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Pashtunistan: Pakistan's Shifting Strategy
AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN PASHTUN ETHNIC GROUP PASHTUNISTAN: P AKISTAN ’ S S HIFTING S TRATEGY ? Knowledge Through Understanding Cultures TRIBAL ANALYSIS CENTER May 2012 Pashtunistan: Pakistan’s Shifting Strategy? P ASHTUNISTAN : P AKISTAN ’ S S HIFTING S TRATEGY ? Knowledge Through Understanding Cultures TRIBAL ANALYSIS CENTER About Tribal Analysis Center Tribal Analysis Center, 6610-M Mooretown Road, Box 159. Williamsburg, VA, 23188 Pashtunistan: Pakistan’s Shifting Strategy? Pashtunistan: Pakistan’s Shifting Strategy? The Pashtun tribes have yearned for a “tribal homeland” in a manner much like the Kurds in Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. And as in those coun- tries, the creation of a new national entity would have a destabilizing impact on the countries from which territory would be drawn. In the case of Pashtunistan, the previous Afghan governments have used this desire for a national homeland as a political instrument against Pakistan. Here again, a border drawn by colonial authorities – the Durand Line – divided the world’s largest tribe, the Pashtuns, into two the complexity of separate nation-states, Afghanistan and Pakistan, where they compete with other ethnic groups for primacy. Afghanistan’s governments have not recog- nized the incorporation of many Pashtun areas into Pakistan, particularly Waziristan, and only Pakistan originally stood to lose territory through the creation of the new entity, Pashtunistan. This is the foundation of Pakistan’s policies toward Afghanistan and the reason Pakistan’s politicians and PASHTUNISTAN military developed a strategy intended to split the Pashtuns into opposing groups and have maintained this approach to the Pashtunistan problem for decades. Pakistan’s Pashtuns may be attempting to maneuver the whole country in an entirely new direction and in the process gain primacy within the country’s most powerful constituency, the military. -
Adaptation of the List of Backward Classes Castes/ Comm
GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA ABSTRACT Backward Classes Welfare Department – Adaptation of the list of Backward Classes Castes/ Communities and providing percentage of reservation in the State of Telangana – Certain amendments – Orders – Issued. Backward Classes Welfare (OP) Department G.O.MS.No. 16. Dated:11.03.2015 Read the following:- 1. G.O.Ms.No.3, Backward Classes Welfare (OP) Department, dated.14.08.2014 2. G.O.Ms.No.4, Backward Classes Welfare (OP) Department, dated.30.08.2014 3. G.O.Ms.No.5, Backward Classes Welfare (OP) Department, dated.02.09.2014 4. From the Member Secretary, Commission for Backward Classes, letter No.384/C/2014, dated.25.9.2014. 5. From the Director, B.C. Welfare, Telangana, letter No.E/1066/2014, dated.17.10.2014 6. G.O.Ms.No.2, Scheduled Caste Development (POA.A2) Department, Dt.22.01.2015 *** ORDER: In the G.O. first read above, orders were issued adapting the relevant Government Orders issued in the undivided State of Andhra Pradesh along with the list of (112) castes/communities group wise as Backward Classes with percentage of reservation, as specified therein for the State of Telangana. 2. In the G.O. second and third read above, orders were issued for amendment of certain entries at Sl.No.92 and Sl.No.5 respectively in the Annexure to the G.O. first read above. 3. In the letters fourth and fifth read above, proposals were received by the Government for certain amendments in respect of the Groups A, B, C, D and E, etc., of the Backward Classes Castes/Communities as adapted in the State of Telangana. -
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Nisan / The Levantine Review Volume 4 Number 2 (Winter 2015) Identity and Peoples in History Speculating on Ancient Mediterranean Mysteries Mordechai Nisan* We are familiar with a philo-Semitic disposition characterizing a number of communities, including Phoenicians/Lebanese, Kabyles/Berbers, and Ismailis/Druze, raising the question of a historical foundation binding them all together. The ethnic threads began in the Galilee and Mount Lebanon and later conceivably wound themselves back there in the persona of Al-Muwahiddun [Unitarian] Druze. While DNA testing is a fascinating methodology to verify the similarity or identity of a shared gene pool among ostensibly disparate peoples, we will primarily pursue our inquiry using conventional historical materials, without however—at the end—avoiding the clues offered by modern science. Our thesis seeks to substantiate an intuition, a reading of the contours of tales emanating from the eastern Mediterranean basin, the Levantine area, to Africa and Egypt, and returning to Israel and Lebanon. The story unfolds with ancient biblical tribes of Israel in the north of their country mixing with, or becoming Lebanese Phoenicians, travelling to North Africa—Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya in particular— assimilating among Kabyle Berbers, later fusing with Shi’a Ismailis in the Maghreb, who would then migrate to Egypt, and during the Fatimid period evolve as the Druze. The latter would later flee Egypt and return to Lebanon—the place where their (biological) ancestors had once dwelt. The original core group was composed of Hebrews/Jews, toward whom various communities evince affinity and identity today with the Jewish people and the state of Israel. -
