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Index

Aborigines, 7, 148 Non Military Employment, 134 Allen, James, 20, 37, 53, 66, 75, 81, understrength battalions 1918, 111 92, 124 Australian Labor Party, 107, 112, Anderson, Robert McCheyne, 59, 83, 166 104, 124 split 1916, 76, 93 Andrews, Eric, 159 split 1931, 146 Anzac Day, 132 See also National Labor Party appeasement, 163 Australian Naval and Military Army Council (UK), 19, 46, 61, 66, Expeditionary Force, 49 73 Australian Soldiers’ Repatriation Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis, 66 Fund, 78 Audit Ofﬁce, 43, 60, 97, 100 Australia, HMAS, 36, 140, 160 Balfour, Arthur, 141 Australia as part of British Empire, 2, Balkan War, 1912, 36 21, 31, 32, 35, 62, 104, 138, 145, Batchelor, Egerton, 30 155, 163, 165 Bean, Charles, 47, 61, 120 Australian Army assessment of Pearce, 126 post-1918, 137, 151, 158 Beaverbrook, Lord, 108 pre-1914, 14, 29, 33 Bennett, Richard, 162 regular infantry, 160, 163 Birdwood, William, 61, 65, 66, 81, Singapore Strategy, 151 89, 104, 106, 119, 120, 122, 130 See also Australian Imperial Force assessment of Pearce, 111 Australian Flying Corps, see Royal Borden, Frederick, 34 Australian Air Force Borden, Robert, 39, 60, 66, 86, 108, Australian Imperial Force, 47, 52, 61, 126, 140, 160 72, 153 Bridges, William Throsby, 19, 20, 47, 1st Australian General Hospital, 75 61, 62 6th Division, 81, 103 British Army, 2, 27, 29, 33 administration admired by Canada, See also Australia as part of British 86 Empire ‘Anzac leave’ 1918, 119 British Navy, 21, 32, 38, 47, 151 Australian Corps, 120 See also Australia as part of British casualties 88, 103, 107 Empire command issues, 64, 74, 81, 82, Brodeur, Louis, 33 105, 120 Bruce, Stanley Melbourne, 145, 148, death penalty, 106 168 expansion compared to CEF and Bruche, Julius, 163 NZEF, 81, 103 Business Board of Administration, GOC AIF, 61, 65, 120 113, 117, 146, 167, 168 Imperial Mounted Division, 103 Byng, Julian, 82

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00950-9 - Anzac and Empire: George Foster Pearce and the Foundations of Australian Defence John Connor Index More information

INDEX 231

Canada compared to New Zealand, 126 First World War corruption, 60 compared to Second World War Canadian defence policy, 27, 33, 37, Defence administration, 117 39, 66, 70, 84, 130, 138, 162 corruption, 58, 97 See also Repatriation, post-First defence factories, 41, 69, 158 World War expeditionary force planning Canadian Expeditionary Force, 60, 66 post-1932, 153, 157, 163 5th Division, 81, 103 expeditionary force planning Carpenter to Cabinet, see Pearce, pre-1914, 34, 35, 37 George Foster financial arrangement with UK, Chauvel, Harry, 64, 103, 120, 151 First World War, 84 Chifley, Ben, 167 financial mismanagement, 43, 60, Churchill, Winston, 39, 134, 135 99 Cobbe, John, 162 German postwar payment, 135 Collier, Philip, 148 inter-service rivalry, 151 Collins, James, 99, 116 minister’s role in administration, Collins, Muirhead, 21, 30, 66 17, 68, 79, 100, 118, 153 Commonwealth Military Forces, see Munitions Committee, 71 Australian Army naming defence offices after Pearce, Commonwealth Naval Forces, see 168 Royal Australian Navy Navy Department formed, 69 compulsory military training, 21, 24, public servants, 18, 100 28, 138, 168 rearmament, 146, 155, 163 in rest of British Empire, 27 Royal Commission, 97, 101, 117, opposition to, 38, 152 124 conscription, First World War, 86 scandals, 75, 83, 100, 124 in rest of British Empire, 2, 88, 93, Defence Department Royal 108, 110 Commission, 97, 101, 117, 124 opposition, 87, 90, 109 Denman, Lord, 36 reasons for referendum defeat, 91 Director of Naval and Military Audit, referendum 1916, 90, 91 60 referendum 1917, 110 Dreadnought crisis, 23 soldiers’ vote 1917, 108 Duntroon, see Royal Military College, support, 87, 108, 109 Duntroon See also compulsory military training Egypt (1919), 139 Cook, Joseph, 23, 46, 96, 99, 107, elections 136, 139, 146 1901, 9 Council of Defence, 79, 118 1906, 16 Country Party, 146 1910, 25 Creswell, William, 19, 21, 30, 49 1913, 46 Curtin, John, 39, 167 1914, 45 1917, 107 Dardanelles Commission, 66 1919, 136 Dawson, Anderson, 14 1922, 146 Day, David, 2 1928, 147 Deakin, Alfred, 10, 15, 21, 23 1929, 147 Defence Department 1931, 146 arsenal proposal, 71 1937, 165 compared to Britain, 18, 126 Emden,SMS,47, 48 compared to Canada, 18, 126 Ewing, Thomas, 19

