Main Poche written these two achieved his influence amongst the in American tribes of this era (Draper 1814-1827). (Sugden but other leaders also Another way Main Poche achieved Jeff Chivis ,",.L.L.L_,",.Lj;.... V'-'L during this time that have not great was through his father, been as well researched. One of these is who was, a Potawatomi the Potawatomi wabeno and war chief, war chief and intensely anti-American. Main Poche. This paper briefly describes All the Potawatomi villagesin Michigan Main Poche, his role in Potawatomi and northern Indiana were anti-American; and offers several to thus, Main Poche up hating white account for why he is not as well known Americans. Main Poche was taught the Janet G. Brashler, Ph.D. as other Indian leaders of this period. art of warfare at a very young age, and Faculty Mentor At the time of European contact, the the fact that his father was a great war Potawatomi occupied lands in the chief only increased his odds of southern Great Lakes area (Clifton '-',","~'-'.LJL.L.L.L.L.f"-.. a great warrior chief him­ 1998). The Potawatomi subsisted with a self. Therefore, Main Poche gained influ­ mixed economy of hunting and ence through his numerous successful gathering corn, beans, raids against the Osage tribe and the and squash agriculture. As Europeans American settlements. The Potawatomi moved into areas west the believed these accomplishments Appalachians seeking fertile farmland, showed that the successful warrior the Potawatomi and numerous other leader possessed great spirit powers. groups fled and/or attempted to resist Remarkably; the first time Main Poche the intruders. was injured was in 1810 on a raid Main Poche was born in the mid- against the Osages. By this time, Main I 760s in southern Michigan. Early on, Poche was probably in his mid-40's. he was recognized as being a powerful When the Indians saw that Main Poche figure because of his deformity that was injured, they believed that the mus­ helped him to gain respect and power ket that wounded him was made from a amongst his people. "Main Poche," in great Manitou (Draper 1814-1827). French, means Withered Hand. This Being a great, eloquent speaker was name stems from his deformity-he was another way Main Poche gained born with no fingers or thumb on his influence amongst the Indians. Main left hand. Many Indians believed that Poche "was an excellent orator with the Main Poche was not born of a woman, ability to mesmerize his audience" but that the Great Spirit, himself, created (Edmunds 1985:261). He persuaded him. They believed that he sprung out Indians through his eloquent oration to of the ground and, as a consequence of believe everything he said. providing Main Poche with his special Shortly after 1795, Main Poche powers, the Great Spirit "marked" him moved to Illinois to establish his own with his deformity or clubbed hand village at the crossing of Rock Creek and (Draper 1814-1827). the Kankakee River (Edmunds GVSU McNair Scholars Journal VOLUME 5.2001 59 1985: Because of his anti-American no rivals. Using his great influence, he Besides performing his own unique reputation, Main Poche's village soon publicly destroyed other wabenos. If this skills, he could also do anything that a attracted other anti-American Indians was not effective enough, Main Poche medical and chaskyd could do and became a major meeting place for used poison, such as arsenic, to kill his (Clifton 1998: American raiding. During this time, rivals (Blair 1911:203). Even in Much of a TTT"ho....'"\r"\'c Main Poche married several women. Potawatomi terms, Main Poche was related to fire. Main Poche "always had three wives, considered to be "a rogue male, a man performed and at one time had six" (Draper 1814-­ with an insatiable desire for killing" dark. \J\/"f""\D ''''\C O,...~ 1827). This further demonstrates the (Clifton 1998:194). which 0r"\......., ....Dr1 power and wealth of Main Poche. One Main Poche was the most powerful world .. had to be very powerful and wealthy to Potawatomi wabeno or shaman. A spints, a and support a family of this size. wabeno was skilled in many areas. A provided important information. At wabeno used sleight-of-hand tricks and night, a wabeno was joined in feasts by Main Poche was described as a ventriloquism to increase his influence followers at which point, they chanted among his people. A wabeno was also a and used special drums and rattles. This figure of commanding presence ... "fire handler" who possessed magical kind of ritual impressed a wabenos A huge, muscular man with long powers that enabled him audience by providing a contrasting black hair, Main Poche had a effect of dark from the night and light 'surly and brooding countenance' to hold hot coals, place their from the flames. In addition to highlighted by dark piercing eyes hands in campfires, and even to transforming into human fireballs, ....a monster who was distinguished exhale flames from their mouth wabenos were also believed to be by a girdle, sewed full of human and nostrils ... and could thrust shapeshifters. They could "assume the scalps, which he wore around his their arms into boiling water or shape of animals and prowl the waist, and strings of bear claws vats of steaming maple syrup Potawatomi villages or the surrounding and the bills of owls and hawks without any apparent injuries countryside after dark" (Edmunds round his ankles (Edmunds (Edmunds 1985:259). 