Being Muslim in Pluralistic Society: a Discussion on Pluralism in Indian Context
www.ijcrt.org © 2018 IJCRT | Volume 6, Issue 1 March 2018 | ISSN: 2320-2882 Being Muslim in Pluralistic Society: A Discussion on Pluralism in Indian Context By Zahoor Ahmad PhD (Research scholar) Department of History Baghwant University Ajmer, India & Mohd Anzar war PhD (Research scholar) Department of Sociology University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India – 190006 & Dr Sandeep Kumar Pandey (Assistant Professor) Department of History Bagwant University Ajmer, India Abstract Pluralism has been the main feature of Indian society; India is a democratic and pluralistic country in which almost every religion exists. Pluralism refers to the existence together in our society of people of different beliefs, ways of life, cultures, races, religions, ancestries and so on. But in the contemporary Indian society Muslims are being discriminated in terms of education, religion, employment, etc. This is evident from the various studies carried out in the area of sociology of religion. The study has been carried out in Indian context and aimed to trace the various problems of pluralism in India. This paper attempts to examine being Muslims in the pluralistic society, problems faced by the Muslims in the pluralistic society, factors for discrimination in the pluralistic society and so on. The paper is based on secondary sources of data and other relevant literature wherever necessary. The statement will also be supplanted by participant observation of the authors. Key words: (pluralism, problems faced by Muslims, Indian context) 1. Introduction Pluralism in its broadest sense refers to the belief that a diversity of beliefs and practices should be accommodated within a society with equal citizenship rights. -
Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S
Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (name redacted) Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs November 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL30588 Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy Summary The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions that have spurred the establishment of new political opposition coalitions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether to elevate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position to a prime ministership. The Afghan government has made some measurable progress in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments. It has adopted measures that would enable it to proceed with new parliamentary elections, but no election date has been set. The number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led “Resolute Support Mission” (RSM) that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under “Operation Freedom’s Sentinel” (OFS). -
The Boundaries of Afghans' Political Imagination
The Boundaries of Afghans’ Political Imagination The Boundaries of Afghans’ Political Imagination: The Normative-Axiological Aspects of Afghan Tradition By Jolanta Sierakowska-Dyndo The Boundaries of Afghans’ Political Imagination: The Normative-Axiological Aspects of Afghan Tradition, by Jolanta Sierakowska-Dyndo This book first published in Polish by the Warsaw University Press, 2007 00-497 Warszawa, ul. Nowy Świat 4, Poland e-mai:[email protected]; http://www.wuw.pl First published in English by Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK Translation into English by Teresa Opalińska British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2013 by Jolanta Sierakowska-Dyndo Cover image © Wiktor Dyndo All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-4229-X, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-4229-7 CONTENTS The Rules of Transcription........................................................................ vii Introduction ................................................................................................ ix Part I: Ethical Standards in the Afghan World Chapter One................................................................................................. 3 Pashtunwali: The Warrior Ethos -
LESSON 3 India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan G Stan India, Pakistan, and Afghanis
