Tion of Online Card Payments a Financial Institution That

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tion of Online Card Payments a Financial Institution That 3-D Secure™ Security standard developed by Visa and MasterCard for the authentica- tion of online card payments Acquirer/acquiring bank A financial institution that concludes an agreement with merchants for the acceptance of credit cards as a means of payment for goods and services and which settles card payments for merchants. Alternative payment methods These mostly comprise non-card based payment methods such as pay- ment services, wallets, vouchers and bank-account based or prepaid me- thods. Billing and Settlement Plan (BSP) The most widespread system in the world for simple processing of airline ticket sales. Bluetooth low energy (BLE) This technology facilitates data transmission over distances of up to ten metres. Using microtransmitters (beacons) for the connection, this techno- logy offers innovative location-related services. Checkout Page A web-based, PCI-compliant payment page for simple and secure accep- tance of credit cards and other national and international means of pay- ment. End customers input their data into a website hosted by Wirecard to make online payments. Checkout Seamless This integrated payment page makes it possible to directly integrate all relevant input fields for payments seamlessly into online shop interface. CNP, Card Not Present Card transaction in which the card is not physically presented to the mer- chant, e.g. for an orders in long-distance trading (online or MOTO). Co-branded card A co-branded card is a card issued by a licensed card issuer which bears the design of a third party company. Fraud Prevention Suite (FPS) Wirecard’s risk management system which identifies suspicious data and/ or behaviour patterns in real time and effectively prevents fraud. Host Card Emulation (HCE) Makes it possible to carry out secure, NFC-based transactions for pay- ments and services via mobile apps, regardless of whether a physical se- cure element (SE) is available on the mobile phone. All data generated du- ring a transaction is stored in a secure centralised server. GlossaRY In-app payment In-app payment refers to payment for goods or services via a mobile terminal in connection with a mobile application. Customers can store their desired payment type, such as credit cards or alternative payment methods, in their user account and can make one-click payments the next time they log in. Issuer/issuing bank Financial institution which issues payment cards (credit, debit and prepaid cards) as a member bank of the card organisations and receives transactions from its cardholders from other member banks or merchants. Loyalty and couponing Serve to control specific marketing campaigns, based on card transactions. Mobile card reader The card reader is a mobile add-on device which is attached to smartphones or tablets, turning the device into a payment terminal. Mobile payment Includes, for example, the payment of digital or physical merchandise or a service on the mobile phone (payment on mobile/in-app payment) using the mobile phone (mobile at the point of sale) or the mobile phone as the payment terminal (mobile as the point of sale). Mobile wallet A mobile wallet managed via the mobile phone. Various digital cards can be stored in a mobile wallet. MOTO, Mail Order/Telephone The purchase of goods or services, with the purchase order issued by phone Order or in writing by fax or using an order card. mPoS, mobile point of sale Payment with a mobile device and a mobile card reader. Near field communication NFC technology is the wireless transfer of data over a short distance (near (NFC) technology field). NFC sticker Bridge technology to equip smartphones with contactless technology. NFC stickers can be attached to the rear of the mobile terminal and used to initiate payments in connection with a mobile wallet. OTA, Over-the-Air Wireless transmission of data Payment service provider (PSP) A company which receives electronic payment transactions for merchants etc., authenticates these, processes them and in this regard also provides the merchant with the corresponding software, if required. PCI DSS PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) is a security stan- dard initiated by VISA and MasterCard for merchants and payment service providers who process credit card payments using their systems, or which store or transfer card data. Personal identification number Secret number that is only allocated to one single card, which enables the (PIN) card holder to confirm a POS payment or to access their account using a cashpoint. Prepaid card Has all of the features of a standard credit card and mostly licensed by VISA or MasterCard on a prepaid basis. Provisioning Storing card data in NFC-enabled smartphones in order to be able to make payments using the mobile phone. The card data is stored on the SIM card or in a secure area of the smartphone. PSP, Payment Service Provider See Payment Service Provider. Risk management Recording and analysing transaction data to minimise the risk of fraud and to protect the merchant against payment default. QR code, quick response code A two-dimensional code which can be scanned by