DOCSLIB.ORG

Cosmetics and Skin Care Products* 30 Ian R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cosmetics and Skin Care Products* 30 Ian R 30_493_506 05.11.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 493 Chapter 30 Cosmetics and Skin Care Products* 30 Ian R. White, Anton C. de Groot * In this chapter, the nomenclature used is according to the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI), as required for ingredient labeling in Europe. Contents 30.1 What Are Cosmetics? 30.1 What Are Cosmetics? . 493 30.2 Epidemiology of Side-Effects from Cosmetics 493 In European legislation, a “cosmetic product” is 30.2.1 The General Population . 493 any substance or preparation intended to be placed 30.2.2 Patients Seen by Dermatologists . 494 in contact with the various external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips, and 30.3 Clinical Picture . 494 external genital organs) or with the teeth and the 30.4 The Products Causing Cosmetic Allergy . 495 mucous membranes of the oral cavity with a view ex- 30.5 The Allergens . 495 clusively or mainly to cleaning them, perfuming 30.5.1 Fragrances . 495 them, changing their appearance and/or correcting 30.5.2 Preservatives . 497 body odors and/or protecting them or keeping them 30.5.2.1 Methylchloroisothiazolinone in good condition (Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC; (and) Methylisothiazolinone . 497 article 1). 30.5.2.2 Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile . 497 Included within the definition of a cosmetic are 30.5.2.3 Formaldehyde . 497 the following: 30.5.2.4 Formaldehyde Donors . 498 30.5.3 Quaternium-15 . 498 30.5.4 Imidazolidinyl Urea . 498 í Soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, and cleansing 30.5.5 Diazolidinyl Urea . 498 and moisturizing creams for regular care 30.5.6 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-Diol (Bronopol) 498 í Color cosmetics, such as eye shadows, 30.5.7 DMDM Hydantoin . 498 lipsticks, and nail varnishes 30.5.7.1 Parabens . 499 í Hair colorants and styling agents 30.5.7.2 Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate . 499 í Fragrance products, such as deodorants, 30.5.7.3 Miscellaneous Preservatives . 499 aftershaves, and perfumes 30.5.8 Tosylamide/Formaldehyde Resin . 499 í Ultraviolet light (UV light) screening p 30.5.9 -Phenylenediamine and Related Hair Dyes . 499 preparations 30.5.10 Cocamidopropyl Betaine . 500 30.5.11 UV Filters . 500 30.5.12 Lanolin and Derivatives . 500 30.5.13 Glyceryl Thioglycolate . 500 30.2 Epidemiology of Side-Effects 30.5.14 Propylene Glycol . 501 from Cosmetics 30.5.15 Antioxidants . 501 30.5.16 Miscellaneous Allergens . 501 30.2.1 The General Population 30.6 Diagnostic Procedures . 501 30.7 Ingredient Labeling in the European Union . 502 Everyone uses cosmetics and, given the enormous References . 503 volume of sales and the range of products available, there is remarkably little information on the inci- dence of adverse reactions to them. Most individuals who experience an adverse reaction to a cosmetic have a mild reaction and simply change to another product. Only rarely is an adverse reaction reported to a manufacturer, unless discomfort is marked or significant. In Europe, the industry is required to record adverse reactions reported to it and make the 30_493_506 05.11.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 494 494 Ian R.White, Anton C. de Groot register available to the appropriate “competent au- Table 1. Frequency of reactions (mean from all centers and range) to cosmetic ingredients in the standard series thority.” Individuals are also unlikely to present to a n dermatologist for evaluation, unless an adverse reac- ( =20,791) [5] tion is severe, as in the case of contact allergy to a Substance Mean Range hair dye, or persistent. (%) (%) Several thousand substances are available to the cosmetic scientist for incorporation into cosmetics. Fragrance mix 7.0 6.4–9.4 Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon pereirae) 5.8 4.0–6.7 The European Commission publishes an indicative Colophony (colophonium) 3.4 1.7–4.7 but not exhaustive list of general ingredients and fra- p-Phenylenediamine 2.8 0.3–4.9 grance substances – known as the Inventory [1]. Wool wax alcohols (lanolin alcohol) 2.8 1.2–3.9 Many of these ingredients have had a long and estab- Formaldehyde 2.2 1.4–5.2 lished use, and are recognized as being safe or having Parabens 1.1 0.5–2.6 Quaternium-15 0.9 0.3–2.2 a low toxicological profile. Some substances, howev- er, pose a significant risk of causing adverse reac- tions, and, for these other substances, little is known about their safety. Regulatory aspects are discussed olidinyl urea, and diazolidinyl urea, and some in- in Chap. 45. clude iodopropynyl butylcarbamate and others. A In the general population, a questionnaire survey European study of the frequency of hypersensitivity 30 of 1,022 individuals in the United Kingdom found 85 to some of these agents in a patch-tested population people (8.3%) who claimed to have experienced an totaling 20,791 individuals showed the