DOCSLIB.ORG

Observation of Temperature and Velocity in the Coastal Water Off Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Observation of Temperature and Velocity in the Coastal Water Off Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Journal of Oceanography Vol. 52, pp. 251 to 257. 1996 Short Contribution Observation of Temperature and Velocity in the Coastal Water off Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia KEISUKE TAIRA1, MOHD NASIR B. SAADON2, SHOJI KITAGAWA1 and TETSUO YANAGI3 1Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Minamidai, 1-15-1, Nakano, Tokyo 164, Japan 2Fisheries and Marine Science Center, Universiti Pertanian, Malaysia, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 3Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan (Received 29 May 1995; in revised form 4 September 1995; accepted 7 September 1995) Mooring observation of current and temperature was made at 17.8 m layer of 19 m depth about 8 km east to Kuala Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Harmonic analysis was applied to tidal currents for 30 days in September 1993, and to the tides observed at Chendering. The K1 tide was the largest both in tidal currents and the tides. Daily mean temperature, currents, sea level, and winds were analyzed from September 1993 to May 1994. Northeast Monsoon from December to February caused sea level rise of 50 cm and temperature lowering of 1°C. 1. Introduction An electro-magnetic current meter was moored from September 1993 to June 1994 at 17.8 m layer of 19 m depth at 5°18′ N and 103°14′ E, 8 km east off Kuala Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia (see Fig. 1). Northeast Monsoon over the South China Sea blows in winter with a wind speed of 7–8 m s–1 accompanying waves with wave height exceeding 3 m (Chua, 1984), and oceanographic observations are limited during the monsoon. Oceanographic data are requisite for design of protection plan against coastal erosion, and for preservation of marine environment and ecosystem. The mooring observation was planed to collect records of current velocity and temperature during the Northeast Monsoon. Harmonic analysis was applied to the record of current meter, and to the tide record observed at Chendering. Daily variation of temperature and sea level was analyzed together with wind speed and direction observed at Sultan Mahmud Airport. Unfortunately, sensitivity of speed sensor of the current meter was hampered by biological fouling, and a limited conclusion was obtained for the current. 2. Mooring Operation and Data At 12:00 on 1 September 1993, a mooring was deployed from the R/V Unipertama-5 (467 ton) of Universiti Pertanian Malaysia at 5°18′ N and 103°14′ E (see, Fig. 1). Figure 2 shows the whole mooring line. Buoyancy was about 51 kg, and the anchor weight was about 50 kg. An electro-magnetic current meter with temperature sensor, ACM-8 of Alec Corporation, and an acoustic release, S-type of Nichiyu Giken-Kogyo Co., were used. Distance between the sensor of the current meter and the weight was 12 m. The mooring site was chosen about 50 m south to a submarine reef of Fisheries Agency to avoid damages by fishing activities. The water depth was measured by an echo sounder of the ship to be 19.0 m, and sensor depth of the current meter was 252 K. Taira et al. Fig. 1. Locations of mooring station of the current meter, the tide station at Chendering, and meteorologi- cal observatory at Sultan Mahmud Airport. Fig. 2. Mooring operation from R/V Unipertama-5 on 1 September 1993. Observation of Temperature and Velocity in the Coastal Water off Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 253 17.8 m. The position was determined by a portable GPS receiver. On 12 June 1994, an acoustic command for release was sent from the R/V Unipertama-3 (19 ton) of the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, but the mooring line did not come to the sea surface. About 10 days later, a fisherman found the mooring floating at the site. The release hook had been unlocked but it was covered thickly by barnacles. A storm made the hook to rotate. The sensor of the current meter was also covered by barnacles. The current meter was used for about six months at 50 m in the Shikoku Basin and the sensor was free from biological fouling (Taira et al., 1993). Recording time interval was chosen at 120 minutes. Horizontal two components are detected by a spherical sensing element of 9 cm in diameter with an accuracy of 0.5 cm