1985:259). (1985:260-261,269). A wabeno, such as Main Poche, This medicine made it possible possessed a medicine bundle that Main Poche used another tactic to for wabenos to transform themselves included sacred objects in it that gain influence amongst the tribes of his into human fireballs that could attack protected him during the rest of his life. era. Drinking whiskey, Main Poche their enemies. This medicine bundle also enabled him became an alcoholic at a young age. He Being a wabeno, Main Poche was to cure diseases. He was believed to be told his tribesmen the Great Spirit told highly respected or feared by everyone able to change the weather and cast him that he must constantly drink this that he came into contact with. The spells on certain people or events. Some "spirituous liquor" and kill as much as Potawatomis also recognized two other of these spells were directed towards possible in order to keep his great types of shamans. The medical specialist, increased "success in hunting, while powers. If he did not perform these curer, or sucking doctor was skilled in others were particularly effectivein rites, Main Poche would lose his powers sleight-of-hand tricks that captured the winning lovers or obtaining sexual and become inferior to other powerful faith of the ill and their family members. favors" (Edmunds 1985:259-260). Indians (Draper 1814-1827). This doctor actually sucked out the bad Wabenos were highly respected and Main Poche, however, displayed a "medicine" or illness that was harassing feared by the tribesmen. Evil powers negative side while drinking. When his patients. He then presented his from other medicine men were blamed intoxicated, he raped any woman that patients with an object that was blamed for all misfortunes that happened to a crossed his path and fought against his for the illness. A chaskyd (Diviner) tribal member. The Potawatomi and friends and family This created intra­ captured the attention and faith of his other tribes, as a result, allied themselves tribal bloodshed, which rarely happened audience through ventriloquism, sleight­ with a powerful wabeno. In this way, and was considered to be the worst of-hand tricks, foretelling future events, individuals hoped that they might obtain action within the Potawatomi tribal and locating lost objects or loved ones. some of the wabeno's medicine and the society But Main Poche, even sober, A wabeno (Dawn Man), however, was shaman shielded them from any possessed a violent temper and tolerated the most powerful of all shamans. misfortunes that other shamans cast 60 Main Poche: The Last of the Traditional Potawatomi War Chiefs them. Tribal members would with a red wampum belt or strip of red This tactic worked exceptionally well approach the wabeno and offer their cloth hanging in the center.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Reporter
    The Reporter Volume 16 Issue 4 The Newsletter of the Waupaca Historical Society Fall 2012 WHS Board of Directors: Dennis Lear, President; Mike Kirk, Vice President; Betty Stewart, Secretary; Bob Kessler, Treasurer, Jerry Salan, Tracy Behrendt, Gerald Chappell, Glenda Rhodes, Deb Fenske, David Trombla, Joyce Woldt, Don Writt, and Marge Writt WHS Director: Julie Hintz Hutchinson House Museum Curator: Barbara Fay Wiese The Book Festival at the Holly Center - A Special Day Sponsored by the Waupaca Historical Society for participation in the 2012 Waupaca Book Festival, architectural historian Wendell Nelson arrived at the Waupaca Holly History and Genealogical Center around ten o’clock Saturday October 13, 2012, and set up for his PowerPoint presentation on classic area house styles in the downstairs Cynthia Holly Room. As members of the Waupaca Historical Society have long appreciated, the Cynthia Holly Room is a fine place for a speaker to present as it seats about 50 people, has comfortable chairs in a theater arrangement (or if desired a table arrangement), and is not so large as to need a microphone. Following an introduction by Jerry Chappell, Nelson’s presentation readily captured the attention and advanced the knowledge of over 30 Book Festival attendees who were able to closely study his slides on ten styles of house architecture. Wendell showed about three examples of each style as he pointed out critical identifying and differentiating features of homes, including Italianate, Greek Revival, Victorian Eclectic, Gambrel-roofed, Tower, Square, Cement Block, and Stucco architecture. Afterward, a number of copies of Wendell’s classic 1983 book Houses That Grew were sold.
