Environment INFORMATION FROM KODAK J-300 $10.00 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers Kodak’s health, safety,

and environmental

publications are available

to help you manage your

operations in a safe,

environmentally sound

and cost-effective

manner. This publication

will help amateur

photographers know As a photographer, you have a photographer and charge for your unique sensitivity to the environ- services, you are required by law to how to safely handle ment around you. But, as an comply with certain environmental , you don’t and workplace safety regulations have to worry about the (some of which are covered in this and dispose of environmental and safety publication). As an amateur regulations that apply to photographer, you are not required photographic commercial businesses and by law to follow those regulations professional photographers. but we are providing processing chemicals. But you still need to know how to recommendations on safe handling safely handle and dispose of and waste management practices. photographic processing chemicals. SAFETY AMATEUR OR PROFESSIONAL? Chemicals are safe when handled properly—that’s why it’s important An amateur is someone who to know and understand the engages in an activity as a pastime chemicals you’re working with and rather than a profession. An the appropriate protective measures amateur photographer does not you should use when handling generate (or try to generate) revenue them. from the use of . When you become a professional

©Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 have a fresh-air supply duct to • Handling and Storage: special PERSONAL PROTECTIVE your , set your exhaust personal precautionary measures EQUIPMENT rate slightly higher than the and storage information. supply rate. This produces a slight When working with photographic • and Personal pressure and reduces the Protection: ventilation and what processing chemicals, you should chance of vapors or gases personal protective equipment is wear protective clothing to ensure escaping to an adjoining room. needed, such as gloves, goggles, your safety. Whenever the potential To determine how much exhaust etc. exists for chemicals to get in your per hour is required for your • Physical and Chemical Properties: eyes, wear safety glasses with side darkroom: such as pH, , and odor. shields. When mixing chemicals, • Determine room volume • Stability and Reactivity: wear tight-fitting goggles. Wear (h x l x w) impervious gloves, such as those incompatibility with other •Multiply by 10 chemicals. made with Neoprene or Nitrile, to prevent contact with skin. You • Divide by 60 minutes • Health Information: such as should also wear an apron, or other Most are 10’ h x 10’ l x symptoms of overexposure. protective clothing that is 8’ w which equals 800 cubic • Disposal Information: waste impervious to chemicals, to prevent feet (ft3). Therefore, management options for the chemicals from coming in contact product. with your clothing. Exhaust rate of 3 3 800 ft x 10 133 ft min for OBTAINING MSDSs x 10 = 10 room 60 min/hr VENTILATION changes per hour To get a copy of an MSDS for a Some Kodak photographic Kodak product, see your dealer or processing solutions may release retail store, or call us at vapors or gases that can irritate the MATERIAL SAFETY DATA 1-800-242-2424, ext. 25, or fax us at eyes and respiratory tract and have SHEETS 716-724-9656. Please provide the unpleasant odors. When processing catalog number (CAT No.) of each solutions are warm, they may A Material Safety Data Sheet Kodak product and your address. generate more vapors. In addition, (MSDS) is available for every Kodak Or visit Kodak Environmental temperature affects processing chemical you purchase. The MSDS Services on-line at times. Therefore, it is important that tells you how to use, handle, and www.kodak.com/go/kes. you work with solutions at the store the product safely. The content of MSDSs varies from one product proper temperatures. For your own MANAGING WASTE personal comfort and good health to the next. Among the topics covered are: practices, you should minimize the There are two types of waste—solid • Product Information: identifying concentration of these chemicals by wastes and processing effluent. controlling ventilation. We the name of the product and any other trade names. Most solid wastes are packaging recommend using a room with a materials. The waste produced from • Component Information: source of fresh air for darkroom use. processing photographic films and Here are some ventilation identifying what ingredients are in the product. papers is called photographic guidelines for manual sink-line or effluent; it includes developer, fixer, open tray processing areas: • Hazard Identification: hazardous bleaches, and wash water. There are components in the product and • Supply tempered fresh air to the many different ways to manage safe handling information. darkroom above the processing solid and effluent waste materials. solutions. Position the supply of • First Aid Measures: appropriate fresh air so that it will not affect emergency procedures and other the capture of vapors or gases by information. the exhaust opening. • Fire-Fighting Measures. • Exhaust the room air from the • Precautions to take if a spill processing chemical area to the occurs. outdoors at a minimum rate of 10 room volumes per hour1 If you

1. For 10 x 10 x 10-foot room

2 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 REDUCING WASTE PHOTOGRAPHIC EFFLUENT The best way to help the environment—and yourself—is to Before you can decide how to use photographic processing dispose of photographic processing solutions efficiently. You can chemicals, you need to know what accomplish this by: type of waste disposal system you • Buying only the supplies you have. The type of system you have need. This way, you won’t be and the types of materials you need storing unused photoprocessing to dispose of will determine how chemicals past their you dispose of your waste. There are recommended shelf life and later, two types of waste disposal having to dispose of them. systems—sewer and septic. • Mixing only the amount of photographic processing chemicals you need; this way, you won’t have to dispose of additional materials.

Amateur or Professional?

You are likely a business selling some or all of your work and No Are you an amateur photographer therefore are covered by additional Start who does not sell your work? requirements. See “More Information” at the back of this publication.

Yes

If you process work at a school, Do you have a darkroom at home No studio, or other business, disposal where you process films and responsibility falls on the business papers? owner. See “More Information” at the back of this publication.

Yes

You are likely using a septic system for disposal of wastewater. Certain No Are you using a sewer for disposal of materials should not be sent to the your wastewater? septic system. See “Septic Systems” for more details.

