The Palestinians in Israel
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Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs Between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948
[Intelligence Service (Arab Section)] June 30, 1948 Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948 Contents 1. General introduction. 2. Basic figures on Arab migration 3. National phases of evacuation and migration 4. Causes of Arab migration 5. Arab migration trajectories and absorption issues Annexes 1. Regional reviews analyzing migration issues in each area [Missing from document] 2. Charts of villages evacuated by area, noting the causes for migration and migration trajectories for every village General introduction The purpose of this overview is to attempt to evaluate the intensity of the migration and its various development phases, elucidate the different factors that impacted population movement directly and assess the main migration trajectories. Of course, given the nature of statistical figures in Eretz Yisrael in general, which are, in themselves, deficient, it would be difficult to determine with certainty absolute numbers regarding the migration movement, but it appears that the figures provided herein, even if not certain, are close to the truth. Hence, a margin of error of ten to fifteen percent needs to be taken into account. The figures on the population in the area that lies outside the State of Israel are less accurate, and the margin of error is greater. This review summarizes the situation up until June 1st, 1948 (only in one case – the evacuation of Jenin, does it include a later occurrence). Basic figures on Arab population movement in Eretz Yisrael a. At the time of the UN declaration [resolution] regarding the division of Eretz Yisrael, the following figures applied within the borders of the Hebrew state: 1. -
Israel and Lebanon Sign Agreement at 2 Ceremonies
Page 1 135 of 220 DOCUMENTS The New York Times May 18, 1983, Wednesday, Late City Final Edition ISRAEL AND LEBANON SIGN AGREEMENT AT 2 CEREMONIES BYLINE: By DAVID K. SHIPLER, Special to the New York Times SECTION: Section A; Page 16, Column 1; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 1687 words DATELINE: JERUSALEM, May 17 Israel and Lebanon signed a security agreement today that is intended to lead to the withdrawal of Israeli troops from Lebanon and continuing Israeli involvement in policing the country's southern region. The agreement came nearly a year after Israel invaded Lebanon on June 6, 1982, with the stated goals of helping to install a Government more acceptable to the Israelis, diminishing Syrian influence in Lebanon and ousting guerrillas of the Palestine Liberation Organization from their military bases and political headquarters. In the hope of consolidating these gains, Israel has made its troop withdrawal and the carrying out of the rest of the agreement contingent upon the withdrawal of P.L.O. and Syrian forces from the north and east of Lebanon. The return of all Israelis held as prisoners of war and an accounting of Israelis missing in action are also prerequisites for an Israeli pullout. The agreement will be technically completed upon the exchange of instruments of ratification, a formality said to involve another approval by Israel's Cabinet and Lebanon's Parliament. Officials expect this to take place within a week. But no aspect of the accord is to go into effect until the Israeli withdrawal. Successful but Fragile The agreement, which the United States endorsed as a witness, was a step less than a full peace treaty. -
Men and Boys: Representations of Israeli Combat Soldiers in the Media
Men and Boys Representations of Israeli Combat Soldiers in the Media Zipi Israeli and Elisheva Rosman-Stollman ABstrAct: In this article we examine the representation of combat sol- diers in Israel through their media image. Using two major national Israeli newspapers, we follow the presentation of the Israeli combat soldier over three decades. Our findings indicate that the combat soldier begins as a hegemonic masculine figure in the 1980s, shifts to a more vulnerable, frightened child in the 1990s, and attains a more complex framing in the 2000s. While this most recent representation returns to a hegemonic mas- culine one, it includes additional, ‘softer’ components. We find that the transformation in the image of the Israeli soldier reflects changes within Israeli society in general during the period covered and is also indicative of global changes in masculinity to a certain extent. We conclude by ana- lyzing two possible explanations: the perception of the threat and changes in the perception of masculine identity. Keywords: identity, IDF, Israeli society, masculinity, media image, mili- tary service, representation, soldier The twenty-first century has encouraged the discussion of representations, and the representation of soldiers is no exception. In the present article, we focus on a specific aspect and social context of such a representation: the combat soldier in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). In this study, we explore how the Israeli media framed and constructed the image of the combat sol- dier1 in the IDF over the course of the past three decades (1980s–2000s). In order to examine the changes in the representation of the Israeli soldier, we concentrate on events of a clear combat nature that involve the presence of a defined external enemy. -