s–1. Azimuth of the sensor was detected by a magnetic compass with a resolution of 0.2 degrees. A burst measurement, eight samples at 1 second interval, was made every 120 minutes. A platinum resistance thermometer with an accuracy of 0.01°C was used. The recovered current meter recorded temperature and velocity from 14:00 on 1 September 1993 to 12:00 on 24 May 1994. The record after 24 May 1994 was erroneous due to a low battery. Hourly data was estimated by interpolation, and nontidal variation was diminished by a tide killer filter (Hanawa and Mitsudera, 1985) for analysis of tidal currents. Hourly records of tide at Chendering, wind speed and direction at Sultan Mahmud Airport were kindly provided for the period from 1 September 1993 to 31 May 1994. 3. Tides and Tidal Currents Detided signals of the tide killer filter were subtracted from the east and north components of current record and from the tide record at Chendering. The start time of the records was 0:00 on 6 September 1993. A harmonic analysis with the least squares method (HARMSHRT by Odamaki, 1994, personal communication; see also, Odamaki, 1981) was applied to determine sixteen constituents from 30 day long records. Figure 3 shows the observed records and estimated wave forms. The upper panel shows the tide at Chendering. The observed one is well described by the estimated constants shown in Table 1. Variances were 1617.1 cm2 for the observed and 1565.1 cm2 for the estimated. A standard deviation of difference between the observed and the estimated was 5.9 cm. Observed tidal currents showed a significant decay with time. Amplitude ratios of the observed to the estimated were 2.4 at the start, 1.0 at 300 hours, and 0.53 at 600 hours. The sensitivity of velocity sensor was lowered by the biological fouling. A correction curve of a quadratic in time was obtained, and the corrected time series were analyzed again. The middle panel of Fig. 3 shows a comparison of the corrected with the estimated for the east component. Variances were 35.6 cm2s–2 for the observed and 25.7 cm2s–2 for the estimated. The standard deviation of the difference was 3.1 cm s–1. The bottom panel of Fig. 3 shows a comparison of the Table 1. Harmonic constants of tides and tidal currents. Tide East component of current North component of current O1 29.1 cm (302°) 5.1 cm s –1 (189°) 6.6 cm s –1 (220°) K1 49.8 cm (345°) 5.2 cm s –1 (189°) 8.1 cm s –1 (264°) M2 31.5 cm (217°) 2.7 cm s –1 (224°) 5.5 cm s –1 (303°) S2 11.7 cm (251°) 1.2 cm s –1 (324°) 2.0 cm s –1 (328°) 254 K. Taira et al. Fig. 3. Comparison of the observed (dots) with estimated by harmonic analysis (line) for the tide at Chendering (upper panel), east component (middle panel) and north component (bottom panel) of the current velocity. corrected with the estimated for the north component. Variances were 70.8 cm2s–2 for the ob- served and 56.3 cm2s–2 for the estimated. The standard deviation of the difference was 3.8 cm s–1. Azmy et al. (1990) report that M2 is the most predominant constituent on the coasts of Peninsular Malaysia and that the diurnal tides along the east coast are larger than those along the west coast. Table 1 shows that the K1 constituent is the largest of the four major constituents at Chendering. Azmy et al. (1990) presents a cotidal line by numerical experiment, and the propagation direction is northwest near Kuala Terengganu. Tidal ellipses derived from the constants in Table 1 had major axes in 36°T for O1, 15°T for K1, 7°T for M2 and 31°T for S2. A reanalysis of the tidal records at Malaysian coasts may be necessary. Maged (1994) made current measurements for about 5 days five times in a year from May 1992 at 2 m above the bottom of 10 m depth at a station about 1.5 km off the mouth of Kuala Terengganu River, and he showed that amplitudes of tidal currents were more than 1 m s–1. Figure 3 shows that the amplitudes are less than 20 cm s–1. Chua (1984) describes tidal currents sometimes exceed 1 m s–1 at the river mouths on the east coast of Malaysia. This may suggest that the tidal currents are amplified near the river mouth. 4. Daily-Mean Temperature Velocities and Tide Level A diurnal change of temperature was small, and a daily mean was calculated by averaging over 24 hours. Time series of daily means of temperature and velocities were obtained for 226 days from 1 September 1993 to 24 May 1994. The upper panel of Fig. 4 shows daily mean Observation of Temperature and Velocity in the Coastal Water off Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 255 Fig. 4. Daily mean temperature (upper panel), daily mean east component (middle panel) and daily mean north component (bottom panel) of the current velocity. temperature. The mean was 28.4 ± 0.7°C. The highest was 29.9°C on 24 April 1994, and the lowest 27.3°C on 27 November 1993.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • J. Collins Malay Dialect Research in Malysia: the Issue of Perspective