Yes

Most common photographic chemicals may be safely disposed to the sewer. See “Sewer Systems” for more details.

Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 3 and state regulatory limits photographic chemicals can be sent SEWER SYSTEMS established under the Clean Water to the sewer. They include: Act. In order to comply, the local • Developers The majority of wastewater POTW must establish pretreatment generated in our communities •Stop baths guidelines (commonly referred to as travels through the sewer system to • Fixers (after silver recovery) sewer codes) that impact businesses. a Publicly Owned Treatment Works As a domestic user—an amateur • Wash waters (POTW). The POTW is responsible photographer—you are excluded for treating the wastewater that Do NOT send: from these regulations. Most comes through its facility. The water • Selenium toners that leaves the POTW after •Solvents treatment must comply with federal • Other materials that are prohibited, i.e., flammable materials

Your House

City Disposal

Trash Bin

Sewer

POTW

H 2O

4 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 WASTE MANAGEMENT SEPTIC SYSTEMS WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS ALTERNATIVES FOR Septic tank systems are designed SEPTIC SYSTEMS If you are on a sewer system, the best and used for the disposal of way—and the most appropriate—is to domestic waste, primarily in areas Kodak does not recommend the use of dispose of your photographic processing where municipal sewers are septic systems for disposal of effluent through the sewer system. Most unavailable. They operate with photographic processing chemicals photographic processing solutions anaerobic (without oxygen) because the disposal of are biodegradable and are effectively biological action to treat the wastes photographic processing solutions treated when discharged to POTWs. discharged. This also includes leach may affect the proper operation of POTWs that have secondary fields and cesspools. the septic system. Other disposal (biological) wastewater treatment can Septic systems do not have the options are available for septic effectively treat the waste stream ability to properly treat system users, including household through the use of biological action, photographic processing solution waste collection facilities, discharge such as bacteria nutrients and waste. Regulations have been to a nearby municipal treatment aeration, to break down the waste it established by the United States plant, or a licensed hazardous waste receives so that it may be safely Environmental Protection Agency hauler. Table I provides a summary discharged to a body of water. (USEPA) and many states to of waste management options Photographic processing effluent minimize the potential of adversely which are available for Kodak includes developer, fixer, bleach, and affecting sources of underground products. wash water involved in processing drinking water. Although these films and papers. Two key regulations typically do not impact characteristics of photoprocessing domestic users, such as amateur effluent are pH and the concentration photographers, we recommend that of silver. Developer has a high pH you contact your local health and is therefore alkaline or caustic. department to determine whether Fixer has a low pH and is therefore discharging photographic acidic. When fixer and developer are processing effluents into your septic combined as the total process system is appropriate for your effluent, the effluent is neutralized, location. resulting in a better compatibility Table I. General Guidelines with drain pipes and treatment at the Sewer POTW. Other System Another key characteristic of Alternatives photoprocessing effluent is the silver Options concentration found in photographic KODAK Products Household Discharge Discharge KODAK fixer or bleach-fix effluent. Although Hazardous Trash to Sewer to nearby RELAY Waste Disposal the form of silver (silver thiosulfate) (POTW) POTW Program found in photographic processing Collection effluent is not harmful and is Developer ✓✓ ✓✓— removed during secondary treatment unused/used at the POTW, it is a good practice to Fixer/Bleach-Fix recover silver before discharging the unused ✓✓ ✓✓— effluent. See page 6 for information ✓* ✓✓* on silver recovery. used —— If you do not want to recover silver Stabilizers ✓✓ ✓✓— from used photographic fixer or Sepia Toner ✓✓ ✓✓— bleach-fix, you may choose to utilize Rapid Selenium other disposal options, such as — ✓ ——— household hazardous waste Toner collection. Refer to the section on Indicator ✓† ✓✓✓— Waste Management Alternatives for PHOTO-FLO Solution ✓✓ ✓✓— Septic Systems for additional information. * Recommended after silver recovery is performed. † Recommended after neutralization.

Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 5 Most communities have local household hazardous waste DISPOSAL OF OTHER SILVER RECOVERY collection facilities. These facilities KODAK PRODUCTS You can find silver in a number of are available to the public to collect Used KODAK Rapid Selenium Toner different materials when you items from domestic use that should is regulated as a hazardous waste process photographic materials. The not be disposed of through under the USEPA Resource original source of silver is municipal trash, septic, or sewer Conservation and Recovery Act photographic films and papers. systems. This option is available if (RCRA) regulations for commercial Once processed, silver can be you generate less than 220 pounds users. We recommend that domestic retained in the photographic (100 kilograms) of hazardous waste users do not discharge this material material or transferred to solutions per calendar month. Most home to the sewer or discard it in the used to process the photographic hobbyist photographers fall well municipal trash. Use a household materials. Commercial business and below this limit. See Appendix A for hazardous waste collection facility or photographers must recover silver the listing of state household a licensed hazardous waste hauler to from photoprocessing effluent to hazardous waste collection manage this material. meet sewer discharge limits coordinators. You may contact your KODAK Indicator Stop Bath established by POTWs. Amateur state coordinator for information on contains acetic acid. It has a very low photographers are not required to the household hazardous waste pH (1.0). Neutralize this solution recover silver. But whether you are a collection facility nearest you. with sodium bicarbonate (baking professional or amateur You can also discharge your soda) solution prior to sending the photographer, silver recovery photographic wastes to a local material to the sewer. This will help provides environmental benefits, municipal sewer authority, often protect your drain pipes. Add the conserves a natural resource, and referred to as a Publicly Owned sodium bicarbonate slowly to the may provide a source of revenue. Treatment Works (POTW). Contact solution because it will cause The amount of silver found in the POTW directly to see if they will foaming. Neutralize the solution in a photoprocessing effluent will accept your waste. well ventilated area using proper depend upon the amount of film or The third option available is to personal protective equipment paper you’ve processed. See Table II contract with a licensed hazardous (gloves, goggles, and apron). for typical silver concentrations. For waste hauler to manage your If you do not want to neutralize the small volume users like amateur photographic processing wastes for Indicator Stop Bath prior to disposal, photographers, metallic replace- off-site disposal. Kodak offers the you may choose to utilize other ment is usually a good method for RELAY Program, in conjunction disposal options, such as household recovering silver from photographic with Safety-Kleen Corporation, to hazardous waste collection. Refer to processing effluent. In this method, properly handle, treat, and dispose the previous section on Waste iron metal (steel wool) reacts with of photographic processing wastes. Management Alternatives for Septic the silver in the fixer solution. The For more information on the Systems for additional information. iron replaces the silver in solution, KODAK RELAY Program, see while the less active metal (silver) Appendix D. You may also check the settles out as a solid sludge. To bring yellow pages of your local phone DISCONTINUED KODAK the silver in contact with the iron, book for a list of waste management PRODUCTS the used fixer passes through the companies in your area. (There is a container filled with steel wool. The fee for this service.) For information on managing steel wool provides the source of discontinued Kodak products, please iron to replace the silver. contact Kodak Environmental MUNICIPAL TRASH Services at 716-477-3194 for DISPOSAL assistance. We do not recommend that you dispose of used or unused photographic processing Table II. Silver Concentrates Found in Photoprocessing Solutions solution in your regular trash. This is to ensure the safety of the trash Solution Amount collectors who would not know that Developer Contains negligible amounts of silver this material is in the trash and could Fixer/Bleach-Fix 3000–5000 milligrams/litre possibly come into contact with it. Wash Water/Stabilizer 1–5 milligrams/litre

6 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 The advantages to using metallic replacement cartridges are the low TIPS FOR RECOVERING REFINING SILVER initial cost (approximately $50 each), After the metallic replacement and the of installing To use metallic replacement cartridge is exhausted, you have to them—all you have to do are a few cartridges as efficiently as possible, send it to a refiner to reclaim the simple plumbing connections. The fill them with water before you use silver that is present in the form of a disadvantage of metallic them. This will allow the solution to sludge in the cartridge. For a list of replacement is that the silver is come into contact with the greatest refiners, see Appendix B. recovered as a sludge, which makes surface area of steel wool and it more difficult to determine the prevent “channeling.” Regardless of exact amount of silver recovered SOLID WASTE the amount of effluent passed and requires more costly refining. through it, never use a cartridge for Also, you cannot reuse cartridges; You can choose from several options more than six months. The cartridge you must replace them when they for managing the solid waste is used to remove silver from the become exhausted. For small- associated with processing Kodak fixer/bleach fix solution only. Do volume users, such as amateur films and papers. Refer to Table III not add developer or any other photographers, metallic for guidelines on what to do with chemical to the cartridge. Adding replacement cartridges usually last these materials. developer or other chemicals will about six months. destroy the cartridge and inhibit the You can recover silver from small silver-recovery process. batches of fixer by pouring the solution into a metallic replacement cartridge. You can use the KODAK Chemical Recovery Cartridge, Junior Model II.

Table III. General Guidelines

Product Component Material Option

Film Carton/Box 100% recycled fiberboard Discard in regular trash

35 mm Body Plastic* Recycle† Canister Cap Plastic* Discard in regular trash

35 mm magazine Steel Recycle†

35/120/220 spool Plastic* Recycle†

126/110 cartridge Plastic* Recycle†

Film Emulsion, base Discard in regular trash

Paper Carton/Box 100% recycled fiberboard Discard in regular trash

Core Fiberboard Recycle‡

Photochemical Container Bottles Plastic* or glass Recycle**

Caps Plastic* Discard in regular trash

Carton 100% recycled fiberboard Recycle or Discard in regular trash

‡ Check with your community recycling program for details or ask your * Refer to Appendix C for resin codes and descriptions. local photographic processing lab if they participate in the † Check with your community recycling program for details or ask your local photographicKODAK processing Paper Core lab Recycling if they participate Program. in the KODAK Film Container Recycling Program. ** Refer to Appendix E for information on photochemical bottle recycling in community recycling programs.

Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 7 APPENDIX A

HHW Management State Agency Contacts, 1995 Source: The Waste Watch Center

Alaska California Kansas Geoff Kany Judi Frantz Kathleen Nyquist Hazardous Waste Program Manager Environmental Education Coordinator HHW Program Manager Alaska DEC Cal/EPA Dept. of Toxic Substances Kansas Dept. of Health & Environment 410 Willoughby Avenue Control Forbes Field, Building 740 Juneau, AK 99801-1795 P.O. Box 806 (MS HQ-15) Topeka, KS 66620 907-465-5150 P Sacramento, CA 95812-0806 913-296-1611 P 907-465-5164 F 916-324-3614 P 913-296-1592 F 916-327-0978 F Arkansas Florida Robert Finn Connecticut Jan Kleman Hazardous Waste Division Paul Franson Environmental Specialist II AR Dept. of Pollution Control/Ecology Senior Environmental Analyst FL DEP, Bureau of Solid and Haz. P.O. Box 8913 Connecticut DEP Waste Bureau Waste Little Rock, AR 72219 165 Capital Avenue 3804 Coconut Palm Drive 501-570-2861 P Hartford, CT 06424 Tampa, FL 33619-8218 203-566-5277 P 813-744-6100 P California 203-566-5255 F 813-744-6125 F Fernando Berton Senior Waste Management Specialist Delaware Hawaii California Integrated Waste Mgmt. N.C. Vasuki Jane Dewell Board Chief Executive Officer Solid & Hazardous Waste Branch 8800 Cal Center Drive Delaware Solid Waste Authority Hawaii Dept. of Health Sacramento, CA 95826 P.O. Box 455 5 Waterfront Plaza 916-255-2470 P Dover, DE 19903-0455 919 Ala Moana Blvd., 3rd Floor 916-255-2220 F 302-739-5361 P Honolulu, HI 96814-4912 302-739-4287 F 808-586-4226 P Colorado Scott Doyle Georgia Idaho Hazardous Waste Manager Pam Thomas Jaime Fuhrman Larimer County Dept. of Natural Hazardous Waste Management Idaho Department of Health Resources Program Hazardous Materials Bureau P.O. Box 1190 Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources 1410 North Hilton Fort Collins, CO 80522-1190 205 Butler St., Floyd Tower East 1258 Boise, ID 83706 303-498-5771 P Atlanta, GA 30334 208-334-5879 P 303-498-7985 F 404-656-4713 P Indiana Alabama Iowa Tom Neltner Terry Shipman Roy Dewitt Assistant Commissioner, OPPT Land Division Program Planner Indiana Dept. of Environmental Mgmt. AL Dept. of Environmental Management Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources 100 N. Senate Avenue, P.O. Box 6015 1751 Congressman Dickinson Drive Wallace State Office Building Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015 Montgomery, AL 36130 Des Moines, IA 50314 317-232-8603 P 205-271-7726 P 515-281-8646 P Kentucky Arizona Illinois Annette Hayden Tammy Shreeve David Walters Program Coordinator AZ Dept. of Environmental Quality Manager, Solid Waste Reduction Unit Kentucky Division of Waste 3033 N. Central Avenue Illinois DEP Management Phoenix, AZ 85012 2200 Churchill Road 18 Reilly Road 602-207-4119 P Springfield, IL 62794-9276 Frankfort, KY 40601 217-785-8604 P 502-564-6716 P 217-524-4193 F

8 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 Louisiana Michigan New York Vince Sagnibe Lucille Scotti Sharon Rehder Manager, Tech Services/Haz. Waste Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources Environmental Engineer Louisiana DEQ Office Solid & Haz. P.O. Box 30241 New York State, DEC, Waste Lansing, MI 48909 Haz. Substances Reg. 79290 Blue Bonnett, P.O. Box 82178 517-373-2730 P 50 Wolf Road Baton Rouge, LA 70884 Albany, NY 12233-7253 Missouri 504-765-0355 P 518-485-8988 P June Sullens 504-765-0617 F 518-457-0629 F Environmental Specialist Massachusetts Missouri Dept. of Natural Resources North Dakota Nancy Wrenn P.O. Box 176 Christine Roob Regional Planner, Haz. Waste Jefferson City, MO 65102 Environmental Scientist Prevention 314-751-3176 P Division of Waste Management Massachusetts Dept. of Env. Protection P.O. Box 5520 Montana One Winter Street Bismark, ND 58502-5520 Lara Dando Boston, MA 02108 Environmental Specialist New Hampshire 617-292-5587 P Solid & Hazardous Waste Bureau Ken Stuart 617-556-1049 F Cogswell Building Environmentalist Maine Helena, MT 59620 New Hampshire DES, Waste Mgmt. Div. Sam Morris 406-444-1430 P 6 Hazen Drive Maine Waste Management Agency 406-444-1499 F Concord, NH 03301-6509 State House Station 154 603-271-2047 P North Carolina Augusta, ME 04333 603-271-2456 F Lula Melton 207-287-5300 P North Carolina DEHNR New Jersey 207-287-5425 F Solid Waste Section Mike Winka Minnesota P.O. Box 27687 Executive Assistant Leslie Goldsmith Raleigh, NC 27611-7687 New Jersey DEP, Div. of Solid Waste Supervisor, Special Wastes Unit 919-733-0692 P Mgmt. MPCA—Hazardous Waste Division 840 Bear Tavern Road—CN414 Nebraska 520 Lafayette Road Trenton, NJ 08625-0414 Teri Swarts St. Paul, MN 55155-3898 609-530-8115 P Compliance Specialist 612-297-8368 P 609-530-8899 F Nebraska Dept. of Environmental 612-297-8676 F Quality Nevada Mississippi 1200 N. Street, Suite 400 Krisyten Kuyper Thomas E. Whitten Lincoln, NE 68508 Environmental Management Specialist Waste Minimization Director 402-471-4217 P Nevada Division of Env. Protection Mississippi Dept. of Environmental 402-471-3185 F 333 W. Nye Lane Quality Carson City, NV 89710 New Jersey P.O. Box 10385 702-687-4670 P Ralph G. Davis Jackson, MS 39289-0385 New Jersey DEP, Bureau of Hazardous Ohio 601-961-5241 P Waste Ildi Pallos Massachusetts Regulation & Classification Environmental Specialist Barbara Kelley 401 E. State Street, CN 028 Ohio EPA DSIWM Office of Technical Assistance Trenton, NJ 08625 1800 Water Mark Drive, P.O. Box 1049 Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental 609-292-8341 P Columbus, OH 43266-0149 Mgmt. 609-777-0769 F 614-728-5353 P 100 Cambridge St., Room 1904 New Mexico Oklahoma Boston, MA 02202 Patrick Hoermann Bryce Hulsey 617-727-3260 P HHW Coordinator Oklahoma Dept. of Health/Solid Waste 617-727-2754 F Solid Waste Bureau/Environment Dept. 1000 NE 10th Street Maryland 1190 St. Francis Drive, P.O. Box 261 Oklahoma City, OK 73117-1299 Robert Murphy Santa Fe, NM 87503 405-271-7353 P Program Administrator 505-827-2653 P Maryland Dept. of the Environment 505-827-2836 F 2500 Broening Highway Baltimore, MD 21224 410-631-3344 P

Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 9 Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont William Apgar Richard Enander John Miller Waste Management Division Pollution Prevention Program Manager Recycling Specialist Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental Rhode Island Dept. of Env. Mgmt. Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Resources 83 Park Street DEC P.O. Box 2063 Providence, RI 02903-1037 103 South Main St., Laundry Building Harrisburg, PA 17120 401-277-3434 P Waterbury, VT 05671-0407 717-787-6239 P 401-277-2591 F 802-241-3444 P 717-787-0884 F 802-241-3273 F South Dakota South Carolina Vonni Kallemeyn Wisconsin Pam Bergstrand Office of Air Quality & Solid Waste Tim Mulholland South Carolina Dept. of HEC, Department of Health Bureau of Solid Waste Mgmt. Div. of Hydro. Joe Foss Building, Room 217 Haz. Waste Bureau of Solid and Hazardous Waste Pierre, SD 57501 Department of Natural Resources 2600 Bull Street 605-773-3153 P 101 S. Webster St., GEF II, Box 7921 Columbia, SC 29201 Madison, WI 53707-7921 Texas 803-896-4041 P 608-266-0061 P Ingrid Dierlam 803-896-4292 F Project Coordinator Wyoming Tennessee Texas Water Commission Tim Link Don Manning 1700 N. Congress Avenue Solid & Hazardous Waste Specialist Tennessee Div. of Solid Waste Mgmt. Austin, TX 78711-3087 Wyoming Dept. of Environmental Quality 701 Broadway, Custom House, 4th Floor 512-239-4747 P 122 West 25th St., Herschler Bldg. Nashville, TN 37247-3530 512-463-6648 F Cheyenne, WY 82002 615-532-0076 P 307-777-7752 P Virginia Utah Alan Lassider Washington Dorothy Adams Dir. Div. of Litter Control & Recycling William P. Green Waste Reduction Specialist Virginia Dept. of Solid Waste Hazardous Waste Program Planner Salt Lake City County Health Dept. 101 N. 14th, Monroe Bldg., 11th Floor Solid & Hazardous Waste, Ecology 610 South 200 East Richmond, VA 23219 Dept. Salt Lake City, UT 84111 804-225-2945 P P.O. Box 47600 801-534-4526 P Olympia, WA 98504-7600 801-534-4502 F 206-407-6109 P 206-407-6102 F Oregon Maggie Conley West Virginia HHW Coordinator Randy Hoffman Oregon DEQ Environmental Analyst 811 SW 6th Avenue Division of Waste Management, DNR Portland, OR 97204 1356 Hansford Street 503-229-5106 P Charleston, WV 25301 503-229-6124 F 304-558-6350 P 304-348-0256 F

10 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 APPENDIX B

Silver Refiners and Buyers This list has been compiled from various sources. Inclusion on this list does not imply any endorsement or recommendation by Eastman Kodak Company.

Company Name Telephone Number Company Name Telephone Number Academy Corporation 1-800-545-6685 Mar_Cor Environmental Services (800) 323-9785 6905 Washington, N.E. (505) 345-1805 11221 Melrose Street (847) 288-0800 Albuquerque, NM 87109 Franklin Park, IL 60131 Fax (847) 288-0818 Capital Silver Service (615) 452-3574 Morris Recovery Systems (919) 772-7924 1340 Airport Blvd. 819-D Purser Dr. Gallatin, TN 37066 Raleigh, NC 27603 Century Refining (612) 985-9995 Noble Silver (317) 891-0559 21630 Hanover Ave. 259 S. Countyline Rd. Lakeville, MN 55044 Cumberland, IN 46229 Commodity Resource & (818) 843-2811 Pyromet (610) 497-1743 Environmental, Inc. 5 Commerce Drive 116 East Prospect Ave. Aston, PA 19014 Burbank, CA 91502 Sabin Metal Corp. (716) 538-2194 Degussa Corporation (908) 561-1100, 1647 Wheatland Center Rd 3900 South Clinton Ave. ext. 505 Caledonia, NY 14546 South Plainfield, NJ 07080 Safety-Kleen Corp. (714) 435-9225 Drew Resource Corporation (510) 527-7100 2110 South Yale Street 1717 Fourth Street Santa Ana, CA 92704 Berkley, CA 94710-1783 San Antonio Silver (210) 647-4111 Eastern Smelting & Refining Corp. 1-800-343-0914 7514 Reindeer Trail 37-39 Bubier Street San Antonio, TX 78238 Lynn, MA 01901-1794 S.E. Environmental Services 1-800-329-2245 Encore Resources (214) 350-9345 925 W. Adams Street 2619 Brenner Jacksonville, FL 32204 Dallas, TX 75220 Silver Enterprises 1-800-777-4583 Environmental Svcs. (303) 690-1414 77 Cliffwood Ave. 4174 A.S. Parker Road Cliffwood, NJ 07721 Ste-132 Aurora, CO 80014 Southern Silver (615) 793-6168 400 Buchanan Hallmark Refining Corp. 1-800-255-1895 LeVergne, TN 37086 1743 Cedardale Road, Unit 4 (206) 428-5880 P.O. Box 1446 SPM (540) 947-5407 Mount Vernon, WA 98273 Montvale Industrial Montvale, VA 24122 Handy & Harmon 1-800-421-0411 300 Rye Street (203) 289-4327 Springfield Silver Service (513) 834-2293 South Windsor, CT 06074-1220 Fax (203) 289-6494 10815 State Route 161 P.O. Box 189 Heraeus Enright Processing Co. (201) 589-5273 Mechanicsburg, OH 43044 65 Euclid Ave. Newark, NJ 07105 USI Environmental Reclamation Div. (414) 334-3000 P.O. Box 43 Fax (414) 334-6222 825 Schoenhaar Drive West Bend, WI 53095-2633

Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 11 APPENDIX C

Resin Codes Today, plastics are among the easiest types of waste to recycle. Responding to requests from recyclers, the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. created the following codes to identify plastic packaging by resin types. These codes are typically imbedded in the bottoms of plastic bottles or containers and allow easy sorting of plastic waste.

Code Resin Type Examples

PETE—Polyethylene terephthalate Beverage containers, boil-in food pouches, processed meat packages

Film trays, chemical bottles, plastic lids for anesthetics HDPE—High-density polyethylene and many other products, barrier envelopes, milk bottles, detergent bottles, oil bottles, toys, plastic bags

Film packet outer wraps, food wrap, vegetable oil bottles, “blister” V—Vinyl (PVC or polyvinyl chloride) packaging

LDPE—Low-density polyethylene Shrink-wrap, plastic bags, garment bags

Margarine and yogurt containers, caps for containers, PP—Polypropylene some wraps

PS—Polystyrene Egg cartons, fast food trays, disposable plastic silverware

OTHER—Other types Multi-resin containers

12 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 APPENDIX D

KODAK RELAY Program

Q. What is the KODAK RELAY Program? Q. Are there any other costs associated with the program? A. The RELAY Program is for managing photographic A. Safety-Kleen charges a small fee upon initial sign-up of processing wastes generated by customers using Kodak any new RELAY customer. Customers who participated photographic chemicals. Kodak is committed to in the 55-gallon RELAY Program prior to January 1994 providing the best products, methods, and services to who want to switch to the smaller container service do meet your photographic processing needs. The RELAY not have to pay the fee. Program, offered by Kodak in conjunction with Safety- Kleen Corporation, is a service you can choose to help Q. Will Safety-Kleen pick up partially filled containers? you comply with waste management regulations. A. Safety-Kleen's service price applies to full or partially- filled containers. Containers are available in various Q. Is the RELAY Program available worldwide? sizes to accommodate your needs, and empty containers A. The RELAY Program is currently available only are stackable to decrease the amount of storage space throughout the continental United States and Puerto needed. Rico. Canadian customers who need help with waste management can call 1-800-465-6325. Q. I use storage tanks, not containers. Can I make arrangements for pick-up by tanker truck? Q. How do I sign up for the RELAY Program? A. Yes, you can negotiate the RELAY service price for A. To sign up for the RELAY Program, simply contact your pick-up by tanker trucks directly with Safety-Kleen. Kodak sales representative, or call Kodak Environmental Services at (716) 477-3194. Q. Can I store my processing waste in the plastic 15-, 30- or 55-gallon containers that originally contained Kodak Q. How soon can I expect to hear from Safety-Kleen? photographic chemicals? A. Immediately after a Kodak representative has called you A. In order to ensure container and chemical compatibility, to confirm your interest in the RELAY Program and obtain prior approval from Kodak Environmental answer any questions you may have, your name will be Services by calling (716) 477-3194 before storing waste forwarded to Safety-Kleen. You can then expect to in any empty Kodak container. receive a telephone call from a Safety-Kleen Note: Most empty plastic drums that previously representative within 2 to 3 business days. contained Kodak photographic chemicals can be returned for reconditioning and reuse. For more Q. Who pays for the RELAY Program and how much does information on the KODAK Returnable Drum Program, it cost? contact your local Kodak sales representative or call the A. You will be billed for each container of waste picked up Kodak Information Center at 1-800-242-2424. by Safety-Kleen. The price depends on the size of container and includes the cost of analysis and containers. For pricing information, contact Kodak at (716) 477-3194.

Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 13 Q Will I get credit from Safety-Kleen for any silver recovered from my waste streams? A. Currently you will not receive credit from Safety-Kleen for any silver recovered from your waste streams.

Q. What happens to the waste after it is picked up by Safety-Kleen? A. The waste is transported to a Safety-Kleen facility for treatment and/or disposal in accordance with applicable State and Federal regulations. You will receive a Safety- Kleen’s written assurance that the waste has been received and properly managed.

Q. What is an EPA identification (ID) number? Why do I need one, and how do I get one? A. An EPA ID number is a number assigned by the United States Environmental Protection Agency or authorized state agency to each person (by site) who generates, transports, treats, stores, or disposes of hazardous waste. Photographic solutions that contain silver at or above 5 mg/L are considered hazardous waste when placed in containers for transportation to off-site treatment facilities. Federal and State hazardous waste regulations and the volume of hazardous waste generated by your site will dictate your need for an EPA ID number. Safety-Kleen can help you obtain an ID number if you need one.