mobile phones using the camera and relevant software (QR code reader). Information is embedded in the code, such as links to websites, for example. SaaS, Software as a Service Demand-orientated provision of software applications (download) SCP, supplier and commission An automated solution for global payments to companies receiving payments payments via their credit card acceptance agreement. Secure element (SE) Hardware module in a mobile phone where data can be stored securely. SEPA, single euro payment Refers to the euro payment area, which currently comprises 34 countries in- area cluding the 28 EU member states as well as Ireland, Lichtenstein, Monaco, Norway, San Marino and Switzerland. Settlement Processing transactions and depositing the processed transaction with the merchant’s contractual bank (acquirer). Settlement currency The currency in which settlement is performed in a bank account. GlossaRY SP-TSM, Service Provider SP-TSMs ensure secure, smooth connections between the card issuer and an Trusted Service Manager NFC smartphone. Services include adding virtual card data to NFC-enabled SIM cards, and also managing cards in the smartphone. SWIFT code An 8 or 11-digit international bank sorting code issued by SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) to identify a bank in inter- national payment transactions. Tokenisation Sensitive data, such as credit card numbers, is replaced by reference values or “tokens”. This can be used without restriction by systems and applications, whereas the original data is saved in a secure, PCI-conform data-safe. Trust Evaluation Suite Part of risk management. Through a comprehensive 360-degree assessment, it provides retailers with all relevant information on the consumer in real time and in an automated way. Virtual card A payment card that only comprises a card number, a validity period and a security code, and which can only be used in distance transactions (online, MOTO payments) due to the missing physical features (such as a magnetic strip, EMV chip). Virtual account number A 10-digit, purpose-linked account number with Wirecard Bank AG, compri- sing a 3-digit constant part and a 7-digit variable part, which can be freely selected by the company and which clearly identifies the designated purpose and the sender. Virtual terminal, Wirecard Internet-assisted user interface for payment acceptance (including via MOTO), Checkout Terminal which is used in call centres, for example. Allows direct payment acceptance without signature by the paying party. Risk management checks are perfor- med as for online payments. WEP, Wirecard Enterprise Wirecard AG’s web-based management and reporting application which pro- Portal vides merchants with all the functions needed to manage payment transac- tions, adding risk strategies, managing card portfolios and creating reports and statistics. White label solution Wirecard solutions which companies create with their own corporate design and offer under their own name. WIRecaRD PAYMENT SCHEMES The Wirecard Group offers merchants various national and international payment schemes EUROPE, EASTERN NORTH AMERICA EUROPE, RUSSIA ASIA/PACIFIC, MIDDLE EAST LATIN AMERCIA afRICA PaYment MetHod TYPES PaYment CARDS: International and domestic card brands ELectRonIC FUndS TRanSfeR: Direct Debit ONLINE BanKIng PaYmentS: Real-time bank transfer ALteRnatIVE PAYMENT SCHEMES: Wallet, Cash/Voucher, Online/Offline MobILE SeRVICES: Mobile payments NORTH AMERICA Brazil EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE, Visa, MasterCard, American Hipercard, Aura, Sorocred RUSSIA Express, JCB, UATP, Diners Transferencia Bradesco, Visa, MasterCard, American Club, Discover Debito Bradesco Express, JCB, UATP, Diners Club, Discover, China Union- SWIFT Boleto Bancário, Mercado Pay, Maestro (Solo), Visa PayPal, Pago Electron Skrill/Moneybookers Wallet Mexico SWIFT, SEPA Credit Transfer, SEPA Direct Debit, EBICS LATIN AMERICA Visa Electron (domestic card brands) PayPal, paysafecard, cashti- Visa, MasterCard, American cket, Skrill/Moneybookers Express, JCB, UATP, Wallet Diners Club, Discover AFRICA SWIFT Visa, MasterCard, American Austria PayPal, Express, JCB, UATP, EPS, Direct Debit Skrill/Moneybookers Wallet Diners Club, Discover SWIFT Sofortüberweisung.de PayPal, @Quick Skrill/Moneybookers Wallet paybox Belgium Poland Japan Sofortüberweisung.de, InstantBank, Przelewy24, Wire Transfer* Bancontact/Mister Cash Sofortüberweisung.de Korea
Recommended publications
  • Payment Processing European Acquiring