incidence of adverse reaction related to the use of a cosmetic [2]. reactions as listed in Table 1 [5]. Of dermatological Of these 85 individuals, 44 were patch tested and in 11 patients patch tested for suspected allergic contact (1.1%), a significant reaction was obtained to a cos- dermatitis, about 10% are allergic to cosmetic ingre- metic ingredient. In Holland, a survey of 982 individ- dients [5]. uals attending beauticians found 254 (26%) who Women are more at risk of acquiring hypersensi- claimed to have experienced an adverse reaction to a tivity to cosmetic ingredients than men, due to their cosmetic [3]. Evaluation of 150 cases of this group by greater product use. Variability in the frequency of patch testing demonstrated 10 individuals, 1% of the reactions reported is partially attributable to differ- total, with an allergic reaction attributable to a cos- ent patient selection between centers. True temporal metic ingredient. These and other studies give an and geographical variations in the frequency of hy- idea of the proportion of the population who may persensitivity to cosmetic ingredients occur because have experienced an allergic contact reaction to a of differences in ingredient use. These differences in- cosmetic ingredient at some time.An estimated 1% is volve marketing strategies, local product preference, allergic to fragrances [4] and 2–3% are allergic to and preferred ingredient usage by manufacturers. substances that may be present in cosmetics and toi- Additionally, changes in legislation, recommenda- letries [5]. tions on ingredient use, and availability are further important factors. Dillarstone [6] has pointed out the phasic nature of the prevalence of contact allergy to 30.2.2 Patients Seen by Dermatologists preservatives that results from these latter factors. Detailed information is available regarding the prev- alence of contact allergy to some cosmetic ingre- 30.3 Clinical Picture dients amongst individuals who have been patch tested as an investigation for their dermatitis (of Sometimes, allergic contact dermatitis from cosmet- whatever type).The European standard series of con- ic products can easily be recognized. Examples in- tact allergens includes the following substances clude reactions to deodorant, eye shadow, perfume which may be used in cosmetics: fragrance mix, bal- dabbed behind the ears or on the wrist, and lipstick. sam of Peru (INCI name: Myroxylon pereirae; not In more than half of all cases, however, the diagnosis used as such in cosmetics, but included as an indica- of cosmetic allergy is not clinically suspected [7]. tor of fragrance sensitivity), formaldehyde, quaterni- The clinical picture of allergic cosmetic dermatitis um-15, methylchloroisothiazolinone (and) methylis- depends on the type of products used (and, conse- othiazolinone (MCI/MI), parabens, lanolin (wool al- quently, the sites of application), exposure, and the cohols), colophonium (colophony), and p-phenylen- patient’s sensitivity. Usually, a cosmetic contains only ediamine. Many centers also routinely test with the weak allergens or stronger ones present at low dilu- preservatives methyldibromo glutaronitrile, imidaz- tion, and the dermatitis resulting from cosmetic al- 30_493_506 05.11.2005 11:14 Uhr Seite 495 Cosmetics and Skin Care Products Chapter 30 495 lergy is mild: erythema, minimal edema, desquama- products specifically for children, may influence the tion, and papules.Weeping vesicular dermatitis rare- situation. ly occurs, although some products, especially the permanent hair dyes, may cause fierce reactions, not- ably on the face, ears, and scalp. Allergic reactions on 30.5 The Allergens the scalp may be seborrhö dermatitis-like with (tem- porary) hair loss. Although there are numerous publications on con- Contact allergy to fragrances may resemble an en- tact allergy to the ingredients of cosmetics, the dogenous eczema [8]. Lesions in the skin folds may systematic investigation of the allergens in such be mistaken for atopic dermatitis. Dermatitis due to products has been rare [7,15]. Fragrances and preser- perfumes or toilet water may be “streaky.”Allergy to vatives (and in recent years, the preservative methyl- tosylamide/formaldehyde resin in nail polish may af- dibromo glutaronitrile [18–20] has emerged as an fect the fingers [9], but most allergic reactions are lo- important cosmetic allergen) are the most common cated on the eyelids, in and behind the ears, on the causative ingredients in allergic cosmetic dermatitis. neck, and sometimes around the anus or vulva. Ecze- Other important allergens are the hair color p-phen- ma of the lips and the perioral region (cheilitis) [10] ylenediamine (and related permanent dyes), the nail may be caused by toothpastes [11], notably from the varnish resin tosylamide/formaldehyde resin [21], flavors contained therein [12]. and uncommonly to UV filters, lanolin and other The face itself is frequently involved,and often,the substances. dermatitis is limited to the face and/or eyelids. Other predilection sites for cosmetic dermatitis are the neck, arms, and hands. However, all parts of the body 30.5.1 Fragrances may be involved.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forever Young: the Social Transformation of Aging in America Since 1900
