Lambda Alpha Journal; Vol. 47, 2017
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A Discursive Approach to Female Circumcision: Why the United Nations Should Drop the One-Sided Conversation in Favor of the Vagina Dialogues
NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Volume 38 Number 2 Article 6 Winter 2013 A Discursive Approach to Female Circumcision: Why the United Nations Should Drop the One-Sided Conversation in Favor of the Vagina Dialogues Kathleen Bradshaw Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj Recommended Citation Kathleen Bradshaw, A Discursive Approach to Female Circumcision: Why the United Nations Should Drop the One-Sided Conversation in Favor of the Vagina Dialogues, 38 N.C. J. INT'L L. 601 (2012). Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol38/iss2/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Discursive Approach to Female Circumcision: Why the United Nations Should Drop the One-Sided Conversation in Favor of the Vagina Dialogues Cover Page Footnote International Law; Commercial Law; Law This note is available in North Carolina Journal of International Law: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol38/iss2/ 6 A Discursive Approach to Female Circumcision: Why the United Nations Should Drop the One-Sided Conversation in Favor of the Vagina Dialogues KATHLEEN BRADSHAWt I. Introduction ........................................602 II. Background................................ 608 A. Female Circumcision ...................... 608 B. International Legal Response....................610 III. Discussion......................... ........ 613 A. Foreign Domestic Legislation............. ... .......... 616 B. Enforcement.. ...................... ...... 617 C. Cultural Insensitivity: Bad for Development..............620 1. Human Rights, Culture, and Development: The United Nations ................... ............... 621 2. -
Appendix 1: FGM Srutiny in a Day , Item 8. PDF
APPENDIX 1 SCRUTINY IN A DAY FGM scrutiny in a day: programme Address: HENRIETTA RAPHAEL FUNCTION ROOM, Henriette Raphael Building, GUYS CAMPUS, King’s College London, London, UK SE1 1UL. Wednesday 16th September 9am – 3:30pm 9am – 9:30am Registration & refreshments 9:30am Welcome and opening remarks: Cllr Jasmine Ali, Chair of the Education & Children’s Services scrutiny committee 9:40 am – 10:30am Dr Comfort Momoh MBE will set the scene by explaining the reasons for FGM, and the implications. She will explain why she established the African Well Woman’s Clinic at Guy’s and St Thomas Foundation Trust in London, a support service for women and girls who have undergone FGM. 10:40am – 11:20am Alison Macfarlane, Professor of Perinatal Health, City University London, presenting a recently published report on rates of FGM, ’Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in England and Wales: National and local estimates’, which estimates that Southwark has the highest rates of FGM in the UK 11:30am – 12:00noon Work to tackle FGM in Southwark Overview by Angela Craggs Southwark Police; Clarisser Cupid, Southwark Clinical Commissioning Group and April Bald, Southwark Council social care lead on current work. 12 noon – 12:30pm Lunch 12:30pm – 2:pm How can community & voluntary groups and statutory agencies work together to end FGM? Presentation by Toks Okeniyi, FORWARD, followed by brief presentations on local initiatives : Agnes Baziwe, African Advocacy Foundation and Florence Emakpose, World of Hope and then a survivor working for change: Hawa Sesey FGM Campaign. Fishbowl discussion with contributions by national, London and local community groups , and embassy representatives of countries where the practice is common. -
Master Thesis
The Role and The Limits of International Law in Adressing Cultural Practices Harmful to Women and Girls The Case of Female Genital Mutilation Candidate number: 9015 Number of words: 18,000 !1 When the axe came into the forest, the trees said the handle is one of us. - Alice Walker, Possessing the Secret of Joy !2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would firstly like to thank my thesis supervisor, Joanna Nicholson, of the Faculty of Law at the University of Oslo for all her guidance and advice and for having allowed me to progress at my own pace while steering me in the right direction whenever that was called for. I would also like to thank my friends and colleagues Stuart Kartsounis and Nathan Erik Blikstad for having reviewed my work and provided me with invaluable comments and advice. I would equally like to thank my friend and colleague Michelle Logan for her readiness to read and reformulate difficult sentences and for helping me make sense. Finally, I would like to thank my good friend and colleague, Guillaume Ehrhard, for his support, patience, comfort, reassurance and for his academic input each time I was in need to discuss and challenge my findings. !3 List of Abbreviations ACHPR - African Convention on Human and Peoples’ Rights ACtHPR - African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights ADRD - American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man CAT - Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CEDAW - Convention Against All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CIL - Customary International Law CRC - Convention -
2015 Table of Contents