Q. What if I use other manufacturers’ chemicals or a combination of Kodak and non-Kodak chemicals? A. Only waste generated from the use of Kodak photographic chemicals or Kodak-published bulk-mix formulas, qualifies for the KODAK RELAY Program. You can, however, make arrangements with Safety- Kleen for waste generated from non-Kodak (or combined Kodak and non-Kodak) solutions by calling 1-800-669-5740, or contacting your local Safety-Kleen branch.

14 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 APPENDIX E

Recycling KODAK Photochemical Containers

PREPARING KODAK PHOTOCHEMICAL Q. What type of plastic are the containers made from? CONTAINERS FOR RECYCLING A. Most of the plastic Kodak photochemical You can help minimize solid waste by participating in containers are manufactured from high density your local community recycling program. The polyethylene, the Society of Plastics Industry (SPI) following information will help you in preparing code number 2 or low-density polyethylene, SPI empty plastic or glass Kodak photochemical containers code number 4. In addition, some Kodak plastic for recycling in your local recycling program: containers are made of other resins and are coded number 7 to symbolize layered multi-material 1. Follow the recommendations for personal plastics. protection and ventilation, as described in the product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), while Q. What is an SPI code and where will I find it? rinsing the empty container. 2. Empty the container of all residual product, and A. An SPI code is a way to identify what type of dispose of the residual in accordance with all local, plastic the container is made from. The number state, and federal regulations. will be located on the bottom of the chemical bottle, inside the chasing arrows (mobius loop). 3. To minimize splattering and respiratory exposure, For Cubitainers, the SPI code will be located near slowly rinse caps and empty containers with cold the neck of the container. water. In some instances, the chemical residue may react with water if present in high concentrations. Q. What SPI code numbers will the recycler accept? Dispose of the rinsate (rinse water) in accordance with all local, state, and federal regulations. A. You will need to contact your local recycler for the 4. Repeat the rinsing of the containers two more information on what recyclable plastics they times; you can use warm water (approximately accept. Each recycler may have different market 100° F) for the final rinse to increase the solubility outlets for the plastics which determine what of any remaining chemicals. recyclables they can collect. 5. Once you no longer need the caps, rinse and Q. How do I contact my local recycler? discard them. Do not place them in the recycling container. A. Call your local or state recycling coordinator, municipal waste collection agency, or your local 6. If the containers have visible stains or residue after triple rinsing, do not recycle them. Dispose of waste disposal company. If these agencies cannot them in accordance with local regulations. assist you, you can call the American Plastics Council (APC) at 1-800-243-5790 for information 7. If the rinsed container is plastic, slit it so it cannot on plastic recyclers in your area. be used again and place it into your recycling collection container. Q. What information will I have to provide to the recycler Answers to some frequently asked questions about when inquiring about recycling my containers? recycling Kodak photochemical containers: A. It would be helpful for the recycler if you provided Q. Does Kodak accept back the empty plastic or glass a sample of the rinsed containers that you would photochemical containers? like to recycle; a count of how many containers you A. Kodak does not accept back the empty plastic or generate per week, month, or year; the Material glass photochemical containers. Local recyclers are Safety Data Sheets for the photochemical product best equipped to recycle these containers. that was sold in the original container; and a copy of this Appendix. You may be asked to sign a form stating you will make sure the containers have been properly rinsed before you send them to the recycler.

Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 15 Q. Why do some local recyclers not accept the containers? The recycling information in this publication applies to A. Some recyclers may not understand the nature of empty Kodak plastic or glass containers used for the following Kodak photochemical products only and is the contents of the containers. Most Kodak not intended for containers that were reused for other photographic chemicals are water soluble. purposes. Properly rinsed photochemical containers with no visible stains or residue are expected to pose no KODAK EKTACOLOR PRIME Chemicals greater health concerns for customers or recyclers than properly rinsed household chemical KODAK EKTACOLOR PRIME Developer containers. Some recyclers may only be able to Replenisher / RA-4 process specific sizes of containers, types of KODAK EKTACOLOR PRIME Developer materials (plastic and glass), and of glass at Regenerator their facility. As a result, they may not be able to KODAK EKTACOLOR PRIME Bleach-Fix and accept every container that you would like to Replenisher recycle. KODAK EKTACOLOR PRIME Stabilizer and Replenisher / RA-4 Q. Can I recycle the 15-, 30-, and 55-gallon Kodak plastic drums that my photographic chemicals are shipped in? KODAK EKTACOLOR RA Chemicals A. Yes, this is possible provided you have located a KODAK EKTACOLOR RA Developer Starter recycler of such drums in your area. However, KODAK EKTACOLOR RA Developer Replenisher these drums are part of the KODAK Returnable RT, Part A Drum Program and can be sent to the Kodak- approved drum reconditioner, then back to Kodak KODAK EKTACOLOR RA Developer Replenisher for reuse. If you need further information about RT, Part B the KODAK Returnable Drum Program, call KODAK EKTACOLOR RA Developer Replenisher Kodak at 1-800-242-2424. RT, Part C KODAK EKTACOLOR RA Developer Replenisher Q. Whom may I contact at Kodak for additional KODAK EKTACOLOR RA 100 Developer information about the recycling of Kodak photochemical Replenisher containers? KODAK EKTACOLOR RA 100 Developer A. For additional information, you may contact the Regenerator Kodak Information Center at 1-800-242-2424, Monday through Friday, from 9 a.m. until 7 p.m. KODAK EKTACOLOR RA 100 Developer (Eastern time). Regenerator (WS) KODAK EKTACOLOR RA Bleach-Fix and Replenisher KODAK EKTACOLOR RA 100 Bleach-Fix Replenisher KODAK EKTACOLOR RA Stabilizer and Replenisher / EP-2, RA-4 KODAK FLEXICOLOR Chemicals KODAK FLEXICOLOR Developer Starter LORR KODAK FLEXICOLOR Developer Replenisher LORR KODAK FLEXICOLOR Developer Replenisher LORR, Part A KODAK FLEXICOLOR Developer Replenisher LORR, Part B KODAK FLEXICOLOR Developer Replenisher LORR, Part C KODAK FLEXICOLOR Bleach III / C-41, Part A KODAK FLEXICOLOR Bleach III / C-41, Part B KODAK FLEXICOLOR Bleach III Starter 16 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 KODAK FLEXICOLOR Bleach III Replenisher, KODAK EKTACHROME R-3 Chemicals Part A KODAK EKTACHROME R-3 First Developer KODAK FLEXICOLOR Bleach III Replenisher, Replenisher Part B KODAK EKTACHROME R-3 Color Developer KODAK FLEXICOLOR Bleach III Regenerator Replenisher, Part A KODAK FLEXICOLOR RA Bleach Replenisher NR KODAK EKTACHROME R-3 Color Developer KODAK FLEXICOLOR Bleach III NR Replenisher Replenisher, Part B KODAK FLEXICOLOR RA Fixer and Replenisher KODAK EKTACHROME R-3 Color Developer Replenisher, Part C KODAK FLEXICOLOR Fixer and Replenisher KODAK EKTACHROME R-3 Bleach-Fix and KODAK FLEXICOLOR Stabilizer and Replenisher Replenisher LF KODAK EKTACHROME R-3 First Developer and KODAK Chemicals for Process E-6 Color Developer Starter KODAK First Developer, Process E-6 KODAK EKTACHROME R-3000 Chemicals KODAK First Developer Replenisher, Process E-6 KODAK EKTACHROME R-3000 First Developer and Process E-6AR KODAK EKTACHROME R-3000 Color Developer, KODAK First Developer Starter, Process E-6 Part A KODAK Reversal Bath, Process E-6 KODAK EKTACHROME R-3000 Color Developer, KODAK Reversal Bath and Replenisher, Process Part B E-6 and Process E-6AR KODAK EKTACHROME R-3000 Color Developer, KODAK Color Developer, Process E-6, Part A Part C KODAK Color Developer, Process E-6, Part B KODAK EKTACHROME R-3000 Bleach-Fix KODAK Color Developer Replenisher, Process E-6 KODAK Color Developer Starter, Process E-6 KODAK Bleach, Process E-6 KODAK Bleach Starter, Process E-6 KODAK Fixer, Process E-6 KODAK Fixer and Replenisher, Process E-6 and Process E-6AR KODAK Defoamer, Process E-6 KODAK Pre-Bleach, Process E-6 KODAK Pre-Bleach and Replenisher, Process E-6 and Process E-6AR KODAK Final Rinse, Process E-6 KODAK Final Rinse and Replenisher, Process E-6

Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers • J-300 17 J-113 About the OSHA Formaldehyde Standard J-210 Sources of Silver in Photographic MORE INFORMATION Processing Facilities

If you have environmental or safety questions J-211 Measuring Silver in Photographic Processing Facilities about Kodak products or services, contact Kodak Environmental Services at 1-716-477-3194, between J-212 The Technology of Silver Recovery for 9 a.m. and 7 p.m. (Eastern time) or visit KES on-line Photographic Processing Facilities at www.kodak.com/go/kes. J-213 Refining Silver Recovered from Kodak also maintains a 24-hour health hotline to Photographic Processing Facilities answer questions about the safe handling of J-214 The Regulation of Silver in Photographic photographic chemicals. If you need health-related Processing Facilities information about Kodak products, call 1-716-722-5151. J-215 Recovering Silver from Photographic Processing Facilities For questions concerning the safe transportation of Kodak products, call Kodak Transportation J-216 The Fate and Effects of Silver in the Services at 1-716-722-2400. Environment Additional information is available on the Kodak J-217 Using Code of Management Practice to website and through the U.S.A./Canada faxback Manage Silver in Photographic Processing systems. Facilities The products and services described in this publication may not be available in all countries. In countries other than the U.S., contact your local For more information about Kodak Environmental Services, Kodak representative, or your usual supplier of visit Kodak on-line at: Kodak products. www.kodak.com/go/kes The following publications are available from Many technical support publications for Kodak Customer Service or from dealers who sell Kodak products can be sent to your fax machine Kodak products. from the Kodak Information Center. Call: U.S. 1-800-242-2424, Ext. 33 / Canada 1-800-295-5531 J-110 Formaldehyde Use in Photographic —Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week— Processing Facilities If you have questions about Kodak products, call Kodak. J-111 Determining Workplace Exposure to In the U.S.A.: Formaldehyde 1-800-242-2424, Ext. 19, Monday–Friday J-112 Formaldehyde Emergencies 9 a.m.–7 p.m. (Eastern time) In Canada: 1-800-465-6325, Monday–Friday 8 a.m.–5 p.m. (Eastern time)

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY • ROCHESTER, NY 14650 Environmental Guidelines for Amateur Photographers KODAK Publication No. J-300 Kodak , "e" mark, Ektachrome, Ektacolor, Flexicolor, Photo-Flo, Revised 5/99 CAT 851 8755 Prime, and Relay are trademarks. Printed in U.S.A.