GEOLOGICA BALCANICA, 32.2-4, Sofia, Decemb. 2002, p. 209-213
Danian Normapolles from the conglomeratic formation near Panagyurishte and Strelcha (Sredna Gora Mountains, Bulgaria)
Polina Pavlishina
Sofia University "Sv. Kl. Ohridski", Department of Geology and Palaeontology, 1504 Sofia
(Submitted: 20. 05. 2002 accepted for publication: 10. 06. 2002) flOA UHa naeAUUJUHa - PaiiCKUe Normapolles U3 Abstract. The paper presents description and illustra KOIUAOMepamHOU mOAblJ.IU 6 pauo11e flauaziOpUIJ.Ie U tions of I 0 Normapolles species obtained from the con· CmpeA~a (Cped!tRR zopa, 5oMapuR). 8 cTaTbe npe.ncTa glomeratic formation near Panagyurishte and Strelcha aneHHO TaKCOHOMH'IeCKOe OnHCaHHe H HJIJIIOCTpHpO and new for the Bulgarian palynoflora. They belong BaHHbl .necl!Tb BH.lla Normapolles H3 KOHrJIOMepaTHOH mainly to the genera Nudopollis, Oculopollis, S em io TOJihlllH a paifoHe IlaHanopHme H Crpen'la. 0HH culopollis and lnterporopollenites. The taxa are consid liBJiliiOTCll HOBb!MH .llJill 6onrapCKOH naJIHHO$nOpbl H ered to be stratigraphically important. Their concur npHHa.nnelKaT masHo K cne.nyiOUlHM po.naM: Nudopollis, rent ranges and correlation to the already known as Oculopollis. S emioculopollis u Interporopollenites. Ycra semblages of the same age in the Normapolles prov HoaneHHble BH.llbl C'IHTaiOTCll CTpaTHrpaHlfeCKH BalK ince suggests a latest Maastrichtian to early Paleocene Hb!MH. l1x napannenbHOe pacnpocrpaHeHHe H KOppenl! (most probably Danian) age for the conglomeratic for UHll C HJBeCTHblMH yll Pavlishina, P. 2002. Danian Normapolles from the conglomeratic formation near Panagyurishte and Strelcha (Sredna-Gora Mountains, Bulgaria).- Geologica Bale., 32, 2-4; 209-213 Key words: palynology, pollen, Normapolles, latest Maastrichtian, Danian, conglomeratic forma tion, Bulgaria. Introduction Middle Eocene (XpHCTOB, 1953; A.Jia,u)KOBa XpHc\fesa et al., 1991) and Upper Eocene The conglomeratic formation south of the (l.lyHeB et al., 1963) mainly based on its overall towns Panagyurishte and Strelcha occurs as two stratigraphic position and without any palaeon parallel strips - Mechit and Rayna Knyaginya tological evidence. (Fig. 1). It consists mostly of polymictic con Recent field revisions and palynological sam glomerates and sandstones. The sandstones are pling have brought new data concerning the age present as separate beds, and sometimes con assessment of the conglomeratic formation. tain abundant coalefied plant debris. The age of Four samples, taken from three different sec the conglomeratic formation has been consid tions, namely - near the spring Rayna Knya ered as Maastrichtian (,[(HMHTJ'OBa et al., 1984), ginya (Popintsi strip and northern strip) and 27 Geologica Balcanica, 2-4/2002 209 r-1 Neogene, L__j Quaternary llli:Wtl@l Maastrichtian Oysch ITIJTITI] Turonian - Campanian r18':m con&Jomentlc ronnatlon C: : C.oj L t ,..__t ~ (Upper Maastrichtian? _ x x x a e '(" aceous pn-Aiplne basement Lciwer Palaeocene) lnlruJ ons Ed 0 Skm sampled section with NormapoDes Fig. l. Geological map with location of the sampled sections (Zagorchev et al., 2001) along the road from Strelcha towards Dyulevo, Systematic descriptions have yielded palynological assemblages repre sented mainly by pollen from the characteristic The descriptive terminology used here incorpo morphological group Normapolles. The strati rates the terms proposed by Goczan et al. graphic distribution of the registered Norma (1967). The taxonomic list follows the prag polles taxa suggests