Survey of Palestinian Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons 2004 - 2005
Survey of Palestinian Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons 2004 - 2005 BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency & Refugee Rights i BADIL is a member of the Global Palestine Right of Return Coalition Preface The Survey of Palestinian Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons is published annually by BADIL Resource Center. The Survey provides an overview of one of the largest and longest-standing unresolved refugee and displaced populations in the world today. It is estimated that two out of every five of today’s refugees are Palestinian. The Survey has several objectives: (1) It aims to provide basic information about Palestinian displacement – i.e., the circumstances of displacement, the size and characteristics of the refugee and displaced population, as well as the living conditions of Palestinian refugees and internally displaced persons; (2) It aims to clarify the framework governing protection and assistance for this displaced population; and (3) It sets out the basic principles for crafting durable solutions for Palestinian refugees and internally displaced persons, consistent with international law, relevant United Nations Resolutions and best practice. In short, the Survey endeavors to address the lack of information or misinformation about Palestinian refugees and internally displaced persons, and to counter political arguments that suggest that the issue of Palestinian refugees and internally displaced persons can be resolved outside the realm of international law and practice applicable to all other refugee and displaced populations. The Survey examines the status of Palestinian refugees and internally displaced persons on a thematic basis. Chapter One provides a short historical background to the root causes of Palestinian mass displacement. -
Stifling Surveillance: Palestinians: Its Goal Has Always Been to Drive Them Out
Israel has never intended to control the Stifling Surveillance: Palestinians: Its goal has always been to drive them out. However, during Israel’s Surveillance the Mandate era, as part of their effort and Control of the to disorganize the Palestinian society, Zionist organizations established various Palestinians during the surveillance bodies to examine and monitor Military Government Era various aspects of Palestinian society. These related to the demographic, religious, Ahmad H. Sa’di tribal, and hamula (extended family or clan) composition of the Palestinians, their spatial distribution, political behaviors, and military capabilities, as well as their resources, chiefly lands and water sources. These activities were part of an all-inclusive effort to establish a Jewish state against the will of the indigenous Arab population. Yet, when the 1948 war ended, Israel leaders found that, contrary to their expectations, a number of Palestinian communities, primarily in the Galilee, had eluded the ethnic cleansing conducted by Jewish forces. The incomplete character of the expulsion of the Palestinians subsequently became subject of much speculation and distortion.1 However, internal discussions among Israeli leaders indicate that the continued presence of these Palestinians within the state of Israel was unintentional and undesired.2 Although a system of political control which relied on the British Defense (Emergency) Regulations was imposed on the Palestinians and a military government to rule them was established already during the war, in addition to various ad hoc practices of surveillance, driving the Palestinians out continued to be Israel’s main objective.3 Although expulsion remained Israel’s favored goal – and various schemes to effect it were contrived during the 1950s and 1960s4 – as early as 1951 Israeli leaders [ 36 ] Stifling Surveillance began realizing that these Palestinians might stay longer than expected. -
Palestine About the Author
PALESTINE ABOUT THE AUTHOR Professor Nur Masalha is a Palestinian historian and a member of the Centre for Palestine Studies, SOAS, University of London. He is also editor of the Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies. His books include Expulsion of the Palestinians (1992); A Land Without a People (1997); The Politics of Denial (2003); The Bible and Zionism (Zed 2007) and The Pales- tine Nakba (Zed 2012). PALESTINE A FOUR THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY NUR MASALHA Palestine: A Four Thousand Year History was first published in 2018 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, UK. www.zedbooks.net Copyright © Nur Masalha 2018. The right of Nur Masalha to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro by seagulls.net Index by Nur Masalha Cover design © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑272‑7 hb ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑274‑1 pdf ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑275‑8 epub ISBN 978‑1‑78699‑276‑5 mobi CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 1. The Philistines and Philistia as a distinct geo‑political entity: 55 Late Bronze Age to 500 BC 2. The conception of Palestine in Classical Antiquity and 71 during the Hellenistic Empires (500‒135 BC) 3. -
