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Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Southern Ecuadorian Andes

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Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Southern Ecuadorian Andes The Auk 116(4):882-890, 1999 A NEW SPECIESOF ANTPITTA (FORMICARIIDAE: GRALLARIA) FROM THE SOUTHERN ECUADORIAN ANDES NIELS KRABBE,TM D. J. AGRO,3 N.H. RICE,4'7 M. JACOME,2 L. NAVARRETE,5 AND E SORNOZA M? •ZoologicalMuseum, University of Copenhagen,Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100,Denmark; 2MuseoEcuatoriano de CienciasNaturales, Casilla 17-7-8976, Quito, Ecuador; 3Bird Studies Canada, P.O. Box 160, Port Rowan, Ontario NOE 1MO, Canada; 4Departmentof Systematicsand Ecology and Museum of NaturalHistory, University of Kansas, Lawrence,Kansas 66045, USA; and sCooperativaSanta Marta 1, JuanLeon Mera, SantaDomingo de losColorados, Ecuador ABSTRACT.--Wedescribe a strikingnew speciesof Grailariaantpitta from wet, upper sub- tropicalforest in the upperRio Chinchipedrainage, provincia Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador Noteson its naturalhistory and molecularsystematics are presentedalong with spectro- gramsof its voice.The speciesis readilydiagnosed by its largesize, unique white facial markings,and voice.Initial resultsfrom DNA sequenceanalyses place the new species in a well-supportedclade that includesGrailaria nuchalis (which is syntopicwith the new spe- cies),G. hypoleuca,G. watkinsi,and G. ruficapilla.Received 23 September1998, accepted 22 April 1999. RESUMEN.--Unasorprendente nueva especie del g6neroGrailaria (Aves: Formicariidae) es descritade un bosquehfimedo de la zona subtropicalalta del drenajedel Rio Chinchipe, provinciaZamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador Se presentan notas acerca de su historianatural y sistemfiticamolecular, en conjuntocon espectrogramas de susvocalizaciones. La nuevaes- peciese diferencia claramente por su gran tamafio,sus marcas faciales blancas, y su peculiar voz. Anfilisisiniciales de sequenciasdel ADN colocana la nuevaespecie en un cladoque incluyea Grailarianuchalis (que es sint6picacon la nuevaespecie), G. hypoleuca,G. watkinsi, y G. ruficapilla. FIELDWORK IN SOUTHAMERICA during the speciesof antpitta with strikingly distinct past25 yearshas resultedin the discoveryof plumagecharacteristics was discoveredon 20 many birds new to science(Mayr and Vuilleu- November 1997 by R. S. Ridgely, J. and R. mier 1983, Vuilleumier and Mayr 1987). New Moore, L. Navarrete, and M. Rivadeneira dur- generahave been describedfor somespecies ing a trip to recordvocalizations of Ecuadorian (e.g. Xenoglauxloweryi, O'Neill and Graves birds. Ridgely,the Moores,and Navarretere- 1977;Acrobatornis fonsecai, Pacheco et al. 1996; turned on 21 November 1997 to record and Nephelornisoneilli, Lowery and Tallman 1976), photographthe bird, and M. Jicome,Navarre- and the known rangesof other generahave te, X. Mufioz, and F. Sornoza M. visited the site been greatly extendedby other new species on 27 to 29 December 1997 and collected the (e.g.Nannopsittaca dachilleae, O'Neill et al. 1991; first specimen.A team from the Academyof Clytoctantesatrogularis, Lanyon et al. 1990). Natural Sciencesof Philadelphia(ANSP), the Mostdiscoveries, however, have been of species Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales with obviousrelatives and which fit logically (MECN), the ZoologicalMuseum of the Uni- into broaderinterpretations of their respective versityof Copenhagen(ZMUC), and others(D. group'shistorical biogeography. J. Agro, A.D. Brewer,N. Krabbe,L. Navarrete, Therefore,it cameas a surprisethat a new R. S. Ridgely,N. Simpson,E SornozaM., and D. L. Wechsler)retumed to the original site be- 6Address correspondence to this authorat Museo tween 13 and 22 January1998 to assesspopu- Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Casilla 17-7- lation size and habitatrequirements and to ob- 8976,Quito, Ecuador.E-mail: [email protected] tain further specimensand photographsof the 7Present address: Academy of Natural Sciencesof bird. Sornoza and Jicome obtained an addi- Philadelphia,1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Phil- tional specimenduring a visit to nearby Cerro adelphia,Pennsylvania 19103, USA. Toledo from 16 to 31 March 1998. 882 October1999] NewAntpitta from Ecuador 883 FIG.1. Headof Grailariaridgelyi showing black and white pattern. Inset is magnificationof cheekfeather. Drawing by S. Trammell. Five specimensof the new bird were collect- arablefrom known antpittasby white cheek ed and comparedwith specimensof otherfor- patch of rigid loose-barbedfeathers with micariids.They clearlyrepresent a new taxon glossyshafts extending from the subocular and that we proposeto name: posteriorpart of the lower loresto the baseof the bill (seeFig. 1). Thewhite cheekpatch con- Grailaria ridgelyi sp. nov. trastssharply with theblack cap, bill malarre- JocotocoAntpitta gion, and anteriorauricular feathers. The new speciesdiffers from all other Grailariain lack- Holotype.