    J. Collins Malay dialect research in Malysia: The issue of perspective In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 145 (1989), no: 2/3, Leiden, 235-264 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 12:15:07AM via free access JAMES T. COLLINS MALAY DIALECT RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA: THE ISSUE OF PERSPECTIVE1 Introduction When European travellers and adventurers began to explore the coasts and islands of Southeast Asia almost five hundred years ago, they found Malay spoken in many of the ports and entrepots of the region. Indeed, today Malay remains an important indigenous language in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Thailand and Singapore.2 It should not be a surprise, then, that such a widespread and ancient language is characterized by a wealth of diverse 1 Earlier versions of this paper were presented to the English Department of the National University of Singapore (July 22,1987) and to the Persatuan Linguistik Malaysia (July 23, 1987). I would like to thank those who attended those presentations and provided valuable insights that have contributed to improving the paper. I am especially grateful to Dr. Anne Pakir of Singapore and to Dr. Nik Safiah Karim of Malaysia, who invited me to present a paper. I am also grateful to Dr. Azhar M. Simin and En. Awang Sariyan, who considerably enlivened the presentation in Kuala Lumpur. Professor George Grace and Professor Albert Schiitz read earlier drafts of this paper. I thank them for their advice and encouragement. 2 Writing in 1881, Maxwell (1907:2) observed that: 'Malay is the language not of a nation, but of tribes and communities widely scattered in the East..
    [Show full text]
  • Carving Motifs in Timber Houses of Kelantan and Terengganu: Sustaining Malay Architectural Identity
    CARVING MOTIFS IN TIMBER HOUSES OF KELANTAN AND TERENGGANU: SUSTAINING MALAY ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY Ismail Said and Zumahiran Binti Kamarudin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University May 2010 Introduction • Malay traditional timber houses are normally decorated with excellent carvings with distinctive feature such as on external walls, over doors and windows and fascia board of gable end to provide ventilation as well as decoration,. • Woodcarving is considered as an integral component to the vernacular Malay houses in the northeastern states of Peninsular Malaysia, namely Kelantan and Terengganu. • Carving motifs of flora, geometry, Arabic calligraphy and cosmic features are depicted on carved panels of doors, walls, railings and ventilation components in different shapes and sizes. Aims of the Study • To highlight the visual interpretation of the carving motifs which were applied in the house components. This study provides a significant pattern of carving motif and its application in the carved components of the timber houses of Kelantan and Terengganu which were built in the years of 1850s to late 1940s. Its configuration and distribution in the building fabric were also examined. • The pattern of architectural embellishment could serve as a framework which could be considered as part of invaluable Malay heritage and they were indeed of historical and cultural importance. The woodcarving was a traditional art that reflected the local traditions and customs. Research Questions 1. What are the types of carving motif and contents of carved elements found in the traditional timber houses? 1. What are the uses, styles and pattern of regularity of carving motifs that signify the regional identity? Methods of Research The required data was gathered from the following three research methods: (1) Measured drawings and reports of timber houses from the Centre for the Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM) at the Department of Architecture in the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes of Terengganu East Coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia Ii Iii