    Payment Processing European Acquiring: Merchant Operating Guide Version 2.1 Latest Update 19-01-18 Paysafe Holdings UK Limited Page 1 <Document Name> Version <1.0> Paysafe Group Plc Date dd.mm.yyyy CONTENTS IMPORTANT INFORMATION ............................................................................. 3 PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE .................................................................................. 3 CNP TRANSACTION (CARD NOT PRESENT (CNP) – E-COMMERCE, MAIL AND TELEPHONE ORDER ................................................................................................ 3 3D SECURE .................................................................................................................................................. 4 CARD SECURITY CODE (CSC)/ CARD VERIFICATION VALUE (CVC) AND ADDRESS ................................................. 4 NEGATIVE LIST .............................................................................................................................................. 5 ORDER VELOCITY MONITORING ....................................................................................................................... 5 IP ADDRESS AND BLOCK LISTS .......................................................................................................................... 5 FURTHER ADVICE ........................................................................................................................................... 7 SHIPPING GOODS AND PROVIDING SERVICES .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GC Cabbie Nov 9 for PDF[1]
    I S S U E MONTHLY 9 N O V E M B E R 2 0 0 9 GC Cabbie this issue From the CEO CEO News P.1 Operational News P.2 Once again the Gold Coast has shown it’s resiliency in the face of global pressures; the media has essentially reported that we are now in the Marketing / Ombudsman Survey P.3 middle of a boom, the restaurants are busy, there are people out and Accounts P.4 about and the public are travelling again. Our figures have shown the same trend: bookings have increased over the last three months and Technical Services P .5 our hope is that the trend continues. Our Contact Centre Staff have Human Resources / Dreamworld Rank P.6 been under pressure as the calls have increased faster than antici- pated, thus, we have hired additional staff to assist with the Christmas Customer Feedback P.7 period. I would like to congratulate all of the Customer Service Reps Customer Feedback P.8 and Radio Operators for their efforts. Following on from a disappointing SuperGP we are heading into our traditionally busy period. Everyone within the Gold Coast Cabs group needs to ensure that we continue to provide exceptional customer service even when it is busy: • Smile • Be courteous • Be helpful (put the luggage / shopping into the car, open the door for the passenger etc) • Take pride in your work, car and appearance • Drive safely • Offer to change the radio station or to turn it off • Ask if they are comfortable, adjust / turn on the air-conditioning • Don’t speak on your mobile phone (even hands free) with passengers in the car • Be positive Do every job: every customer is to be treated equally, regardless of whether they are travelling around the cor- ner or going further.
    [Show full text]
  • Merchant Integration Guide
    PAYFORT Merchant Integration Guide Document Version: 10.0 July, 2019 PayFort PayFort Merchant Integration Guide Copyright Statement All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without the prior written permission from PayFort Corporation. Trademark 2014-2019 PayFort ©, all rights reserved. Contents are subject to change without prior notice. Contact Us [email protected] www.PayFort.com 2014-2019 PayFort ©, all rights reserved 2 PayFort PayFort Merchant Integration Guide Contents 1. FORT in a Glimpse .......................................................................................................................... 11 2. About this Document ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.1 Intended Audience .................................................................................................................... 12 3. Request/ Response Value Type ....................................................................................................... 13 4. Before Starting the Integration with FORT........................................................................................ 14 5. Redirection ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Authorization/ Purchase URLs .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Government Pension Fund – Global Holding of Equities at 31 December 2007
    NORGES BA N K IN VESTME N T MA N AGEME N T ANNU A L REPO R T 2007 1 Government Pension Fund – Global Holding of equities at 31 December 2007 Europe Market value (NOK 1000) Ownership stake (per cent) Voting (per cent) Market value (NOK 1000) Ownership stake (per cent) Voting (per cent) AUSTRIA CROATIA Agrana Beteiligungs AG 7 370 0,092 0,092 Hrvatski Telekom dd 9 366 0,031 0,031 Andritz AG 44 606 0,261 0,261 A-TEC Industries AG 8 731 0,183 0,183 CYPRUS Austriamicrosystems AG 14 733 0,545 0,544 Bank of Cyprus Public Co Ltd 258 088 0,462 0,462 Austrian Airlines AG 4 904 0,115 0,115 Marfin Popular Bank Public Co Ltd 112 322 0,195 0,195 Boehler-Uddeholm AG 21 637 0,077 0,077 bwin Interactive Entertainment AG 23 914 0,346 0,346 CZECH REPUBLIC BWT AG 7 777 0,151 0,151 Philip Morris CR AS 23 736 0,364 0,364 CA Immo International AG 6 034 0,151 0,151 CA Immobilien Anlagen AG 34 729 0,328 0,328 DENMARK CAT Oil AG 4 798 0,082 0,082 A P Moller - Maersk A/S 921 847 0,363 0,433 Conwert Immobilien Invest SE 26 735 0,328 0,328 ALK-Abello A/S 13 504 0,209 0,230 Erste Bank der Oesterreichischen Sparkassen AG 729 685 0,599 0,599 Alm Brand A/S 7 943 0,125 0,125 EVN AG 62 871 0,219 0,219 Amagerbanken A/S 5 234 0,176 0,176 Flughafen Wien AG 19 884 0,151 0,151 Auriga Industries 3 080 0,123 0,175 Immoeast AG 173 045 0,355 0,355 Bang & Olufsen A/S 21 199 0,342 0,377 IMMOFINANZ AG 179 658 0,709 0,709 Bavarian Nordic A/S 3 610 0,148 0,148 Intercell AG 15 019 0,157 0,157 Biomar Holding A/S 2 573 0,112 0,112 Lenzing AG 3 475 0,033 0,033 Carlsberg A/S 97 282 0,199