    [Show full text]
  • American-Indian-Place-Names-In
    Classroom Activity—American Indians of Wisconsin Indian Place Names in Waukesha County Objective: Students will learn the prevalence of American Indian place names in Waukesha County and the meanings they carry. Students will use mapping skills in their identification of these places. Materials: • American Indian Place Names in Waukesha County sheet • Map of Waukesha County ONLINE UW-Libraries • Writing utensil Backstory: Many American Indian place names can be found in Waukesha County. Many of the communities and places within Waukesha County were established along or over the ancient trails and former villages of American Indian tribes. These place names throughout the county reflect this American Indian past. Activity • Pass out the American Indian Place Names in Waukesha County & Map of Waukesha County sheets and review the materials together. Have them guess if their town is derived from an American Indian name. • Have the students work on the Map of Waukesha County worksheet individually or in groups. • Discuss the answers together American Indian Place Names – Waukesha County TEACHER GUIDE Native Name Place Name & Meaning Location Potawatomi word meaning “fox.” Wauk-tsha was the Wauk-tsha name of the leader of the village, called Tchee-gas-cou-tak meaning “burnt” or “fire land.” Derived from the Ojibwe word meaning “Wild Rice Menomonee People”. Origins in the Potawatomi work maw-kwa and the Mawkwa or Ojibwe word makwanagoing. Both words mean “bear” Makwanagoing or “place of bears.” Derived from the Potawatomi word for the area,
    [Show full text]
  • Activity 5.1: Whose Land? a Store of Black Hawk for Wisconsin: Our
    Wisconsin: Our State, Our Story Chapter 5 Additional Activities Becoming Wisconsin: From Indian Lands to Territory to Statehood Activity5 5.1: Whose Land? A Story of Black Hawk Teacher Materials Preparation/Organization It will take several days to complete the full activity, since students will need several rehearsal sessions before carrying out their performance. Depending upon time constraints, you might want to devote some time for the preparations each day for a week or so. (Note: If you and students wish, you might want to invite other classes or even friends and families to the performance.) In terms of organization, it should not be difficult to get the whole class involved in the production, since there are 16 actors and also directors, set designers, stagehands, and prop masters. You will want to have enough copies of Student Pages 1–10 for all students involved. A number of readily available or easily made items will also be needed: • two chairs • a desk • a large cloth sack • a blanket • an inkwell (or similar object) • a long sheet of paper • several sheets of writing paper • life-size drawing of several corn stalks • shovel or garden hoe (or two broomsticks) • map of the United States Procedure 1. Select those students who will be actors and inform students of the parts they will be playing. Also assign students to jobs as directors, set designers, prop masters, and stagehands. 2. Hand out scripts to those who will be acting, highlighting their parts for them. Also give out copies of the script to students who will be helping you direct, designing and making sets, preparing props, and serving as stagehands.