    i Fishes of Terengganu East coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia ii iii Edited by Mizuki Matsunuma, Hiroyuki Motomura, Keiichi Matsuura, Noor Azhar M. Shazili and Mohd Azmi Ambak Photographed by Masatoshi Meguro and Mizuki Matsunuma iv Copy Right © 2011 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the specimen photographs are held by the Kagoshima Uni- versity Museum. For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follows: Matsunuma, M., H. Motomura, K. Matsuura, N. A. M. Shazili and M. A. Ambak (eds.). 2011 (Nov.). Fishes of Terengganu – east coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum, ix + 251 pages. ISBN 978-4-87803-036-9 Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: [email protected]) v Preface Tropical seas in Southeast Asian countries are well known for their rich fish diversity found in various environments such as beautiful coral reefs, mud flats, sandy beaches, mangroves, and estuaries around river mouths. The South China Sea is a major water body containing a large and diverse fish fauna. However, many areas of the South China Sea, particularly in Malaysia and Vietnam, have been poorly studied in terms of fish taxonomy and diversity. Local fish scientists and students have frequently faced difficulty when try- ing to identify fishes in their home countries. During the International Training Program of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (ITP of JSPS), two graduate students of Kagoshima University, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Kuala Terengganu Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul Complex (KT MRO)
    Kuala Terengganu Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul Complex (KT MRO) The new regional narrow body commercial aircraft maintenance solution provider Your Horizon to Aviation KT MRO Complex The Complex KT MRO Complex is a development project to construct a regional centre provider for aircraft maintenace, repair and overhaul (MRO) services. Within the complex there will be narrow body bays hangar facilities, apron, aircraft parking area, washing bay, bonded warehouse in the airsite as well as an Aviation College in the landsite. The Location KT MRO Complex is located in the 36-acre site adjacent to the Kuala Terengganu Sultan Mahmud Airport (IATA code TGG), Malaysia. Services Offered KT MRO will provide Base Maintenance and Line Maintenance for narrow body (single aisle) aircrafts such as Boeing 737s, Airbus A320s and ATR 72s. Operational Timeline Development Approval expected to receive by Q4 2017 and the construction starts in Q1/Q2 2018. Approval from certification bodies (DCA, FAA, EASA, DGCA and others by Q1/Q2 2020, and KT MRO Complex expected to be operational by Q3/Q4 2020. KT MRO Development KT MRO Complex Facilities The will be a purposed build taxiway connected to KT MRO to the 4,570m runway at TGG. Each of the Hangar (No. 1 & 2) will accomodate 3 bays for narrow body aircrafts with 3 storey connecting office and workshops. KT MRO will also have apron, aircraft parking areas, washing bay, and GSE holding area as well as refuelling station. KT MRO Services Offered & Capability Line Maintenance License Aircraft Base Maintenance Engineer
    [Show full text]
  • Inspection Procedures: an Introduction
    120 Graeme Parkes Inspection procedures: an introduction FAO/NORWAY GOVERNMENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME – GCP/INT/648/NOR78 REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON FISHERIES MONITORING, CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE Kuala Lumpur and Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, 29 June – 3 July 1998 INSPECTION PROCEDURES: AN INTRODUCTION Graeme B. Parkes79 These notes cover: ñObjectives and Activities ñSurveillance Facilities ñLegal basis and Rules of Procedure ñInformation ñCollection of Evidence - Pre-boarding (at sea) - Boarding (at sea) ñIndicators of fishing (past, present or future) ñPresentation of Evidence ñInspection procedures on land ñKey areas to be inspected ñInspection Manual and Training OBJECTIVE To implement the provisions of the fisheries law and deter activities which are in contravention of that law. ACTIVITIES 1.The inspection of licensed vessels to verify compliance with the terms and conditions of licensing. 2.The collection of evidence from vessels suspected of operating in contravention of the fisheries law. 3.The apprehension and escort of such vessels. CIVILIAN OR MILITARY? 