    [Show full text]
  • Terminal Payment Services
    Terminal Payment Services www.netpay.co.uk/bookerintelligent payments www.netpay.co.uk Terminal Payment Services Terminal payment services, also commonly referred to as CHP or Cardholder Present, are those that provide the capability for a purchase to be made on a payment terminal with the card holder present, it is also possible to take payments over the telephone or by mail order (MOTO) subject to a suitable setup of the merchant account. It is important to remember, as with any payment service, that there are 2 aspects involved in terminal payments, these are; Processing - This is the part of the transaction that gets the customer making the purchase routed through to the acquiring bank. Simply, the software which sits on the terminal enabling payment options to be securely routed to the acquiring bank. Acquisition - This is simply the banking aspect of the payments service. When the payment service provider processes the transaction, it is passed through to an acquiring bank for the credit or debit card transaction to be processed. This process is essentially no different to an online transaction replacing the software application for a physical terminal to deliver the capability to process a card transaction and deliver it to the acquiring bank. It is important to note that CHP & CNP services require 2 separate merchant ID’s and need to be set up with the acquirer accordingly. Additional merchant ID’s will be required for other card schemes such as AMEX. NetPay also offers an additional service on selected terminals, namely Mobile Top-up (MTU). This is the service that enables merchants to process mobile phone top-ups via their terminal to a large number of mobile networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Spotto Cash Card Product Disclosure Statement
    SPOTTO CASH CARD PRODUCT DISCLOSURE STATEMENT In this Product Disclosure Statement for the Spotto Cash Card you will find: Part A – General Information and Part B – Terms and Conditions including Fees and Charges Dated 5 June 2019 Page 1 of 24 CONTENTS Part A General Information ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1. About this Product Disclosure Statement ................................................................................................ 4 2. Electronic Statements ................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Changes to this PDS .................................................................................................................................... 4 4. General Product Description ...................................................................................................................... 4 5. Parties involved in the distribution of the Card........................................................................................ 5 6. Card Issuer .................................................................................................................................................... 5 7. Roles of the card Distributors and Issuer ................................................................................................. 5 8. Who is eligible for the Card? ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Perspectives on Payments Regulation – It Depends Which Way You Look At
    Perspectives on Payments Regulation – It depends which way you look at it… March 2020 Lance Blockley David Ojerholm Mitchell Hu The Japanese remain welded to the use of cash, whilst Australians are heavy users of payment cards - there are clearly lots of differences between the two countries, but one is certainly the cost for merchants to accept a card payment, which has been regulated down to a low level in Australia. Whether or not regulation is good or bad often depends which side of the fence you sit. Sometimes society demands it to solve a problem. Sometimes legislators impose it to solve a problem that is over the horizon or we don’t yet know we have. But with regulation, there are almost always unintended consequences, winners and losers, storm clouds and silver linings. The RBA introduces payments regulation to Australia With respect to credit cards, the RBA first introduced interchange regulation in January 2003 that allowed merchants to recover the costs of accepting card payments – the right to surcharge. The second part of the reform was introduced in October 2003 to limit the level of interchange being paid by acquirers to issuers on credit cards to a weighted average of 0.55%. Data supporting the achievement of the average was to be reviewed every 3 years, with a re-set of Scheme interchange rates if necessary. Debit cards and 3-party Scheme cards, such as American Express and Diners Club, were not regulated. The 0.55% rate1 was determined following separate credit card cost studies undertaken by Visa and Mastercard, as mandated by the RBA, which also defined what the Schemes and their credit card issuing banks were permitted to include in their cost calculations.