232 INDEX

expeditionary force Hutton, Edward, 15 post-1932 planning, 153, 157, 163 Hyde, George, 156 pre-1914 planning, 34, 35 External Affairs Department, 165 Imperial Conferences 1909, 24 Fetherston, Richard, 75 1911, 30, 34, 38 First World War, 45 1923, 149 convoy departures (1914), 48 Imperial Mounted Division, 103 German offensive (1918), 112 Imperial Munitions Board (Canada), See also Australian Imperial Force; 70 Gallipoli campaign; New Guinea, India German; Mont St Quentin; Royal Indian Expeditionary Force, 47 Australian Navy; Villers- munitions, First World War, 72 Bretonneux pre-1914 expeditionary force Fisher, Andrew, 16, 30, 36, 39, 48, planning, 37 53, 58, 82 Iraq, see Mesopotamia Fisher, Lord, on Australia, 29 Irving, G.G.H., 83 Forbes, G.W., 162 Forrest, John, 98 Japan, 13, 47, 49, 53, 89, 139, 142, 149, 153 Gallipoli campaign, 61, 66 Jaures,` Jean, 30 Gardiner, Albert, 38, 93, 113 Jellicoe, Lord, 139 German East Asiatic Squadron, 47 Jensen, Jens, 46, 69, 126 See also Emden,SMS Jensen, John, 118 Givens, Henry, 76 assessment of Pearce, 4, 41 Glynn, Patrick McMahon, 74, 105 Jerger, Charles, 106 Godley, Alexander, 20, 36, 65, 84, 106, 120 Kemp, Edward, 60, 132 Gordon, Joseph Maria, 36 kilts, 35, 157 Grey, Edward, 33 Kirkpatrick, George, 27, 35, 36, 37 Grifﬁths, Thomas, 84, 132 Kitchener, Lord, 24, 26, 60, 65

Haig, Douglas, 120, 122 Laing, James, 60 Hamilton, Ian, 65 Lavarack, John, 151, 163 Hankey, Maurice, 141, 145, 155, Legge, Gordon, 21, 26, 42, 49, 64 163 Lithgow small arms factory, 20, 69, assessment of Pearce, 140 159 Harding, Warren G., 139, 141 Liverpool, Lord, 48, 75 Heitmann, E.E., 132 Lloyd George, David, 72, 139 Henderson, G.F.R., 19 Long, Walter, 107 Henderson, Reginald, 29 Heydon, Peter, 3 MacDonald, Ramsay, 30, 145 Howell-Price, Davis, 96 Maclay, Joseph, 132 Howse, Neville, 74 Mahon, Hugh, 50 Hughes, Charles E., 140 Mannix, Daniel, 108 Hughes, Sam, 20, 28, 60, 66, 81, 82, assessment of Pearce, 113 86, 124 Massey, William, 48, 53 Hughes, William Morris, 3, 58, 75, Massy-Greene, Walter, 143 76, 84, 96, 106, 107, 120, 121, McCay, James Whiteside, 64, 82, 84, 138, 146 121 assessment of Pearce, 119 McKay, B.T., 70

INDEX 233

Meaney, Neville, 21, 31 AIF administration issues, 86 Menzies, Robert, 167, 168 AIF command issues, 60, 82, 105, Mesopotamia, 1919, 138 120 Military Board, 19 AIF death penalty, 107 Millen, Edward, 34, 40, 46, 94, 96, AIF expansion, 101 132, 139 AIF repatriation, 78, 131 Milner, Lord, 132 aircraft, 42, 136, 158, 159 ministerial responsibility, 118 alcohol, 6, 28 Moffat, Jay Pierrepont, 164 Anzac Day, 61, 132 Monash, John, 2, 64, 105, 120, 132 appeasement, 163 Mont St Quentin, 110, 129 arsenal proposal, 71 Moore, Newton, 84 asks British for advice (1932–34), Mordike, John, 34 155 Morocco crisis, 1911, 35 Australian national identity, 35, 47, munitions, 134, 159, 162 61 First World War, 69, 72 battleship proposal, 159, 163 Munitions and Supplies Department and Birdwood, 82, 122 (New Zealand), 69 and Bridges, 19, 47, 62 Munro-Ferguson, Ronald, 48, 52, 65, in Britain, 34, 136 91, 107, 139 and Bruce, 148 assessment of Pearce, 75, 113 Business Board of Administration Murdoch, Keith, 66, 68, 108, 120 Second World War, 167 Murray, Archibald, 81, 103 Carpenter to Cabinet, 2, 166, 168 Murray, Hubert, 50 censorship, 49, 66, 88, 90, 108 and Churchill, 40 National Labor Party, 9, 25, 37, 96 compulsory military training, 6, 22, Nationalist Party, 96, 107 138, 152, 168 Naval Board, 19, 30 conscription, 86, 92, 110 Navy Department, 69 defence council proposal, 79, New Guinea, German, 35, 49 118 See also Rabaul caning defence ideas, 15, 17, 29, 31, 33, New Zealand defence policy, 27, 32, 34, 36, 53, 73, 137, 138, 141, 35, 37, 53, 69, 72, 124, 130, 138, 146, 153 162 described by others, 3, 4, 17, 20, New Zealand Expeditionary Force, 47 24, 27, 28, 38, 44, 70, 80, 86, 4th Brigade, 81 101, 113, 126, 131, 136, 140, Newfoundland defence policy, 27 165, 166, 167 North Australia Act, 148 early life, 6 North-West Paciﬁc Islands, 50 External Affairs, 165 federation, 9, 136, 155 Orchard, Richard, 118 and Fisher, 58 Overseas Military Forces of Canada in France, 30, 129, 136 Ministry, 66, 86, 126, 132 free trade, 11 in Germany, 25 Page, Earle, 146 health, 27, 68, 75, 86, 131 Parkhill, Archdale, 159, 161, 165 Home & Territories, 149 Pearce, Dorothy, 30, 168 honesty, 126 Pearce, Eliza, 7, 30, 42, 141, 167 and Hughes, 58, 111, 119, 147 Pearce, George Foster internment, 105 acting PM, 77, 86 Japan, 13, 25, 32, 142, 164 AIF, 65, 66 Labor ‘rat’, 76, 166