    Forever Young: The Social Transformation of Aging in America Since 1900 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Fallon, Cara Kiernan. 2018. Forever Young: The Social Transformation of Aging in America Since 1900. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41121250 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Forever Young: The Social Transformation of Aging in America Since 1900 A dissertation presented by Cara Kiernan Fallon to The Department of History of Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History of Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2018 © 2018 Cara Kiernan Fallon All rights reserved. Allan M. Brandt Cara Kiernan Fallon Forever Young: The Social Transformation of Aging in America Since 1900 Abstract Between 1900 and 2000, life expectancy in the United States increased by three decades—from 47 to 77—a greater increase in one century than in the entire previous history of humankind. With it, the population over sixty-five increased from four to twelve percent of the United States population, and those over eighty-five became the fastest-growing demographic group. While growing old has become increasingly common, the processes of aging have not become welcomed or accepted.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumers' Policy by Malena Boome a Thesis Submitted in Partial
    Cosmetics: Consumers’ Choice; Consumers’ Policy by Malena Boome A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Environmental Studies The Evergreen State College June 2018 ©2018 by Malena Boome. All rights reserved. This Thesis for the Master of Environmental Studies Degree by Malena Boome has been approved for The Evergreen State College by ________________________ Edward A. Whitesell, Ph. D. Member of the Faculty ________________________ Date ABSTRACT Cosmetics: Consumers’ Choice; Consumers’ Policy Malena Boome Human exposure to toxins happens in a variety of ways in people’s daily lives. Most of these toxins are known; however, one source of toxic chemical exposure may be coming from a lesser-known place, from cosmetics. Cosmetics policy in the United States under the authority of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is often referred to as much more relaxed than in other similarly developed countries such as those in the European Union. This thesis researches whether or not current cosmetics policy in the United States matches the opinions and perceptions of the consumers the policy is in place to protect. As of now, there is information coming from professional parties such as politicians, cosmetic companies, and scientists that inform the current cosmetics policy in the United States. This research concludes that consumer’s opinions and perceptions do not align with current cosmetics policy in the United States. Natural cosmetics were seen as a viable alternative to conventional cosmetics in the United States, and this research explores barriers that may be disconnecting consumers from purchasing these products. This research conducted an online survey that asked questions regarding opinions on current policies, as well as natural cosmetics and policy suggestions that have been made by researchers and cosmetic safety advocacy groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Beauty Industry
    Beauty Industry Specification of Competency Standards Version 1 (Revised) October 2016 Table of Contents Page Chapter 1 Preface Background of the Industry ............................................................ P.1-1 Current Situation of the Industry .................................................... P.1-1 Specification of Competency Standards ......................................... P.1-5 Chapter 2 Qualifications Framework Hong Kong Qualifications Framework ........................................... P.2-1 Qualifications Framework Levels ................................................... P.2-2 Chapter 3 Competency Standards Major Functional Areas of the Beauty Industry ............................. P.3-1 Functional Map showing the Major Functional Areas of the P.3-6 Beauty Industry ............................................................................... Competency Standards. .................................................................. P.3-7 Units of Competency ...................................................................... P.3-7 Recognition of Prior Learning ........................................................ P.3-7 Chapter 4 Units of Competency List of Competency for Practitioners of the Beauty Industry ......... P.4-1 Competency Level 1 ....................................................................... P.4-34 Competency Level 2 ....................................................................... P.4-61 Competency Level 3 ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Amorepacific: Global Roadmap