"WOMEN, LIFE, FREEDOM": THE STRUGGLE OF KURDISH WOMEN TO PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS By SARAH SIQUEIRA DE MIRANDA A Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfilments of the requirements for the MA IN UNDERSTANDING AND SECURING HUMAN RIGHTS Institute of Commonwealth Studies University of London September 2015 Table of contents INTRODUCTION 6 1. THE EMERGENCE OF THE KURDISH PROBLEM: AN INTERNATIONAL ISSUE 11 PKK: THE SEARCH FOR SOCIAL CHANGE 13 2. OCALAN AND WOMEN'S LIBERATION IDEOLOGY 19 3. THE KURDISH WOMEN'S MOVEMENT: A HISTORY OF RESISTANCE 24 FROM THE MOUNTAINS TO EUROPE: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A TRANSNATIONAL KURDISH WOMEN'S NETWORK 26 "LIBERATION FOR SINJAR WOMEN IS LIBERATION FOR HUMANITY": THE ROLE OF THE DIASPORA IN PROMOTING HUMAN RIGHTS 35 INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION OF THE KURDISH WOMEN'S MOVEMENT 38 WOMEN'S MEETING UTAMARA 43 CONCLUSION 49 REFERENCES 51 ABSTRACT The Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), one of the most important secular socio-political movements of the Middle East, has addressed gender issues since its foundation in the late 1970s. However, the question of women's freedom acquired a central position after the 2000s, when the PKK underwent a deep ideological and structural transformation. A foundational tenet is "democratic confederalism", based on a democratic, ecological and gender-emancipatory system. For Abdullah Ocalan, the main leader of the PKK, democracy and freedom can only be achieved through the emancipation of women. Kurdish women have appropriated Ocalan's ideas and to a considerable extent, succeeded in promoting the empowerment of women and advancement of gender equality in the Kurdish societies directly influenced by the PKK: the diaspora and territories in Turkey and Syria. -
Home Affairs Committee: Written Evidence Female Genital Mutilation
Home Affairs Committee: Written evidence Female Genital Mutilation This volume contains the written evidence accepted by the Home Affairs Committee for the Female Genital Mutilation inquiry. FGM0001 Children and Families Across Borders (CFAB) 1 02 Anonymous unpublished submission FGM0003 Buckinghamshire County Council 5 FGM0004 NSPCC 9 FGM0005 Genital Autonomy 15 06 Duplicate submission 07 Duplicate submission FGM0008 Bar Human Rights Committee of England and Wales (BHRC) 18 FGM0009 Local Government Association 30 FGM0010 28 Too Many 31 FGM0011 International Association of Women Police 37 FGM0012 Professor Lisa Avalos 44 FGM0013 British Medical Association 56 FGM0014 UCL Graduate Law Society 57 FGM0015 Movement for Justice 63 FGM0016 PCC for Northumbria 67 FGM0017 Hawa Trust 70 FGM0018 ACCM (UK) 79 FGM0019 Avon and Somerset Constabulary and PCC 85 FGM0020 London Borough of Havering 90 FGM0021 Ralph Tilby 92 FGM0022 Intercollegiate Group on FGM 94 FGM0023 Juliet Albert 101 FGM0024 The Victoria Climbié Foundation UK 103 FGM0025 Metropolitan Police 106 FGM0026 Tackling FGM Initiative 117 FGM0027 Hilary Burrage 125 FGM0028 Rights of Women and Asylum Aid 133 FGM0029 Government 141 FGM0030 Bawso 150 FGM0031 Muslim Women's Network UK 155 32 Duplicate submission FGM0033 Fahma Mohamed 161 34 Duplicate submission FGM0035 FPA and Brook 165 FGM0036 NAHT 171 FGM0037 London Borough of Newham 173 FGM0038 Professor Sarah Creighton 180 FGM0039 Guardian News & Media 182 FGM0040 Tony Lloyd, Greater Manchester PCC 184 FGM0041 Dr Comfort Momoh MBE 188 FGM0042 -
Female Genital Mutilation
The Prevention and the Management of the Health Complications Policy Guidelines for nurses and midwives Department of Gender and Women’s Health Department of Reproductive Health and Research Family and Community Health World Health Organization Geneva WHO/FCH/GWH/01.5 WHO/RHR/01.18 Dist: General Original: English Female Genital Mutilation The Prevention and the Management of the Health Complications Policy Guidelines for nurses and midwives Department of Gender and Women’s Health Department of Reproductive Health and Research Family and Community Health World Health Organization Geneva FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION POLICY GUIDELINES FOR NURSES AND MIDWIVES 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 4 POLICY NO. 3: FOREWORD . 5 Performance of functions that are outside the INTRODUCTION . 6 nurse´s/midwife's legal scope of practice . 12 POLICY NO. 4: INTERNATIONAL RESOLUTIONS AND Documentation of FGM . 12 CONVENTIONS AGAINST FEMALE POLICY NO. 5 GENITAL MUTILATION . 7 Prevention of female genital mutilation by nurses, midwives other health professionals . 13 POLICY STATEMENTS REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF FGM AND THE APPENDIX . 14 MANAGEMENT OF GIRLS AND WOMEN WITH FGM COMPLICATIONS . 11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 14 SELECTED WHO PUBLICATIONS AND POLICY NO. 1: DOCUMENTS OF RELATED INTEREST . 14 Opening up of type 111 FGM (infibulation) . 11 POLICY NO. 2: Refusal of requests to re-stitch an opened up vulva (re-infibulation) . 11 FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION 4 POLICY GUIDELINES FOR NURSES AND MIDWIVES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This document is part of a set of training materials (Teacher’s Guide, student manual and policy guidelines) which have been prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) to facilitate training for health personnel on female genital mutilation. -
The Practise of Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation: Cultural Practise Or Violation of Human Rights?