LESSONLESSON 3 India,India, Pakistan,Pakistan, andand AfghanistanAfghanistan QuickQuick WriteWrite magine this: The year is 1921, and you’re a teenager in school in India. Your land has been Iunder British rule for as long as anyone can remember. You’re starting to hear about independence for India, though, and it sounds like an exciting idea. But what kind of independence? Self-rule within the British Empire? Or complete independence, like what What approach should the Americans got after 1776? British India have taken to independence? Why? India is a vast country—Hindus and Muslims are only two of its mixture of religious and ethnic groups. Could one country possibly be big enough to include everybody? Won’t some groups get lost? Should certain groups be guaranteed a share of seats in Parliament? Maybe two or more smaller countries would make more sense. British India could draw the map so that each territory LearnLearn AboutAbout was pretty clearly Hindu or Muslim and everybody spoke the same language. What do you think is best, • the precolonial history of the Mughals in the Indian and why? subcontinent • the encounter with Europe and the colonial period in the region • the history of the struggle for independence in South Asia • what caused the partition and war between India and Pakistan • how Muslim-Hindu strife affects the politics and economics of South Asia • which groups have struggled for control in Afghanistan and why 176 CHAPTER 2 Asia 75162_C2L3_p176-199_AFJROTC_FINAL.indd 176 11/9/09 1:55 PM The Precolonial History of the Mughals VocabularyVoca bulary in the Indian Subcontinent •Indian subcontinent You read briefl y in the Introduction about the Mughal Empire •aristocrat in the Indian subcontinent. -
'Pashtunistan': the Challenge to Pakistan and Afghanistan
Area: Security & Defence - ARI 37/2008 Date: 2/4/2008 ‘Pashtunistan’: The Challenge to Pakistan and Afghanistan Selig S. Harrison * Theme: The increasing co-operation between Pashtun nationalist and Islamist forces against Punjabi domination could lead to the break-up of Pakistan and Afghanistan and the emergence of a new national entity: an ‘Islamic Pashtunistan’. Summary: The alarming growth of al-Qaeda and the Taliban in the Pashtun tribal region of north-western Pakistan and southern Afghanistan is usually attributed to the popularity of their messianic brand of Islam and to covert help from Pakistani intelligence agencies. But another, more ominous, reason also explains their success: their symbiotic relationship with a simmering Pashtun separatist movement that could lead to the unification of the estimated 41 million Pashtuns on both sides of the border, the break-up of Pakistan and Afghanistan, and the emergence of a new national entity, an ‘Islamic Pashtunistan’. This ARI examines the Pashtun claim for an independent territory, the historical and political roots of the Pashtun identity, the implications for the NATO- or Pakistani-led military operations in the area, the increasing co-operation between Pashtun nationalist and Islamist forces against Punjabi domination and the reasons why the Pashtunistan movement, long dormant, is slowly coming to life. Analysis: The alarming growth of al-Qaeda and the Taliban in the Pashtun tribal region of north-western Pakistan and southern Afghanistan is usually attributed to the popularity of their messianic brand of Islam and to covert help from Pakistani intelligence agencies. But another, more ominous reason also explains their success: their symbiotic relationship with a simmering Pashtun separatist movement that could lead to the unification of the estimated 41 million Pashtuns on both sides of the border, the break-up of Pakistan and Afghanistan, and the emergence of a new national entity, ‘Pashtunistan,’ under radical Islamist leadership. -
The Telangana Reservation in Favour of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes of Muslims Act, 2007
THE TELANGANA RESERVATION IN FAVOUR OF SOCIALLY AND EDUCATIONALLY BACKWARD CLASSES OF MUSLIMS ACT, 2007. (ACT NO. 26 OF 2007) ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Sections 1. Short title, extent and commencement. 2. Definitions. 3. Declaration of Muslim Community and Groups as Backward Classes. 4. Reservation in favour of Backward Classes of Muslim Communities and Groups. 5. Percentage of Reservations. 6. Power to amend the Schedule. 7. Power to make provision by notification. 8. Power to remove difficulties. 9. Repeal of Ordinance. Schedule. THE TELANGANA RESERVATION IN FAVOUR OF SOCIALLY AND EDUCATIONALLY BACKWARD CLASSES OF MUSLIMS ACT, 2007.1 ACT No.26 OF 2007. 1. (1) This Act may be called the 2Telangana Reservation Short title, extent in favour of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes of and Muslims Act, 2007. commencement. (2) It extends to the whole of the State of 2Telangana. (3) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 6th July, 2007. 2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,- Definitions. (a) “Commission” means the 2Telangana Commission for Backward Classes constituted under the provisions of 3the Telangana Commission for Backward Classes Act, Act 20 of 1993. 1993; (b) “Educational Institutions” means a college, a school imparting education up to and inclusive of tenth class or other institution by whatever name called whether managed by the Government, private body, local authority or University and carrying on the activity of imparting education therein whether technically, professionally including medical 1. The Andhra Pradesh Reservation in favour of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes of Muslims Act, 2007 received the assent of the Governor on the 9th August, 2007. -
Exploring World Geography Student Review Exploring World Geography Student Review ISBN 978-1-60999-159-3