    [Show full text]
  • Chief Shabbona History
    CHIEF SHABBONA HISTORY It was in 1775, one year before the American Revolution Shab-eh-nay was interested in the welfare of both Indians and settlers. The newcomers that an Indian boy was born near the banks of the taught him how to grow better crops and Shab-eh-nay shared his knowledge of nature – Kankakee River. A boy who would grow up to befriend the especially the medicinal powers of plants. new nation’s people. His Ottawa parents named him In 1827, the Winnebago planned an attack on the frontier village of Chicago; Shab-eh-nay “Shab-eh-nay” (Shabbona), which means “Built like a rode to Fort Chicago to warn the white men. In 1832, he made a heroic ride when Bear”. And true to his name, he grew up to be a muscular Blackhawk planned a raid to reclaim Indian land. The 54 year old Potawatomi Chief rode 200 lbs., standing 5’ 9” tall. 48 hours to warn settlers through unmapped forest and vast prairies to prevent Around 1800, Shab-eh-nay was part of an Ottawa hunting bloodshed of both settlers and Indians. party that wandered into a Potawatomi camp near the In gratitude for his peacemaking efforts, the United States, in Article III of the 1829 Treaty southern shore of Lake Michigan. All of the Ottawa of Prairie du Chien, reserved 1,280 acres of land for Chief Shab-eh-nay and his Band. returned to their own village, except Shab-eh-nay, who These lands were historically occupied by the Potawatomi in what is now DeKalb County, stayed through the winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Spring 5-8-2020 "The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812 Joseph R. Miller University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Joseph R., ""The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3208. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3208 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THE MEN WERE SICK OF THE PLACE”: SOLDIER ILLNESS AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE WAR OF 1812 By Joseph R. Miller B.A. North Georgia University, 2003 M.A. University of Maine, 2012 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) The Graduate School The University of Maine May 2020 Advisory Committee: Scott W. See, Professor Emeritus of History, Co-advisor Jacques Ferland, Associate Professor of History, Co-advisor Liam Riordan, Professor of History Kathryn Shively, Associate Professor of History, Virginia Commonwealth University James Campbell, Professor of Joint, Air War College, Brigadier General (ret) Michael Robbins, Associate Research Professor of Psychology Copyright 2020 Joseph R.
    [Show full text]
  • MAGAZINE O/HISTORY
    WISCONSIN MAGAZINE o/HISTORY 1 IMP Published Quarterly sir- eptembei WISCONSIN MAGAZINE of HISTORY EDWARD P. ALEXANDER, Editor LILLIAN KRUEGER, Associate Editor CONTENTS Chats with the Editor Edward P. Alexander 1 The Naming of the " Four Lakes" Frederic G. Cassidy 7 John Rogers Commons, 1862-1945 Selig Perlman 25 The Old Indian Agency House at Portage Bertha A. Holbrook 32 Black Hawk Rides Again—A Glimpse of the Man Jay Monaghan 43 Fifty-two Years of Frank Lloyd Wright's Progressivism, 1893-1945 John Fabian Kienitz 61 Peter Schuster, Dane County Farmer (III) Rose Schuster Taylor 72 DOCUMENTS: A Glimpse of Early Merrimac Grace Partridge Smith 85 BOOK NOTES 89 THE SOCIETY AND THE STATE 112 The WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY is published quarterly by the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN, 816 State Street, Madison, 6. Distributed to members as part of their dues (Annual membership, $3.00; Life, $30). Yearly subscription, $3.00; single number, 75 cents. Communications should be addressed to the editor. The Society does not assume responsibility for statements made by contributors. Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Madison, Wis- consin, under the act of August 24, 1912. Copyright 1945 by the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN. Paid for by the Maria L. and Simeon Mills Editorial Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. THE COVER THE JOHNSON WAX COMPANY BUILDING AT RACINE, 1936-39. This is one of the best known of the buildings recently designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. For an estimate of his work, see Professor Kienitz' article in this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • TREATY with the POTAWATOMI September 20, 1828