    [Show full text]
  • Myths and Facts
    Interchange Myths and Facts Myth: Interchange fees are a “hidden tax” on consumers. FACT: Interchange fees are neither hidden nor a tax, and are not paid by consumers. An interchange fee is a small fee paid by a merchant’s acquiring bank to a cardholder’s issuing bank as part of an electronic payment card transaction. Interchange facilitates the global electronic payments system and serves as a critical tool to balance the benefits and costs of that system among its participants. This fee allows merchants to enjoy all the benefits they seek from card acceptance, including security, guaranteed payment, fraud protection and speed of service. Each merchant is able to negotiate its own card acceptance costs with its acquiring bank, and similarly, the merchant’s bank and card-issuing bank are also able to bilaterally negotiate their fees. To overcome the inefficiency of thousands of separate negotiations, however, MasterCard sets “default” interchange rates that may be used in the absence of separately negotiated arrangements. MasterCard publicly discloses all of its interchange rates on its website, and merchants are free to disclose these fees to their customers. For further information, please visit www.mastercardmerchant.com. Myth: Reducing and capping interchange will benefit consumers, so enacting the Durbin Amendment is a positive development. FACT: For more than four decades, interchange has been set to balance the costs, risks and rewards of electronic payments for cardholders, merchants and issuing banks. Even prior to the price caps enacted by the Durbin Amendment’s implementation, consumers saw the unintended negative impact as banks anticipated regulations by limiting cardholder benefits and raising fees.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Payment and Information Security Terms
    PAYMENT CARD INDUSTRY SECURITY STANDARDS COUNCIL Glossary of Payment and Information Security Terms DATA SECURITY ESSENTIALS FOR SMALL MERCHANTS A PRODUCT OF THE PAYMENT CARD INDUSTRY SMALL MERCHANT TASK FORCE VERSION 2.0 | AUGUST 2018 Introduction This Glossary of Payment and Information Security Terms is a supplement to the Guide to Safe Payments, part of the Data Security Essentials for Small Merchants. Its intent is to explain relevant Payment Card Industry (PCI) and information security terms in easy-to-understand language. Definitions for terms marked with an asterisk (*) are based on or derived from definitions in the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS) and Payment Application Data Security Standard (PA-DSS): Glossary of Terms, Abbreviations, and Acronyms. The latest version of this glossary is considered the authoritative source, and must be referred to for the current and complete PCI DSS and PA-DSS definitions. Please refer to the Data Security Essentials for Small Merchants at the following: RESOURCE URL Guide to Safe Payments https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/Small_ Merchant_Guide_to_Safe_Payments.pdf Common Payment Systems https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/Small_ Merchant_Common_Payment_Systems.pdf Questions to Ask Your Vendors https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/Small_ Merchant_Questions_To_Ask_Your_Vendors.pdf Evaluation Tool https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/merchants/ This tool is provided for merchant information only. An option for merchants is to use it as a first step to gain insight about security practices relevant to the way they accept payments, to provide their initial responses, and to see their results. Data Security Essentials for Small Merchants: Glossary of Payment and Information Security Terms | August 2018 Copyright 2018 PCI Security Standards Council, LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Revenue Result Following 5 Year Commitment to Strengthening Revenue Mix
    1H20 highlights ▪ Record 1H revenue result following 5 year commitment to strengthening revenue mix ▪ Mobile Technologies International and Gold Coast Cabs performing above post acquisition expectations ▪ Fully digitised Cabcharge Payment offering gaining traction ▪ Launch of new Network/Bureau services in Mackay, Gold Coast, Tweed Heads, Perth and Albury Wodonga extending national footprint ▪ Strong organic growth in new Champ Network established in Perth during 1H20 from 0 to 223 cars ▪ Accelerating growth in handheld payments with Spotto growth up 22% ▪ Preferred Driver program launched giving Passengers more choice and control ▪ Installation of next generation in-car equipment ▪ App bookings up 19% 2 1H20 Overview A2B grew revenue, improved its services and enhanced the value propositions of its core products. 