Exploring World Geography Student Review Exploring World Geography Student Review ISBN 978-1-60999-159-3 Copyright © 2020 Notgrass History. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced without permission from the publisher. Review Questions and Literary Analysis by Bethany Poore (except Know Why You Believe analysis by Ray Notgrass) Cover design by Mary Evelyn McCurdy Front Cover: Lake Titicaca, Peru, by saiko3p / Shutterstock.com Printed in the United States of America Notgrass History 975 Roaring River Rd. Gainesboro, TN 38562 1-800-211-8793 notgrass.com A Note to Parents The Exploring World Geography Student Review Pack is a tool to measure your student’s progress as he or she studies Exploring World Geography. It includes three books: the Student Review Book, the Quiz and Exam Book, and the Guide for Parents and Answer Key. This material is intended to enhance your student’s study of geography, the assigned literature, and worldview. Please do not let it become a burden. Students should focus on learning about the issues, the people, and the scope of world geography, as they enjoy the literature and the primary documents and grow in their understanding of worldview. We pray you and your student have a successful journey around the world! Student Review Book The Student Review Book includes review questions on the lessons and most of the original sources in the World Geography Gazetteer, map skills assignments, and literary analysis of and questions on the twelve literature titles we suggest students read as they study Exploring World Geography. The material in the Student Review is arranged in the order in which a student will come to it as they study the course. -
“THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN PASHTUN's and MUGHAL's and the ROLE of KHUSHAL KHAN KHATTAK” Abstract
Pakistan Journal of Humanities & Social Science Research Volume No. 02, Issue No. 03(June, 2019) “THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN PASHTUN’S AND MUGHAL’S AND THE ROLE OF KHUSHAL KHAN KHATTAK” *Dr. Muhammad Anees Khan & Prof. Dr. Sayyed Azkia Hashmi† Abstract: Pashtuns are followed back to Afghans in their way of life. The historical backdrop of the Pashtun individuals is antiquated and quite a bit of it isn't completely investigated. Among these Pashtun's Khushal khan Khattak (1613-1689) was an incredible writer, courageous warrior, researcher and head of the Khattak clan. He gave much weight on the solidarity of Pashtuns tribes and supported insurrection against the Mughal's. He likewise advanced Pashtun patriotism through his verse and presumably the primary Afghan who exhibited his speculations for the solidarity of the Pashtun clans against outside powers and for the production of an afghan state. He spent a greater amount of his life, in battling against the severe Mughal Empires. But the question is this why Khushal Khan against the Mughal empires? What are the reasons behind this? This paper will resolve that issue. The objective of the study: this study will describe the main problematic issues between Khushal Khan Khattak and Mughal Empires. Keywords: Mughal, Khushal khan Khattak, Enmity. INTRODUCTION Nowadays everywhere the top masterminds are of the view says that around there (Afghan) we have to take help of tact diplomacy rather than the military task. Every member country of *Assistant Professor (Islamic & Religious Studies) Hazara University Email: [email protected] †Chairman, (Department of Islamic & Religious Studies) Hazara University Mansehra Dr. -
Mapping Pakistan's Internal Dynamics
the national bureau of asian research nbr special report #55 | february 2016 mapping pakistan’s internal dynamics Implications for State Stability and Regional Security By Mumtaz Ahmad, Dipankar Banerjee, Aryaman Bhatnagar, C. Christine Fair, Vanda Felbab-Brown, Husain Haqqani, Mahin Karim, Tariq A. Karim, Vivek Katju, C. Raja Mohan, Matthew J. Nelson, and Jayadeva Ranade cover 2 NBR Board of Directors Charles W. Brady George Davidson Tom Robertson (Chairman) Vice Chairman, M&A, Asia-Pacific Vice President and Chairman Emeritus HSBC Holdings plc Deputy General Counsel Invesco LLC Microsoft Corporation Norman D. Dicks John V. Rindlaub Senior Policy Advisor Gordon Smith (Vice Chairman and Treasurer) Van Ness Feldman LLP Chief Operating Officer President, Asia Pacific Exact Staff, Inc. Wells Fargo Richard J. Ellings President Scott Stoll George F. Russell Jr. NBR Partner (Chairman Emeritus) Ernst & Young LLP Chairman Emeritus R. Michael Gadbaw Russell Investments Distinguished Visiting Fellow David K.Y. Tang Institute of International Economic Law, Managing Partner, Asia Karan Bhatia Georgetown University Law Center K&L Gates LLP Vice President & Senior Counsel International Law & Policy Ryo Kubota Tadataka Yamada General Electric Chairman, President, and CEO Venture Partner Acucela Inc. Frazier Healthcare Dennis Blair Chairman Melody Meyer President Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA Honorary Directors U.S. Navy (Ret.) Chevron Asia Pacific Exploration and Production Company Maria Livanos Cattaui Chevron Corporation Lawrence W. Clarkson Secretary General (Ret.) Senior Vice President International Chamber of Commerce Pamela S. Passman The Boeing Company (Ret.) President and CEO William M. Colton Center for Responsible Enterprise Thomas E. Fisher Vice President and Trade (CREATe) Senior Vice President Corporate Strategic Planning Unocal Corporation (Ret.) Exxon Mobil Corporation C.