THE PRACTISE OF FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING/MUTILATION: CULTURAL PRACTISE OR VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS? OI Durodola 10478427 STUDY LEADER: PROF. KARIN VAN MARLE DECLARATION I Durodola Olapeju Ifeoluwa declare that the thesis which I hereby submit for a Masters of Law (LLM) degree at the University of Pretoria is my own work and has not been previously submitted by me for any degree at this or any other institution. Durodola Olapeju Ifeoluwa Date i DEDICATION Dedicated to my awesome family Evangelist & Pastor (Mrs) Durodola My amazing parents, who have stood by me through thick and thin Adejoke Adebayo, Oludasola Olaojo, Olaide Durodola amd Olukayode Durodola The best siblings anyone could ever ask for Oyewole Jimoh My better-half, my best friend and number one cheerleader and supporter. Olufemi Olagboye For being a true friend. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express sincere gratitude and appreciation to my study leader, Prof. Karin VanMarle for giving me the opportunity to study in this department and for giving her time to guide me in the right direction throughout this study. To Tshepo Madlingozi for helping to proof-read my chapters and re-arrange my thoughts when they seemed to be all over the place, I say thank you. To Olufemi Olagboye, for reading several chapters in your busy schedule and passing comments even though you are not in the legal profession, I appreciate you. To Sunet Slabbert, for hearing my ‘soppy’ tales and giving motherly advices as at when needed, I am very grateful. To Liana Viljoen, who is ever attentive and ready to give a helping hand in the library, you are appreciated. -
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Girls Under 18Yrs and Women Over 18Yrs
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in girls under 18yrs and women over 18yrs Guidance for Health Professionals June 2016 Produced by the Designated Professionals Team for Safeguarding Children Reviewed by Tabitha Griffin NNSPC Mar 18 Contents Introduction ............................................................................. 1 Key Responsibilities for Health Practitioners ...................... 2 Doctors should:....................................................................... 2 GPs and relevant hospital doctors are encouraged to consider a number of actions: ............................................... 3 Risk Factors for FGM .............................................................. 3 What do I do if I am concerned a child is at risk of FGM? .. 4 What do I do if I see a child or young person who has undergone FGM? .................................................................... 4 Additional Information ............................................................ 5 What do I do if I see an adult woman who has undergone FGM? ........................................................................................ 5 Resource .................................................................................. 6 Appendices .............................................................................. 6 • Map - Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM/C, by country • Common Reasons Given for FGM • Hospitals Offering Specialist FGM Services Introduction Female genital mutilation ( ‘FGM’) is a -
Theorising Women and War in Kurdistan. a Feminist and Critical Perspective
Theorising Women and War in Kurdistan. A feminist and critical perspective. Nazand Begikhani, Wendelmoet Hamelink and Nerina Weiss Abstract In this introductory article to the special issue Women and War in Kurdistan, we connect our topic to feminist theory, to anthropological theory on war and conflict and their long-term consequences, and to theory on gender, nation and (visual) representation. We investigate Kurdish women´s victimisation and marginalisation, but also their resistance and agency as female combatants and women activists, their portrayal by media and scholars, and their self- representation. We offer herewith a critical perspective on militarisation, women´s liberation, and women´s experiences in times of war and peace. We also introduce the five articles in this issue and discuss how they contribute to the study of women and war in two main areas: the wide- reaching effects of war on women’s lives, and the gendered representation and images of war in Kurdistan. Keywords: female combatants, feminism, feminist theory, gender and nation, human rights, militarism, representation, sexual violence, victimhood, visualisation, war, women’s activism, women´s movements Introduction This special issue contributes to critical and empirical-based analyses of the present realities of Kurdish women in all parts of Kurdistan and explores the multiple effects and affects of war on women in the Kurdish regions. In doing so, we follow feminist and intersectional approaches to the study of violence and war. Readers might need to be reminded that Kurdistan is not a geographical entity with defined borders and Kurds are straddling the present state boundaries of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran (Dahlman, 2002). -