78. Programme of Assistance to developing countries for the implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries – Sub-programme C: Assistance to developing countries for upgrading their capabilities in monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) 79. MRAG Americas Inc., 5445 Mariner St., Suite 303, Tampa FA 33609, USA GCP/INT/648/NOR – Field Report C–1/Supp.2 121 Technical papers presented at the Regional Workshop on Fisheries Monitoring, Control and Surveillance. Kuala Lumpur and Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, 29 June - 3 July 1998 SURVEILLANCE FACILITIES At Sea: ñPatrol vessel and boarding craft ñAircraft ñOn-board Observers ñCoastal radar and VMS On Land: ñHarbour control office ñCoastal patrol ñFacilities for discharge of cargo ñCold store LEGAL BASIS AND RULES OF PROCEDURE Prerequisite: Legislation must be clear and transparent.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrient Distribution in the Besut River Basin, Terengganu, Malaysia (South China Sea)
    Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 23 No 3 (2019): 436 - 443 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2019-2303-07 MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL SCIENCES ISSN 1394 - 2506 Published by The Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE BESUT RIVER BASIN, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA (SOUTH CHINA SEA) (Taburan Nutrien di Lembangan Sungai Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia (Laut China Selatan)) Suhaimi Suratman1,2*, Azyyati Abdul Aziz1, Tan Hock Seng1, Hee Yet Yin1, Fatin Adlina Md Nasir1, Dung Quang Le3, Norhayati Mohd Tahir1 1Institute of Oceanography and Environment 2Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3PETRONAS Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 19 August 2018; Accepted: 11 May 2019 Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-based nutrients in the Besut River basin, Malaysia (South China Sea). The mean concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, total dissolved N and total particulate N were 43 µg/L N, 195 µg/L N, 485 µg/L N, 431 µg/L N, respectively. In contrast to N, lower mean concentrations of P were recorded with values of 2.30 µg/L P (dissolved inorganic P), 4.84 µg/L P (total dissolved P) and 8.35 µg/L P (total particulate P). In general, higher concentrations of nutrients were recorded in the middle and lower reaches of the river basin due to human activities. Elevated levels of both forms of nutrients were present during the wet season due to terrestrial run-off to the water column.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential of Global Solar Radiation in Terengganu, Malaysia
    International Journal of Energy Engineering (IJEE) Jun. 2013, Vol. 3 Iss. 4, PP. 130-136 Potential of Global Solar Radiation in Terengganu, Malaysia Abdul Majeed Muzathik Department of Maritime Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Faculty of Engineering, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka [email protected] Abstract- Accurate information on the intensity of solar radiation at a given location is essential to the development of solar energy- based projects. This information is used in the design of a project, in cost analysis, and in calculations on the efficiency of a project. As the solar radiation data are not available for most areas in Malaysia, this study is crucial in establishing the solar data for Terengganu, Malaysia. The geographical co-ordinates of the site are 50 10’ N latitude 1030 06’ E longitude and 5.2 m altitude. The data used in the present study were collected from the Renewable Energy Station, University Malaysia Terengganu from 2004 to 2010. In addition to these data, secondary data were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department from 2004 to 2009 at the Terengganu Airport station (5o 10.0’ N latitude 103o 6.0’ E longitude) which is nearly 2 km southeast to the study area. From the raw data, the mean, maximum and minimum hourly values were calculated. The highest 24 hours basis daily and monthly mean global solar radiation values were 314.9 W/m2 and 7556 Wh/m2/day, respectively. The highest hourly average solar radiation intensity was 1139 W/m2 during this study period. Yearly average daily solar energy was 18.93 MJ/m2/day.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 SDC 5: Systematic Review of Prospective, Hospital-Based