--MECNNo. 7199,adult male (skull ing true rictalbristles. The throatfeathers are ossified,no bursa of Fabricius),collected 28 De- white, stiff, and loose-barbed, as in the Ochre- cember1997 by E SornozaM. (FS 1922)in Que- stripedAntpitta (G. dignissima),but are denser, bradaHonda, provincia Zamora-Chinchipe, Ec- shorter,and with more recurvedtips, as in uador (04ø29'S, 79ø08'W; elevation 2,520 m). Chestnut-napedAntpitta (G. nuchalis).The Vocalrecordings are archived at theLibrary of gray of the underpartsis interspersedwith Natural Sounds(LNS 79055).A blood sample white in a pattern resemblingpale-bellied (FS-1-28.12.97)is depositedat the Institutefor membersof the G. hypoleucaallospecies group. PopulationEcology, Copenhagen University The bill is shapedmost like that of G. nuchalis (IPE); tissue samplesare deposited as ANSP and the Pale-billedAntpitta (G. carrikeri) but is 8701. proportionatelydeeper at the baseand with a Diagnosis.--Alarge antpitta (body mass150 straighterculmen. Tarsi and toesproportion- to 200 g) assignableto the genusGrailaria. Sep- atelylarger than in otherantpittas and aslarge 884 KRABBEET AL. [Auk, Vol. 116 as in Giant Antpitta (G. gigantea).Tarsal scutes brown, and the tarsi and toes are blue-gray. few and distinctlyridged with toesand claws The stomach contained a few insect remains, shortand sturdy,resembling G. nuchalis. and someof the remiges,rectrices, and body Descriptionof holotype.--Crown,a 1 to 2-mm featherswere being replaced. wide featheredocular ring, broadmalars, and Measurementsof holotype.--Unflattenedwing anteriorauriculars connecting with malarsJet chord130 mm, flattenedwing chord138 mm, Black (capitalized color names and numbers tail 59.6 mm, bill from anterioredge of nostril follow Smithe1975). A large and distinctfan- 19.3 mm, bill from skull 33.5 mm, gonys18.8 shaped patch of rigid, loose-barbedwhite mm, tarsus67.1 mm, body mass176 g (light featherswith glossyshafts in theloral and sub- fat), testes12 x 3 min. ocularregion (seeFig. 1). Thesefeathers are Designationof paratypes.--Adultmale: ANSP longerand denserthan in congenersand cover 187810(skin); Natural History Museumat Uni- the base of the bill and most of the malar re- versityof Kansas(KU) 89207(trunk alcoholic gion. Rictal bristleslacking, but a few of the specimen);ANSP 8706 (tissue);KU 2214 (tissue white loral feathershave elongated bare shafts,' subsampleand genomicextract); LNS 79054 formingbristle-like extensions. Poorly defined (voice). Adult male: MECN 7284 (skin); IPE postocularstreak, posterior part of auriculars, FS1-31.3.98(blood). Adult female:MECN 7198 andsides of neckLight Neutral Gray (85). Nape (skin); ANSP 8704 (tissue). Adult female: black but suffused with color of back, which is ANSP 187811(skin with all bonesexcept those closestto BrownishOlive (129),but moregold- of right tarsometatarsusand foot removed;i.e. en.Upper mantle with blackwash that decreas- a "schmoo");KU 89206(skeleton); ANSP 8731 es posteriorly.All back featherswith blackish (tissue);KU 2215 (tissuesubsample and geno- shafts.Tail, composedof 12 rectrices,between mic extract);IPE NK1-21.1.98 (blood). Raw Umber (223)and Mars Brown(223A). The MECN 7284 was taken on the east slope of three innermost secondaries and outer webs of CerroToledo (2,680 m) 6 km northof the type the nineother secondaries slightly lighter than locality,just within PodocarpusNational Park, Chestnut(32). The distalhalf of the outerwebs on 31 March 1998.The remainingthree para- of the 10 primaries are Ground Cinnamon typeswere taken near the type localityin Jan- (239),the innerwebs of the remigesare black- uary 1998 at 2,550 m. ish, and the underwing primary covertsare Variationin typeseries.--Males average larger mostlyblack. Upperwing coverts Brownish Ol- than females,although the sexesoverlap in ive with 2-mm wide blackish shaft streaks and measurementsof mostcharacters (Table 1). The Chestnutedges and tips thatare bordered by a belly is white in two malesand white lightly 1-mm wide blackish band. Alula Brownish Ol- suffusedwith LightNeutral Gray in thetwo fe- ive like back,outer webs nearly uniform. Breast males and the third male (MECN 7284). The White with light suffusionof Light Neutral amount of buff on the crissum is variable and Gray. Throat white, featherswith fairly stiff, is strongestin two of the males,fainter in the glossy,elongated and recurvedshafts that on other male (ANSP 187810) and one female some chin feathersare faintly dark-tipped. (ANSP 187811),and absentin the otherfemale. Feathersof upper breastwith faint, blackish, The faintbars on theupper breast are most dis- about l-ram wide terminal suffusions. Crissum tinctiveon the holotypeand MECN 7284.The and extreme lower belly washed with Pale amount of black suffusion on the mantle is least PinkishBuff (121D). Sidesof breastBrownish extensivein the holotype.Noticeable variation Olive.Sides and flanksLight
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