    TREATY WITH THE POTAWATOMI September 20, 1828 Articles of a treaty made and concluded at the Missionary Establishments upon the St. Joseph, of Lake Michigan, in the Territory of Michigan, this 20h day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight, between Lewis Cass and Pierre Menard, Commissioners, on the part of the United States, and the Potowatami tribe of Indians. ARTICLE 1st. The Potowatami tribe of Indians cede to the United States the tract of land included within the following boundaries: 1st. Beginning at the mouth of the St. Joseph, of Lake Michigan, and thence running up the said river to a point on the same river, half way between La-vache-qui-pisse and Macousin village: thence in a direct line, to the 19th mile tree, on the northern boundary line of the State Indiana; thence, with the same, west, to Lake Michigan; and thence, with the shore of the said Lake, to the place of beginning. 2. Beginning at a point on the line run in 1817, due east from the southern extreme of Lake Michigan, which point is due south from the head of the most easterly branch of the Kankekee river, and from that point running south ten miles; thence, in a direct line, to the northeast corner of Flatbelly’s reservation; thence, to the northwest corner of the reservation at Seek’s village; thence, with the lines of the said reservation, and of former cessions, to the line between the States of Indiana and Ohio; thence, with the same to the former described line, running due east from the southern extreme of Lake Michigan; and thence, with the said line, to the place of beginning.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty Years in the Northwest: a Machine-Readable Transcription
    Library of Congress Fifty years in the Northwest L34 3292 1 W. H. C. Folsom FIFTY YEARS IN THE NORTHWEST. WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND APPENDIX CONTAINING REMINISCENCES, INCIDENTS AND NOTES. BY W illiam . H enry . C arman . FOLSOM. EDITED BY E. E. EDWARDS. PUBLISHED BY PIONEER PRESS COMPANY. 1888. G.1694 F606 .F67 TO THE OLD SETTLERS OF WISCONSIN AND MINNESOTA, WHO, AS PIONEERS, AMIDST PRIVATIONS AND TOIL NOT KNOWN TO THOSE OF LATER GENERATION, LAID HERE THE FOUNDATIONS OF TWO GREAT STATES, AND HAVE LIVED TO SEE THE RESULT OF THEIR ARDUOUS LABORS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WILDERNESS—DURING FIFTY YEARS—INTO A FRUITFUL COUNTRY, IN THE BUILDING OF GREAT CITIES, IN THE ESTABLISHING OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES, IN THE CREATION OF COMMERCE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE, THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR, W. H. C. FOLSOM. PREFACE. Fifty years in the Northwest http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.01070 Library of Congress At the age of nineteen years, I landed on the banks of the Upper Mississippi, pitching my tent at Prairie du Chien, then (1836) a military post known as Fort Crawford. I kept memoranda of my various changes, and many of the events transpiring. Subsequently, not, however, with any intention of publishing them in book form until 1876, when, reflecting that fifty years spent amidst the early and first white settlements, and continuing till the period of civilization and prosperity, itemized by an observer and participant in the stirring scenes and incidents depicted, might furnish material for an interesting volume, valuable to those who should come after me, I concluded to gather up the items and compile them in a convenient form.
    [Show full text]
  • People of the Three Fires: the Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibway of Michigan.[Workbook and Teacher's Guide]
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 321 956 RC 017 685 AUTHOR Clifton, James A.; And Other., TITLE People of the Three Fires: The Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibway of Michigan. Workbook and Teacher's Guide . INSTITUTION Grand Rapids Inter-Tribal Council, MI. SPONS AGENCY Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.; Dyer-Ives Foundation, Grand Rapids, MI.; Michigan Council for the Humanities, East Lansing.; National Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH), Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISBN-0-9617707-0-8 PUB DATE 86 NOTE 225p.; Some photographs may not reproduce ;4011. AVAILABLE FROMMichigan Indian Press, 45 Lexington N. W., Grand Rapids, MI 49504. PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Guides - Classroom Use - Guides '.For Teachers) (052) -- Guides - Classroom Use- Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MFU1 /PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *American Indian Culture; *American Indian History; American Indians; *American Indian Studies; Environmental Influences; Federal Indian Relationship; Political Influences; Secondary Education; *Sociix- Change; Sociocultural Patterns; Socioeconomic Influences IDENTIFIERS Chippewa (Tribe); *Michigan; Ojibway (Tribe); Ottawa (Tribe); Potawatomi (Tribe) ABSTRACT This book accompanied by a student workbook and teacher's guide, was written to help secondary school students to explore the history, culture, and dynamics of Michigan's indigenous peoples, the American Indians. Three chapters on the Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Ojibway (or Chippewa) peoples follow an introduction on the prehistoric roots of Michigan Indians. Each chapter reflects the integration
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Governments in Kansas and Their Relations with State and Local Governments