    SDC 5: Systematic review of prospective, hospital-based rotavirus studies in Malaysia We conducted a systematic search of prospective hospital-based rotavirus (RV) surveillance studies in Malaysia. A meta-analysis was conducted to obtain pooled RV-detection proportions for acute gastroenteritis (AG) hospitalizations. Methods A systematic search was conducted to select studies conducted in Malaysia that comply with WHO recommendations for hospital-based RV surveillance [6]. Criteria for eligibility were as follows: (i) prospective, hospital-based study (ii) at least one year duration, (iii) conducted in Malaysia, (iv) on children under the age of 5 years, (v) stool tested for RV with an enzyme immunoassay test. The literature was searched systematically to locate published articles in three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). Search terms used were ‘rotavirus’ AND (‘gastroenteritis OR ‘diarrhoea’ OR ‘diarrhea’) AND ‘Malaysia’. The search was limited to English language publications. Citation search and consultation with experts were conducted to identify additional publications. After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were screened to identify prospective, hospital- based RV studies. Subsequently, full text articles were read to identify studies meeting the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model [7] was used to pool outcomes from each individual study site and calculate the mean and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for RV-detection proportion. 1 Results The systematic search of three databases provided a total of 94 citations; 39 from Pubmed, 38 from Scopus and 17 from Web of Science. No further articles were identified from citation search or consultation with experts.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Management Plan
    6 -1 CHAPTER 6 SPATIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The Spatial Management Plan is a basic framework that drives the translation of national strategic directions to the state level. The Spatial Management Plan consist of aspects related to spatial Three (3) Types of State Spatial availability (land use and transportation), growth areas (Conurbation, Management Plan Promoted Development Zone, Catalyst Centre and Agropolitan Centre), settlement hierarchies, resource management (forest, water, food, Spatial Growth Framework energy source and other natural resources) and disaster risk areas 1 Plan (tsunami, flood, landslide, coastal erosion and rise in sea level). Resource Management Plan A Spatial Management Plan at the state level is prepared to translate 2 national strategic directions to the state level (all states in Peninsular Natural Disaster Risk Area Malaysia, Sabah and Labuan Federal Territory) especially for strategic 3 Management Plan directions that have direct implications on a spatial aspect such as: . 1. Growth and development of cities as well as rural areas that is balanced and integrated (PD1 and PD 2); 2. Connectivity and access that is enhanced and sustainable (PD3); 3. Sustainable management of natural resources, food resources and State Spatial Management Plan heritage resources (KD1); involve the following states: 4. Management of risk areas (KD2); 5. Low carbon cities and sustainable infrastructure (KD3); and 1. Perlis pp. 6 - 8 6. Inclusive community development (KI1, KI2 and KI3). 2. Kedah pp. 6 - 14 3. Pulau Pinang pp. 6 - 20 This management plan shall become the basis for planning growth areas, conservation of resource areas as well as ensuring planning 4. Perak pp. 6 - 26 takes into account risks of natural disaster.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Airports and Recommended Pocket Money (Numbering Is According to the Number in the Letter of Agreement)
    List of Airports and Recommended Pocket Money (Numbering is according to the number in the Letter of Agreement) Approximate Recommended No. Institution City Airport from Airport Pocket Money for 1 to Institution Month Indonesia Astra Manufacturing Soekarno Hatta International 250 USD or 1 Jakarta 1 hr Polytechnic Airport Rp. 4.000.000 150 USD or Soekarno Hatta International 2 Bina Insani College Tangerang 2 hrs Rp. 2.000.000 – Airport 2.500.000 IPB University, School of Soekarno Hatta International 150 USD or 3 Tangerang 2 hrs Vocational Studies Airport Rp. 2.250.000 Indonesia University of 200 USD or 4 Bandung Husein Sastranegara 1 hr Education Rp. 3.000.000 Ganesha University of 120 USD or 5 Denpasar Ngurah Rai Airport 3 hrs Education Rp. 1.500.000 Islamic University of 150 USD or 6 Yogyakarta