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Date Monografice Olanda Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Regatul Ţărilor de Jos Olanda Ambasada României la Haga Biroul de Promovare Comercial - Economică Haga date monografice Ţară modernă, industrializată, dar şi mare exportatoare de produse agricole Olanda este cea mai mare dintre Ţările de Jos, care mai cuprind Belgia şi Luxemburg. Este una dintre cele mai dens populate ţări ale lumii, iar aproximativ 90% din populaţie trăieşte în mediu urban. Olandezii sunt mândri de ţara lor, spunând adesea că “Dumneazeu a creat lumea, dar olandezul a creat Olanda”. Expresia pune în valoare eforturile ample depuse pentru lucrările de îndiguire şi desecare, care au fost necesare deoarece aproximativ jumătate din suprafaţa ţării se află sub nivelul mării. Iniţial, evacuarea permanentă a apei din sol se făcea cu ajutorul pompelor acţionate de mori de vânt, dar în prezent sunt antrenate electric. Olanda are puţine resurse naturale, dar a devenit una dintre cele mai bogate ţări ale lumii. Beneficiind de poziţia geografică favorabilă, pe ţărmul Mării Nordului şi la gurile de vărsare ale unor importante râuri europene, Olanda a transformat comerţul internaţional în motorul economiei naţionale. Olanda şi-a adus contribuţia la cultura universală, iar capodoperele semnate de Rembrandt, Jan Vermeer, Vincent Van Gogh şi alţi artişti olandezi îşi găsesc locul alături de cele mai valoroase creaţii ale umanităţii. Provinciile Unite olandeze şi-au câştigat independenţa de Spania în 1579. În secolul XVII au devenit una dintre principalele puteri maritime şi comerciale, cu aşezări şi colonii pe întregul cuprins al globului. Regatul Ţărilor de Jos s-a constituit în 1815, după 20 de ani de ocupaţie franceză. În 1830, Belgia s-a separat şi a format un regat separat, urmată de Luxemburg în 1890. În prezent, Regatul Ţărilor de Jos mai cuprinde Antilele Olandeze şi insula Aruba. Olanda este membru fondator al NATO şi unul din cele şase state europene semnatare ale Tratatului de înfiinţare a Comunităţii Europene a Cărbunelui şi Otelului - CECO (Paris, 18 aprilie 1951), Tratatului de înfiinţare a Comunităţii Europene pentru Energie Atomică - EURATOM (Bruxelles, 17 aprilie 1957) şi Tratatului de înfiinţare a Comunităţii Economice Europene - CEE (Roma, 25 mai 1957). Datele şi informaţiile prezentate în acest material sunt publicate cu titlu informativ. 1 Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Regatul Ţărilor de Jos Denumirea oficială: . Regatul Ţărilor de Jos (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) Localizare: . Europa de vest, pe ţărmul Mării Nordului, la gurile râurilor Rhin, Maas şi Schelde . Graniţe cu Belgia şi Germania (spaţiul Schengen) Teritorii dependente: . Aruba, insulă în Marea Caraibilor, cumpărată de olandezi în 1636, membru autonom al Regatului din 1986 . Antilele Olandeze, două grupuri de insule în Marea Caraibilor: Curacao, Bonaire, Sint Maarten, Saba şi Sint Clima: . Temperat marină, cu veri răcoroase şi ierni blânde Riscuri naturale: . Inundaţiile Suprafaţa: . Total 41.526 km2 din care 33.883 km2 uscat şi 7.643 km2 apă Număr de locuitori: . 16,6 milioane, reprezintă 3,38% din populaţia Uniunii Europene Limba oficială: . Olandeza Religia: . Romano-catolică (36%) . Protestantă reformată (20%) . Neoreformată (8%) Moneda naţională: . Euro Resurse naturale: . Gaze naturale, petrol, turbă, calcar, sare, nisip, pietriş, teren arabil (21,96% din suprafaţa uscatului) Principale produse ale economiei: . Maşini şi echipamente, nave, produse agricole, produse chimice, gaze naturale, petrol Capitala: . Amsterdam, 750 mii locuitori, fus orar UTC+1 Sediul guvernului, al parlamentului şi reşedinţa regală: . Haga, 450 mii locuitori Ziua naţională: . 30 aprilie - ziua încoronării Reginei Beatrix şi ziua de naştere a Reginei-Mamă Juliana 2 Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Regatul Ţărilor de Jos Forma de guvernământ: . Monarhie constituţională, cu sistem parlamentar bicameral . Sufragiu universal pentru alegerea membrilor Camerei inferioare a Parlamentului Şeful statului: . Regina Beatrix, încoronată la 30 aprilie 1980, monarhie ereditară Parlamentul: . Camera inferioară: 150 membri aleşi prin vot universal . Camera superioară: 75 membri aleşi indirect de Consiliile celor 12 provincii Guvernul: . Jan Peter Balkenende - Prim ministru şi ministru pentru afaceri generale, din 22 iulie 2002 . Wouter Bos - Vice prim ministru şi ministru de finanţe . André Rouvoet - Vice prim ministru şi ministru al tineretului şi familiei . Maxime Verhagen - Ministrul afacerilor externe . Maria van der Hoeven - Ministrul afacerilor economice . Frank Heemskerk - Ministrul comerţului exterior . Ernst Hirsch Ballin - Ministrul de justiţie . Guusje ter Horst - Ministrul afacerilor interne şi relaţiilor regale . Ronald Plasterk - Ministrul educaţiei, culturii şi ştiinţei . Eimert van Middelkoop - Ministrul apărării . Jacqueline Cramer - Ministrul mediului şi amenajării teritoriului . Camiel Eurlings - Ministrul transporturilor, lucrărilor publice şi managementului apelor . Gerda Verburg - Ministrul agriculturii, naturii şi calităţii alimentelor . Piet Hein Donner - Ministrul muncii şi protecţiei sociale . Ab Klink - Ministrul sănătăţii, bunăstării şi sportului . Bert Koenders - Ministrul cooperării pentru dezvoltare . Frans Timmermans - Ministrul afacerilor europene . Ella Vogelaar - Ministrul locuinţelor, comunităţilor şi integrării . Frans Timmermans - Ministrul afacerilor europene . Nebahat Albayrak - Secretar de stat pentru justiţie . Ank Bijleveld-Schouten - Secretar de stat pentru afaceri interne şi relaţii regale . Marja van Bijsterveldt-Vliegenthart - Secretar de stat pentru educaţie, cultură şi ştiinţă . Sharon Dijksma - Secretar de stat pentru educaţie, cultură şi ştiinţă . Jan Kees de Jager - Secretar de stat pentru finanţe . Jack de Vries - Secretar de stat pentru apărare . Tineke Huizinga-Heringa - Secretar de stat pentru transporturi, lucrări publice şi management al apelor . Ahmed Aboutaleb - Secretar de stat pentru munca şi protecţie socială . Jet Bussemaker - Secretar de stat pentru sănătate, bunăstare şi sport Olanda face parte din: . UE, ONU, UNCTAD, FMI, BIRD, BERD, OCDE, OMC, NATO 3 .
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