13cabs expanded its national personal transport footprint and MTI extended its global technology reach with new clients. Additional investment in marketing came at a short term cost but contributed to a strengthened 13cabs brand and growing use of digital booking channels (13cabs app up 19% and 13cabs mobile web up 66%). Competition with rideshare continued in 1H20 although there are now signs that Taxi patronage has stabilised. Our determination to raise the bar with higher qualifying standards for Driver professionalism and for 13cabs and Silver Service vehicles coincided with a temporary impact of short term tactics amongst smaller Taxi network and payment providers who are less invested in market changes. Meanwhile A2B was impacted by an aggregate $1.1m from adverse changes in Taxi licence markets, particularly in NSW. Government policy changes in NSW have deferred the full benefits of our investment in Safety cameras for up to 12 months while 88 Wheelchair Accessible Taxis were excluded from the fleet in Sydney.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chargeback Process
    THE CHARGEBACK PROCESS Below are answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about chargebacks. If you don’t see the answer to your question, let us know at [email protected] or call our support line at (800) 405-4818. WHAT IS A CHARGEBACK? To understand the chargeback process, we first need to understand what a chargeback is. In simplest terms, a chargeback is a disputed charge made using a credit card. The cardholder (that’s the person whose credit card we’re talking about) is basically saying, “There’s a charge on my credit card and I’m not taking responsibility for it for [xyz] reason.” The chargeback process is the process by which all the many parties involved – yes, there’s a few – investigate and figure out whether a charge is valid or not. WHO ARE THE PARTIES INVOLVED? In any credit card transaction, there’s going to be several parties involved. We can start with the cardholder and the bank where he or she holds an account. The cardholder’s bank is called the issuing bank. That’s the one side of a credit card transaction. On the other side of a transaction, you have the merchant; this is usually a business where the transaction was made. Like the cardholder, the merchant is also going to have a bank; the merchant’s bank is the acquiring bank. Time to go another level deeper. Let’s talk about the card networks. Visa, Mastercard, American Express are all card brands, or card networks, that you probably recognize.
    [Show full text]
  • Multipurpose Fare Media: Developments and Issues
    Transit Cooperative Research Program Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration RESEARCH RESULTS DIGEST June 1997--Number 16 Subject Area: VI Public Transit Responsible Senior Program Officer: Stephen J Andrle Multipurpose Fare Media: Developments and Issues This TCRP digest presents the interim findings of TCRP Project A-14, "Potential of Multipurpose Fare Media," conducted by Multisystems, Inc., in collaboration with Dove Associates, Inc., and Mundle & Associates, Inc. Included in the digest are (1) a summary of the emerging developments, (2)a discussion of key issues and concerns, and (3) a technicalappendix presenting the results of a survey of transit operators fare collection practices and plans. CHAPTER 1--INTRODUCTION These may overlap, and in particular, the latter two approaches are often pursued together. This digest contains examples of multipurpose TCRP Project A-14, Potential of Multipurpose transit fare payment programs and discusses Fare Media, is intended to identify issues and institutional, technological, and financial issues that concerns on the part of transit agencies and financial must be addressed to implement such programs. This institutions, assess customer and financial will be of interest to transit managers, transit implications associated with various approaches, planners, transit financial officers, and other financial monitor emerging developments, and assess the professionals. The desire on the part of both transit potential of increasing the role of the banking agencies and financial institutions to reduce the use industry in transit fare payment and collection. This of cash for payments and improve customer research is intended to provide both transit and convenience has dovetailed with advancements in the financial services professionals (1) an understanding payment technology area to facilitate various types of of the nature of the costs and potential benefits of "multipurpose" media.
    [Show full text]