Adisutjipto International Airport 45 mins Indonesia Rp. 2.000.000 Islamic University of Kalimantan Muhammad 200 USD or 7 Banjarbaru Syamsudin Noor Airport 30 mins Arsyad Al Banjari Rp. 3.000.000 Banjarmasin Manufacture Polytechnic of 170 USD or 8 Bandung Husein Sastranegara 30 mins Bandung Rp. 2.500.000 Pangkep State Polytechnic Sultan Hasanuddin International 200 USD or 9 Pangkajene 2 hrs of Agriculture Airport Rp. 3.000.000 300 USD or 10 PGRI Madiun University Madiun Adi Sumarmo Airport 1 hr Rp. 4.500.000 PGRI University of Ahmad Yani International 150 USD or 11 Semarang 30 mins Semarang Airport Rp. 2.250.000 Politeknik Elektronika 346 USD or 12 Surabaya Juanda International Airport 45 mins Negeri Surabaya Rp. 5.000.000 Politeknik Informatika Sultan Hasanuddin International 150 USD or 13 Makassar 1 hr Nasional Airport Rp.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Utama Negeri I
    Main Data Terengganu Main Data Data Utama Negeri i kandungan contents DATA UTAMA NEGERI 21. Penduduk Mengikut Jantina, Isi Rumah dan Tempat Kediaman 2017 01 Main Data Terengganu Population by Sex, Household & Living Quarters 2017 23. 2. Keluasan, Bilangan JKKK, Guna Tanah & Penduduk Mengikut Daerah 2017 Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Umur 2017 Population by Age Group 2017 Area, Number of JKKK, Landused and Population by District 2017 24. 3. Keluasan Mengikut Daerah Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik 2017 Population by Ethnic 2017 Area by District Main Data Terengganu Main Data 26. 5. Keluasan Tanah Mengikut Mukim 2017 Kadar Pertumbuhan Penduduk Purata Tahunan Average Annual Population Growth Rate Land Area by Mukim 2017 28. Taburan Peratus Penduduk, Keluasan dan Kepadatan Mengikut Daerah 12. Bilangan Kampung Mengikut JKKK Daerah 2017 Percentage Distribution of Population Area And Density by District Number of Village by District JKKK 2017 30. Penduduk Mengikut Strata 13. Gunatanah Mengikut Daerah 2017 Population by Stratum Landused by District 2017 14. Gunatanah Negeri 2017 Landused by State 2017 SUMBER 03 Resources 34. Sumber PENDUDUK 02 Population Resources 16. Data Penduduk Mengikut Negeri Population Data by State GUNATENAGA 04 Manpower Data Utama Negeri 18. Kadar Pertumbuhan Penduduk Purata Tahunan Mengikut Negeri Average Annual Growth Rate by State 36. Penglibatan Tenaga Buruh 19. Anggaran Penduduk Mengikut Daerah Labour Force Participation Estimated Population by District 37. Taburan Gunatenaga Mengikut Industri Manpower Distribution by Industry KELUARAN DALAM NEGERI KASAR 05 Gross Domestic Product 42 Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar (KKDNK) Mengikut Sektor (Harga Malar 2010) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Sector (Constant Prices 2010) ii kandungan contens PERINDUSTRIAN TERNAKAN 06 Industry 09 Livestock 48.
    [Show full text]
  • Malindo-Air-Corporate-Profile.Pdf
    CORPORATE PROFILE An Introduction • Malaysia 1st Hybrid Airline that provides full-service op:ons and compe::ve fare. • Begin operaons with 2 B737-NG aircras on 22 March 2013, with our first departure from KLIA to Kota Kinabalu • Current fleet comprises of 15 Boeing 737-NG’s & 11 ATR72-600 turboprops • Total of 16 Boeing 737-NG’s in service by year 2015 2 An Introduction • 1st airline to operate the 737-900ER aircra in Malaysia. • One of the youngest fleets in Malaysia - average age of 2 years • Aimed to become a Regional Airline between 4 to 6 hours range • Proud winner of Airline of the Year (Passenger) 2014 by Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad (MAHB) 3 Malindo Air Vision 4 Malindo Air Network 5 Malindo Air Growth 2015 - Forecas:ng to fly 5 2014 million passengers - 2.5 Million - 27 Aircras (16 Passengers Boeing 737s & 11 2013 Flown ATRs) - 900,000 - 19 Aircras Passengers Flown - 9 Aircras 6 Malindo Air Product • Malindo’s Boeing flights offer Business class and Economy class cabin with comfortable leather seats • B737-900ER has 168 economy seats (32” pitch) and 12 business-class seats (45” pitch) • B737-800 has 150 economy and 12 business class seats; • ATR has 72 seats (29” pitch) 7 Malindo Air Business Class • Addi:onal privilege offered to our Business Class passengers include Ø Exclusive check-in Ø Personal in-flight entertainment screen Ø Complimentary full meal service on board Ø Baggage allowance up to 40kg Ø Business class lounge at KLIA2 for internaonal routes 8 Malindo Air Product • Aircra model: ATR 72 – 600 • Serving to all major
    [Show full text]