From Deficits and Dependence to Balanced Budgets and Independence
From Deficits and Dependence to Balanced Budgets and Independence The Arab Local Authorities’ Revenue Sources Michal Belikoff and Safa Agbaria Edited by Shirley Racah Jerusalem – Haifa – Nazareth April 2014 From Deficits and Dependence to Balanced Budgets and Independence The Arab Local Authorities’ Revenue Sources Michal Belikoff and Safa Agbaria Edited by Shirley Racah Jerusalem – Haifa – Nazareth April 2014 From Deficits and Dependence to Balanced Budgets and Independence The Arab Local Authorities’ Revenue Sources Research and writing: Michal Belikoff and Safa Ali Agbaria Editing: Shirley Racah Steering committee: Samah Elkhatib-Ayoub, Ron Gerlitz, Azar Dakwar, Mohammed Khaliliye, Abed Kanaaneh, Jabir Asaqla, Ghaida Rinawie Zoabi, and Shirley Racah Critical review and assistance with research and writing: Ron Gerlitz and Shirley Racah Academic advisor: Dr. Nahum Ben-Elia Co-directors of Sikkuy’s Equality Policy Department: Abed Kanaaneh and Shirley Racah Project director for Injaz: Mohammed Khaliliye Hebrew language editing: Naomi Glick-Ozrad Production: Michal Belikoff English: IBRT Jerusalem Graphic design: Michal Schreiber Printed by: Defus Tira This pamphlet has also been published in Arabic and Hebrew and is available online at www.sikkuy.org.il and http://injaz.org.il Published with the generous assistance of: The European Union This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Sikkuy and Injaz and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The Moriah Fund UJA-Federation of New York The Jewish Federations of North America Social Venture Fund for Jewish-Arab Equality and Shared Society The Alan B. -
IATF Fact Sheet: Religion
1 FACT SHEET iataskforce.org Topic: Religion – Druze Updated: June 2014 The Druze community in Israel consists of Arabic speakers from an 11th Century off-shoot of Ismaili Shiite theology. The religion is considered heretical by orthodox Islam.2 Members of the Druze community predominantly reside in mountainous areas in Israel, Lebanon, and Syria.3 At the end of 2011, the Druze population in Israel numbered 133,000 inhabitants and constituted 8.0% of the Arab and Druze population, or 1.7%of the total population in Israel.4 The Druze population resides in 19 localities located in the Northern District (81% of the Druze population, excluding the Golan Heights) and Haifa District (19%). There are seven localities which are exclusively Druze: Yanuh-Jat, Sajur, Beit Jann, Majdal Shams, Buq’ata, Mas'ade, and Julis.5 In eight other localities, Druze constitute an overwhelming majority of more than 75% of the population: Yarka, Ein al-Assad, Ein Qiniyye, Daliyat al-Karmel, Hurfeish, Kisra-Samia, Peki’in and Isfiya. In the village of Maghar, Druze constitute an almost 60% majority. Finally, in three localities, Druze account for less than a third of the population: Rama, Abu Snan and Shfar'am.6 The Druze in Israel were officially recognized in 1957 by the government as a distinct ethnic group and an autonomous religious community, independent of Muslim religious courts. They have their own religious courts, with jurisdiction in matters of personal status and spiritual leadership, headed by Sheikh Muwaffak Tarif. 1 Compiled by Prof. Elie Rekhess, Associate Director, Crown Center for Jewish and Israel Studies, Northwestern University 2 Naim Araidi, The Druze in Israel, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, December 22, 2002, http://www.mfa.gov.il; Gabriel Ben Dor, “The Druze Minority in Israel in the mid-1990s”, Jerusalem Letters, 315, June 1, 1995, JerusalemCenter for Public Affairs. -
Israel 54360. Young State
-, .. ,:i -,~ , . , _ It. ,_ th. ",0{(' i . I , -, - . , " , " .' " TIllttsday, A'Ugust,24, 1900'· SEP 1ra50 THE JEWISH POST .. - ", - -.' ' -". ,- ~.' '. - nGurion/s New Stand On. Gal '~th S, . J.Dniche . 'as diScussion . Rabbi •Arthur' Chiel' "leader. -,'. " , . ' . Room and Board Room and Board Wanted 'f!;~~~!o~~n:uTt:~!~ !:. ~e:!! At North' End Schute" Mrs. 0:. P. potlieb will pre~de Room' and bOard in nice home. Home w~nted' for. young man tric stove.. Suitable. for couple, 222 Holiday ServiCe • . at' ,,:'the' luncheon' .sessioll7'- and "-Mr. OnSunday/sWestern Zoc Student preferred. Apply 321' Magnus entering .first year university, Will Pritchard Ave.· .. ..' .' Green' at the dinner.' .' .' .'. avenue .. Phone 590005. be. in Winnipeg first week. in Sept, . RabbiSch)V8rlz has recently re • to make arrangements. ,Write to Room for .,Rent turned'from Isr.ael.and it is expecte<i Ben 'Gurion's recent his... Suite to Share Mrs, H, A. Breslaw, Dauphin, Man. Room for rent,· with or '1;~~;1 that he' willgiv'e·8 ¢Otnprehensive ipcllic,y statement on the rela ! Young man under thirty wanted . -_.... board. Suitable f{)rstudent. report of"the . problems facmg tli.e "·world Jewry "-'.to Israel 54360._ young state. ~: I to share 4-room furnished apart- .Suite for R~t-2 Students last week, Will' be aired , '. I :went in central location. Reasonable Private suite for rent, suitable for SIGMA ALPHA:-·l.mJ-'--~i. for the first time by Zionist II rent. Box 163. two students. Exceptionally come '. (Cont; from page 1) .' Canada when ZOC Na 1/ of the Mid dustiee Batshaw 11 Furnished Room for Rent :;fo:;.rta.::::;b:;:;le;.:h::;;om::::;;e;;.;.;,Ph:.::o~n:::e.:58:::.::034::;;.' .... -