    Amorepacific: Global Roadmap Jaeyong Song Professor, Graduate School of Business, Seoul National University [email protected] Hyejun Kim Master’s candidate, College of Business Administration, Seoul National University [email protected] Written in 2010.6.30. 1 Amorepacific: Global Roadmap If we want to grow faster, we have to grow outside the Korean market.1 - Kyung-Bae Suh, CEO Announcing Vision 2015, Kyung-Bae Suh, CEO of Amorepacific, declared his ambition to make the company one of the top 10 beauty companies in the world by 2015. The year 2015 will be the 70th anniversary for the company since its establishment. The founder, Sung- Whan Suh, built the largest cosmetic company in the country out of a small camellia oil store, and his son and current CEO, Kyung-Bae Suh, succeeded and elevated the company to a much bigger firm that generates annual sales of 1.5 trillion KRW (2009) only in the cosmetics business. But he was looking even further. Under the slogan Asian Beauty Creator, he had ambitions of making the company as highly acknowledged as global cosmetics companies such as L’Oreal and P&G. Throughout its history, Amorepacific has seen a steady growth in the domestic market. Its sales almost tripled from 690 billion KRW in 1997 to 1.8 trillion KRW in 2009. (Exhibit 1 Sales trend for the last 5 years) The achievement was attributed to the firm’s organic growth over 10% every year, supported by the consistent investment in its brand and technology. But the growth was certain to be limited when bounded in the domestic market.
    [Show full text]
  • COSMETICS in USE: a PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW Abdul Kader Mohiuddin, Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh KEYWORD
    European Journal of Biology and Medical Science Research Vol.7, No.4, pp.22-64, October 2019 Published by ECRTD- UK Print ISSN: ISSN 2053-406X, Online ISSN: ISSN 2053-4078 COSMETICS IN USE: A PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW Abdul Kader Mohiuddin, Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh 151/8, Green Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka – 1205, Bangladesh Orcid Id: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-9757 Web of Science Researcher ID: T-5428-2019 ABSTRACT: The word “cosmetics” actually stems from its use in Ancient Rome. They were typically produced by female slaves known as “cosmetae,” which is where the word “cosmetics” stemmed from. Cosmetics are used to enhance appearance. Makeup has been around for many centuries. The first known people who used cosmetics to enhance their beauty were the Egyptians. Makeup those days was just simple eye coloring or some material for the body. Now-a-days makeup plays an important role for both men and women. In evolutionary psychology, social competition of appearance strengthens women’s desires for ideal beauty. According to “The Origin of Species”, humans have evolved to transfer genes to future generations through sexual selection that regards the body condition of ideal beauty as excellent fertility. Additionally, since women’s beauty has recently been considered a competitive advantage to create social power, a body that meets the social standards of a culture could achieve limited social resources. That's right, even men have become more beauty conscious and are concerned about their looks. Cosmetics can be produced in the organic and hypoallergenic form to meet the demands of users.
    [Show full text]
  • Shizuka Bernstein, Owner and Lead Aesthetician
    SHIZUKA NEW YORK DAY SPA award-winning skin care with a japanese flair Shizuka Bernstein, Owner and Lead Aesthetician 7 West 51st Street, 6th Floor New York, NY 10019 (212) 644-7400 www.ShizukaNY.com SHIZUKA NEW YORK DAY SPA award-winning skin care with a japanese flair st th 7 West 51 Street, 6 Fl., New York, NY 10019 │ (212) 644-7400 │ ShizukaNY.com About Shizuka New York Day Spa Shizuka New York Day Spa has gained notoriety as one of Manhattan’s premiere day spas. Located in the heart of the city near Rockefeller Center, Shizuka New York Day Spa evolved from the skin care practice of gifted facialist Shizuka Bernstein into a full service spa offering the finest in facials, massage, hair removal, nail spa, and medical cosmetic treatments in a tranquil, “Zen” environment that seems far removed from the bustle of the Big Apple. At the core of Shizuka New York Day Spa is skin care, and owner Shizuka Bernstein has proven herself to be a leading expert in the field, having been twice-awarded “Best Facial” and named a “Skin Care Guru” by New York Magazine, and having been featured as a “Beauty Superstar” in Allure Magazine. Shizuka has also appeared as a beauty expert in Marie Claire, Shape, the New York Daily News, and on numerous television broadcasts including NBC’s The Today Show, CBS’s The Early Show and The Doctors, CNN, Fox News, and CNBC’s The Big Idea, among others. A true skin care innovator, Shizuka and her spa are perhaps best known for her Geisha Facial which captured international attention for its use of a unique Japanese ingredient: nightingale droppings.