    Tribal Governments in Kansas and Their Relations with State and Local Governments by Thomas J. Sloan, Ph.D. Kansas State Representative Contents Tribal Governments in Kansas and Their Relations with State and Local Governments ....................................... 1 The Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas ..................... ................................................................................................................... 11 Prairie Band of Potawatomi ........................... .................................................................................................................. 15 Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska .............................................................................................................................. 17 Appendix: Constitution and By-Laws of the Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas ..................................... .................. ............................................................................................... 19 iii Tribal Governments in Kansas and Their Relations with State and Local Governments Overview of American Indian Law cal "trust" relationships. At the time of this writing, and Tribal/Federal Relations tribes from across the United States are engaged in a lawsuit against the Department of the Interior for At its simplest, a tribe is a collective of American In- mismanaging funds held in trust for the tribes. A fed- dians (most historic U.S. documents refer to "Indi- eral court is deciding whether to hold current and
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of the Interior OFFICE of T H E SECRETARY Washington, DC 20240
    United States Department of the Interior OFFICE OF T H E SECRETARY Washington, DC 20240 JAN 0 9 2015 The Honorable Harold Frank Chairman, Forest County Potawatorni Community P.O. Box 340 Crandon, Wisconsin 54520 Dear Chairman Frank: On November 26, 2014, the Department of the Interior (Interior) received the November 2014 Amendment to the Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin (Potawatomi) and the State of Wisconsin (State) Class Ill Gaming Compact (Compact). The 2014 Amendment was selected by an arbitration tribunal convened by the State and the Potawatomi pursuant to the Potawatomi's existing Compact, as amended, and submitted to the Department by the Potawatomi for approval under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (1GRA).1 SUMMARY OF DECISION ln 1990, the Potawatomi became the first tribe in history to use the provision in lORA that allows a tribe to develop an off-reservation casino with the concurrence of the Governor of a state. The Potawatomi reached a gaming compact with the state that allowed them to develop what has been a very successful gaming operation, an operation that has provided tremendous financial support to the Potawatomi Tribe and each of its 1400 members. As explained in greater detail below, the Potawatomi gaming compact with Wisconsin was amended several times over the years, sometimes with Interior's explicit approval and sometimes without. In two of these amendments, the Potawatomi sought to protect themselves from the risk that another tribe would fo llow the same path as the Potawatomi and develop an off-reservation casino within the same general area. The Potawatomi have, so far, been successful in preventing any other tribe from encroaching in this market.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Rolls Enrollment Application
    CITIZEN POTAWATOMI NATION TRIBAL ROLLS 1601 S. GORDON COOPER DR., SHAWNEE, OK 74801 PHONE 405-878-5835 FAX 405-878-5839 TRIBAL ENROLLMENT APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS Please read the following instructions carefully ARTICLE 3 *recommended but not required MEMBERSHIP OF TRIBE Section 1. The membership of the 1. Enrollment Application Citizen Potawatomi Nation shall When filling out enrollment application, be sure to fill out every line and consist of the following persons: question. Print clearly in BLACK or BLUE ink ONLY. Must have application (a) All persons of Indian blood with original signature, cannot accept a photo copy. who were bona fide members of 2. State Certified Birth Certificate the Citizen Potawatomi Nation and who were enrolled or were Must be a State Certified Birth Certificate or a copy of the original State entitled to be enrolled on the Certified Birth Certificate from a certified public notary. Color photo copies, official census roll of the Band on hospital birth certificates, or other duplications will not be accepted. State January 1, 1937. Certified Birth Certificate will be returned once applicant is enrolled, Public Notarized copies will not returned. (b) Each child of Citizen Potawatomi Nation Indian blood 3. *Copy of Social Security Card born since the date of said roll whose parents is, or was, a 4. *Copies of Marriage License member of the Tribe. 5. *A passport or state ID style photo, for your Tribal Identification Card (c) Each child of the Citizen All IDs are now required to have a photo on them to protect against fraud. Potawatomi Nation Indian blood See attached guideline for photos requirement.
    [Show full text]