234 INDEX

Pearce, George Foster (cont.) Pearce, Lloyd George, 30, 166, 168 labour ideas, 11, 22, 28, 78, 90, Pearce, Marjorie, 30, 168 101 Pearce, Phillip, 30, 168 leaves Defence (1921), 142 Perry, Roland, 2 leaves Defence (1934), 161 Pethebridge, Samuel, 19, 30, 50 lies about German threat, 95 loses Senate seat, 1937, 166 Quiet Decision, see Heydon, Peter loyalty, 3, 76, 113, 147 Millions Club speech, 1933, 145 Rabaul caning, 51 mistakes as minister, 38, 43, 52, Ramaciotti, Gustave, 101 69, 80, 91, 118, 159 Reeve, John, 150 and Monash, 121 repatriation, post-First World War, munitions, 69 78, 134 and Munro-Ferguson, 78 electoral importance of, 131 Nationalist government formed, in rest of British Empire, 130, 134, 96 136 northern development, 149 Non Military Employment, 136 not critical of Gallipoli, 66 Returned Soldiers Department (South opposes sending troops to Africa), 129 Mesopotamia, 138 rifle, see Ross rifle, Short Magazine poor public speaker, 90 Lee–Enfield rifle reaction to end of First World War, Roberts, Tom, 15, 31 128 Ross rifle, 20 reading, 10, 20 Royal Australian Air Force rearmament, 163 post-1921, 137, 151, 154 regular infantry proposal, 160 pre-1921, 41, 134, 136 religion, 28, 108 Royal Australian Naval College, 39 in Russia, 25 Royal Australian Navy Russo-Japanese War, 13 post-1918, 140, 157 senator, 9, 46, 149 pre-1914, 14, 21, 24, 29, 32, 36, signs peace treaty with Austria, 38 136 Second World War, 39 Singapore Strategy, 150 Royal Commission on Navy and spectator sport, 22, 168 Defence Administration, see state-owned factories, 11, 41, 71, Defence Department Royal 158 Commission submarine proposal, 140 Royal Navy, see British Navy Tenterden farm, 166 Russell, Andrew, 103 unionism, 7, 46, 147 Russo-Japanese War, 1904–05, 13, unwilling to take criticism, 113, 21 116, 123 Ryan, T.J., 109 in USA, 143 visits Western Front battlefields Salmond, John, 139, 158 (1919), 129 Salmond, Robert, 160 Washington naval conference, 144, Sastri, Srinivasa, 140 160 Scott, Ernest Western Australia, 4, 9, 11, 166 assessment of Pearce, 123 White Australia policy, 12 Second World War, 167 workload, 118 Sellheim, Victor, 61, 83 Pearce, James, 6 Senior Officers Conference (1920), Pearce, Jane, 6 138

INDEX 235

Shedden, Frederick, 18, 156, 162, 167 Trumble, Thomas, 5, 83, 104, 117 Sheffield, Gary, 2 Tudor, Frank, 92 Shepherd, Malcolm, 116, 152, 159 Shipping Ministry (UK), 132 United Australia Party, 146, 149 Short Magazine Lee–Enfield rifle, 20 Sinclair-Burgess, William, 162 Villers-Bretonneux, 112 Singapore Strategy, 151 Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment Wallach, Franz, 105 Department (Canada), 130 War Precautions Act, 49, 78, 105 South African defence policy, 27, 124, War Purchasing Commission 129 (Canada), 60 South African War (1899–1902), 12 Ward, Joseph, 32 Special Intelligence Branch, 105 Washington naval conference St Germain, Treaty of, 136 (1921–22), 144 submarines, 141 Western Australia, 4, 30, 45, 91, 148, Sydney, HMAS, 48 156, 165 Symon, Josiah, 38 White, Brudenell, 37, 120 Williams, Richard, 137, 158 Trade Diversion policy, 165 Williams, W.D.C, 73 Tropical Force, 49 Wilson, Henry, 33, 37