    [Show full text]
  • Formulas, Ingredients and Production of Cosmetics
    Formulas, Ingredients and Production of Cosmetics Hiroshi Iwata Kunio Shimada Formulas, Ingredients and Production of Cosmetics Technology of Skin- and Hair-Care Products in Japan Hiroshi Iwata Kunio Shimada ERICA Co., Ltd. NOF Corporation Saitama, Japan Tokyo, Japan Technical translator Yuko Makuuchi ISBN 978-4-431-54060-1 ISBN 978-4-431-54061-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-54061-8 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012947809 © Springer Japan 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Show Notes
    Empowering you Organically - Season 7 – Episode 52 Title: Top 12 Skincare Ingredients That Are Slowly Killing You - Part 1 Hosts: Jonathan Hunsaker, TeriAnn Trevenen Guest: None Description: This week we dive into the murky ingredients in your skincare products. Many of these are hormone disrupters and known carcinogens. Since our skin is our largest organ and we're all about limiting toxicity in our lives this episode was a MUST. Tune in this week to learn how to be a savvy skincare shopper! Featured Product Clean Sourced Collagens • Features five collagen types from four different sources! • Contains eight grams of protein per serving • Help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles • Helps ease joint stiffness and discomfort • Formulated with vitamin C, horsetail extract, and zinc for maximum absorption • Odorless, flavorless formula easily mixes into water, juice, or smoothies * * * Why Skincare Impacts Your Health • Skin is the biggest organ on your body. • Skin absorbs everything that we put on it. • Skincare is one of the most lucrative industries in the world. “Fake Skincare” • In March of 2019, the Environmental Working Group, the EWG, reported that US regulation of chemicals and contaminants in cosmetics is falling behind the rest of the world. • More than 40 nations, ranging from major industrialized economies like the United Kingdom and Germany, to developing states like Cambodia and Vietnam, have enacted regulations specifically targeting the safety and ingredients of cosmetics and personal care products. o Some of these nations have restricted or completely banned more than 1,400 chemicals from cosmetic products. • By contrast, the US Food and Drug Administration has banned or restricted only 9 chemicals for safety reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • The Secrets of Traditional Asian Beauty
    The Secrets of Traditional Asian Beauty - June 12, 2015 Asian Scientist Magazine | Science, Technology and Medicine News Updates From Asia - http://www.asianscientist.com The Secrets of Traditional Asian Beauty June 12, 2015 http://www.asianscientist.com/2015/06/print/secrets-traditional-asian-beauty/ AsianScientist (Jun. 12, 2015) - Did you know that many beauty products have their basis in science? We take a look at ancient natural beauty remedies that Asian women have been using for centuries. ------ #1 SKIN WHITENING Although Chinese notions of beauty have changed over its long history, one thing that has stayed constant is the desire for fair skin. Today, skin whitening products represent a multi-million dollar growth industry not only in China but all across Asia. In 2011, Taiwanese scientists found that compounds isolated from an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine could also be used to lighten skin. They showed that linderanolide B and subamolide A from the Cinnamomum subavenium plant could inhibit the production of melanin, the dark pigment that gives skin its color. When they tested the compounds on zebrafish embryos, which normally contain a highly visible band of black pigment, they found that exposure to a low dose of the compounds was sufficient to turn the embryos white. 1 / 11 The Secrets of Traditional Asian Beauty - June 12, 2015 Asian Scientist Magazine | Science, Technology and Medicine News Updates From Asia - http://www.asianscientist.com Photo: Shutterstock. ——— Cover photo: Shutterstock. #2 LIPSTICKS The Chinese were one of the first to redden their lips, using a lip balm made with the pigment vermilion.