The Impact of FGM on the Genitourinary System: a 2021 Perspective
FEATURE The impact of FGM on the genitourinary system: a 2021 perspective BY MAYI GNOFAM AND COMFORT MOMOH wareness of female genital 200 million and every year an estimated Female genital mutilation leads to severe mutilation (FGM) in European three million girls are at risk of undergoing medical and psychological complications, countries has increased over recent the procedure. The majority of cases are and in some instances places the individual’s Adecades as a result of globalisation concentrated in the western, eastern life at risk. Apart from the life-long health- and migration of populations. The World and north-eastern regions of Africa related, ethical, moral and psychological Health Organization (WHO) describes FGM and also some countries in the Middle consequences of FGM, it has been estimated as procedures that involve partial or total East and Asia [2]. by the World Health Organization that the removal of the external female genitalia, or The reasons for performing female genital obstetric and other health-related costs are other injury to the female genital organs for mutilations vary from one region to another significant [7]. non-medical reasons. There is no medical as well as over time. Commonly cited In this review we outline some of indication for this practice, and it represents reasons are: a rite of passage to prepare a the health-related ramifications of a human rights violation, an extreme form girl for adulthood and marriage, to ensure FGM and aim to focus on aspects that of gender discrimination and child abuse premarital virginity and marital fidelity, urologists may encounter. -
Finnish Journal of Ethnicity and Migration
Finnish Journal of Ethnicity and Migration Vol. 3, No. 2 / 2008 www.etmu.fi Publisher Special Issue: Female Genital Cutting in the Past and Today • The Society for the Study of Ethnic Relations and International Migration (ETMU) Contents • This journal is available online at http://www.etmu.fi/fjem/ 2 Marja Tiilikainen and Janneke Johansson: Introduction • ISSN 1796-6582 Articles Editorial Staff 4 Janice Boddy: Clash of Selves: Gender, Personhood, and Human Rights Discourse in Colonial Sudan • Editor-in-chief: Matti Similä (CEREN) 14 William G. Clarence-Smith: Islam and Female Genital Cutting in • Guest editor-in-chief: Marja Tiilikainen Southeast Asia: The Weight of the Past (University of Helsinki) 23 Basilica Dyah Putranti: To Islamize, Becoming a Real Woman or • Assistant editor: Maarit Forde Commercialized Practices? Questioning Female Genital Cutting in (Newcastle University) Indonesia • Guest assistant editors: Susan Villa and 32 Claudia Merli: Sunat for Girls in Southern Thailand: Its Relation to Janneke Johansson (Finnish League for Traditional Midwifery, Male Circumcision and Other Obstetrical Practices Human Rights) 42 Brigitte Bagnol and Esmeralda Mariano: Elongation of the labia • Book review editor: Heli Hyvönen (Uni- minora and Use of Vaginal Products to Enhance Eroticism: Can versity of Helsinki) These Practices be Considered FGM? • Desktop publishing: Mika Takoja (Popu- 54 Courtney Smith: Creating Spaces: Challenging Conventional Discursive Norms Surrounding the Marking of Women’s Bodies lation Research Institute/Väestöliitto) 64 Aud Talle: Precarious Identities: Somali Women in Exile Editorial Board 74 Sara Johnsdotter: Popular Notions of FGC in Sweden: The Case of Ali • Elli Heikkilä (Institute of Migration), Elmi Mikko Lagerspetz (Åbo Akademi), Yngve Lithman (University of Bergen), Tuomas Project Reports Martikainen (Åbo Akademi), Sari Pie- 83 R. -
Management of Health Complications from Female Genital Mutilation I
WHO guidelines on the management of health complications from female genital mutilation i WHO guidelines on the management of health complications from female genital mutilation WHO guidelines on the management of health complications from female genital mutilation WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data WHO guidelines on the management of health complications from female genital mutilation. I. World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 154964 6 Subject headings are available from WHO institutional repository © World Health Organization 2016 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (http:// www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for non- commercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (http://www.who. int/about/licensing/copyright_form/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.