Livney Volunteer from the USA on the “Exodus 1947”
1 Avi (Lifshitz) Livney Volunteer from the USA on the “Exodus 1947” This is the Way it Was Born April 26 1927 in New York City, USA. Served in the Hospital Corps, US Navy, 1945-46. Served in the Mosad for Aliya Bet from January 1947 to 1948. Joined the President Warfield (“Exodus 1947”) in Baltimore in January as ship’s purser/ pharmacist. Two weeks later, in a ceremony on the ship’s deck, the entire crew was sworn in to the Hagana by Yaakov Dori (Dostrovsky). Six months later we were in a night-time naval engagement against six British destroyers and a light cruiser. I was stunned by the sight of British marines actually gassing and clubbing unarmed men, women and children, the remnant of our people, whose only crime was that they were trying to go home. I could only think that the people doing the gassing and clubbing (and killing) were the same people that I had so greatly admired during England’s dark days of the early 1940’s. What had happened to the fair play learned on the playing fields of Eton? After our return to Port de Bouc from Palestine, I was instructed to get off the “Ocean Vigour” (one of the three British prison ships), and joined the “Pan York” (Kibbutz Galuyot) in Marseilles. Sailed to Safi, Morocco and up to Brest, where we were told of the sabotage bombing of the “Pan Crescent” (Atzmaut) in Venice. Three of us were sent there by way of Paris, Marseilles and crossed into Italy by rowboat in the middle of the night, from Monte Carlo to Ventimiglia, and traveled on to Milan. -
High Schools
15 • Annual Report 2001 High Schools Harishonim, Herzlia Hayovel, Herzliya 16 • Annual Report 2001 17 • Annual Report 2001 Harishonim Harishonim High School, Herzliya Peace Network — Youth, the Internet, and Coexistence Ora Shnabel Young people, the future leaders and world citizens, can make a difference. In this project , they use the Internet to break down barriers between different cultures, and pave the way to coexistence. Peace Network is an educational project, which combines the use of the Internet with conflict resolution strategies. Students School. Last year two Junior High The vision is to spread the net begin their relationship by Schools, a Jewish and a Druze, and build a chain of schools for exchanging letters of introduction; from Herzliya and Abu-Snan peace and democracy in the they proceed with intercultural started to cooperate. They are Middle East. By getting acquainted surveys on topics like manners and continuing the project this year. with other cultures, barriers and politeness, the generation gap, The Druze school won a special prejudices will disappear, and by body-language and non-verbal prize from the Israeli Teachers’ learning conflict resolution communication. They meet face to Organization for participating in the strategies students will be able to face, study the same literary pieces project. By doing so they promote resolve conflicts in a creative way. with a message of tolerance, cooperation and coexistence. discuss topical matters, learn The website, which will appear in conflict resolution strategies and at Students active in the project also English, Hebrew and Arabic, will the end of the process, hold an participate once a year in The reflect the work done in the field, Internet relay chat on a real International Middle Eastern and will be so sophisticated and conflict, trying to come up with United Nations Conference, creative that politicians will visit creative solutions. -
Israel's Unilateral Withdrawals from Lebanon and the Gaza Strip
Israel’s Unilateral Withdrawals from Lebanon and the Gaza Strip: A Comparative Overview Reuven Erlich Introduction In the last decade, Israel unilaterally withdrew from two areas: the security zone in southern Lebanon and the Gaza Strip. Israel had previously withdrawn unilaterally from occupied territories without political agreements, but these two withdrawals were more significant and traumatic, both socially and politically, than any prior withdrawal. The time that has passed since these unilateral withdrawals affords us some historical perspective and allows us to compare them in terms of their outcomes and the processes they generated, both positive and negative. This perspective allows us to study the larger picture and trace influences that in the heat of the dramatic events were difficult to discern and assess. When looking at Lebanon and Israel’s policies there, my approach is not purely academic or that of an historian who wrote a doctoral thesis on Israeli-Lebanese relations. I participated in some of the events in Lebanon, not as a decision maker but as a professional, whether in the course of my service in Israeli Military Intelligence, both in Tel Aviv and in the Northern Command, or in my position with the Ministry of Defense, as deputy to Uri Lubrani, Coordinator of Government Activities in Lebanon. My perspective today on Lebanon and the Gaza Col. (ret.) Dr. Reuven Erlich is Head of the Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Israel Intelligence Heritage and Commemoration Center (IICC). This essay is based on a lecture delivered at the conference “The Withdrawal from Lebanon: Ten Years Later,” which took place at the Institute for National Security Studies on June 28, 2010.