    [Show full text]
  • Dimeric Surfactants: Promising Ingredients of Cosmetics and Toiletries
    Cosmetics 2013, 1, 3-13; doi:10.3390/cosmetics1010003 OPEN ACCESS cosmetics ISSN 2079-9284 www.mdpi.com/journal/cosmetics Review Dimeric Surfactants: Promising Ingredients of Cosmetics and Toiletries Naveen Kumar and Rashmi Tyagi * Department of Chemical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna, Madhya Pradesh 473226, India; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-9425798395. Received: 29 August 2013; in revised form: 30 October 2013 / Accepted: 31 October 2013 / Published: 21 November 2013 Abstract: Surfactants are an essential ingredient for cosmetic, toiletries and personal care products for enhancing their performance. Dimeric surfactants demonstrate superiority compared to conventional surfactants in all areas of application. Dimeric surfactants are extremely promising for utilization in various cosmetic formulations viz. shampoo, lotions, creams, conditioners etc. These surfactants possess extremely unique surface properties viz. lower surface tension, unique micellization, low critical micelle concentration (CMC) and antimicrobial activity, higher solubilization etc. Dimerics enhance the performances of cosmetics in an extraordinary manner and provide eco-friendly preparations for human epidermis. Keywords: dimeric surfactants; critical micelle concentration; surface activity; cosmetics 1. Introduction The worldwide market for cosmetics surfactants was evaluated to be around US $10.5 billion in 2012. This massive multi-million dollar market is captured by cosmetics and personal care products prevalently. As a result of improved living standards and continuing cultural driving forces, this market continues to grow. Mainly, these products have been made from fats and oils, which generally are perceived to have the advantage of occurring naturally in the human body but display fewer problems in terms of toxicity, allergenicity etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Instructions
    Course Instructions NOTE: The following page contains a preview of the final exam. The final exam is identical to the final exam that your will take online after you purchase the course. After you purchase the course online, you will be taken to a receipt page online which will have a link to take the final exam. You will then click on this link to begin taking the exam. The link will also be emailed to you. 3 Easy Step to Complete the Course: 1.) Read the Course Below 2.) Purchase the Course Online & Take the Final Exam – see note above 3.) Print Out Your Certificate North Carolina Esthetician 8 CE Hour Class Final Exam CHEMICALS IN SALONS 9. A cosmetic is considered misbranded if its safety has not adequately been substantiated, and it does not 1. Products intended to cleanse or beautify are bear the following conspicuous statement on the generally regulated as________. Principal Display Panel: _____. a. cosmetics. a. Warning - The safety of this product has not been b. drugs. determined. c. cosmeceuticals. b. Warning - Avoid spraying in eyes. d. monographs. c. Warning - Use only as directed. 2. A typical foundation cream emulsifier: ________. d. Caution - For external use only. a. sorbital. b. tween 60. SANITATION AND INFECTION CONTROL c. glycerol. 10. Some ways infections are spread in a salon include d. cetyl alcohol. but are not limited to the following: ________. 3. A typical eye liner film former: ________. a. clean hands and implements. a. mineral wax. b. sanitary salon conditions. b. stearic acid. c. open sores.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity in the Cosmetics Sector
    Fact Sheet: Biodiversity in the Cosmetics Sector This fact sheet assists environmental and sustainability managers as well as auditors with analyzing biodiversity and integrating it into corporate management systems. The sheet contains references to legal guidelines and provides, where possible, suggestions to industry specific operating figures and indicators for the continuous improvement of corporate biodiversity management. According to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity the term biodiversity describes diversity of life on the different levels of biological organization. This includes the diversity of species (plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms) and ecosystems as well as the genetic diversity within species and populations. Biodiversity is the basis for functioning and stabile ecosystems and ensures their ability to provide the economy and society with essential goods and services. These include raw materials, like food and clean water as well as numerous biological resources that serve as natural ingredients with useful properties in cosmetic products. Drivers of Biodiversity Loss The scientific community is convinced that due to human influences, species are becoming extinct at up to 1,000 times the rate that natural condition would cause. Without effective measures, biodiversity loss will continue to accelerate leading to unforeseen effects on the economy and society. From a global perspective, the following factors are the primary drivers of biodiversity loss: . Degradation and destruction of habitats and ecosystems . Overexploitation of natural resources . Climate change . Emissions/Pollution . Invasive alien species Whereas the reduction of emissions is a „traditional goal“ of environmental management systems and climate change increasingly taken into consideration via the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gases, other aspects are rarely considered.
    [Show full text]