Lower Palaeocene, most matic alphabetical ordering of taxa suggested probably Danian for the conglomeratic forma by the same authors. tion. The location of the sections and sample positions are already discussed in Zagorchev et Stemma Normapolles Pflug, 1953b al. (2001) and are shown in Fig. 1. Genus lnterporopo/lenites Weyland & Krieger, Danian Normapolles are still not described 1953 from the Bulgarian territory. This publication Type species by original designation, p.20 is presents the results of their first study and has Interporopollenites proporus Weyland & two main objectives - description and illustra Krieger, 1953 from the Aachen Formation in tion of the species recorded and their correla Germany. tion to the already known assemblages of the same age in the Normapolles province (Hem lnterporopo/lenites fsp. 1 Kedves & Hemgreen, green & Chlonova, 1984) with emphasis of 1980 Pl. I, fig. 3 those from the type Maastrichtian and Danian & 1980. lnterporopollenites fsp. l Kedves & Herngreen, p. areas (Kedves, 1979; Kedves Herngreen, 528, pl. ll, figs . 35, 36; pl. 12, figs . l , 2. 1980). The samples were processed according to Description. Equatorial contour triangular standard palynological technique, including with rounded angles and slightly convex sides. HCL, HF treatment and heavy liquid separa The exine. is two - layered, both layers are of tion at the Palynological Laboratory, Geologi equal thickness. The inner contour is nearly cir cal Institute, BAS. The slides containing the il cular. The exogermina1s are oval, lifted in equa lustrated specimens are stored in the collections torial view and are closed by annulus-like thick of the Geological Institute, BAS as No ening. The endoapertures are large with strong MF.1.2002.8.1-4. thickening. No interloculum. 210 Stratigraphic range. Maastrichtian and Da Nudopollis endangulatus (Pflug, 1953a) Pflug, nian of Denmark and the Netherlands. 1953b from Eocene strata in Europe. Occurrence. Samples 1 (M - 1/2000), 2 (M - Nudopollis apertus (Pflug, 1953a) Pflug, 1953b 2/2000) and 4 (7 /99), conglomeratic formation. Pl. I, figs. 12, 13 Genus Oculopollis Pflug, 1953b 1953a. Extratriporopollenites apertus Pflug, p. 72, pl. 6, Type species by original designation, p. 110 is figs. 57 - 63. 1953b. Nudopollis apertus (Pflug) Pflug, p. 109, pl. 25, Oculopollis concentus Pflug, 1953b from the figs . 56 - 58. Aachen Formation in Germany. Type. Holotype is the specimen figured by Oculopollis extensus Weyland & Krieger, 1953 Pflug (1953a, p. 72, pl. 6, figs. 57, 58, 59). Pl. I, figs. 1, 2 Description. The equatorial contour is trian 1953. Oculopollis extensis Weyland & Krieger, p. 19, pl. 2, gular with concave sides. The surface is finely fig . 9. 1979. Oculopollisfsp. Kedves, p. 168, pl.l, figs. 5, 6. granulate. Inner contour .is nearly circular. The 1980. Oculopoliis extensus Weyland & Krieger; Kedves & exoapertures are long, narrow colpi with devel Herngreen, p. 500, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4. oped strong annulus. The endoapertures are Type. Holotype is· the specimen figured by pori with small atrium. Vestibulum and inter Weyland & Krieger (1953, p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 9). loculum are lacking. Weakly oculi are devel Description. Equatorial contour triangular oped. with concave sides. The surface is smooth. Ex Stratigraphic range. Maastrichtian to Middle tremely prominent aperture regions are very Paleocene in Europe. characteristic. Po1yanulate. The oculi are large Occurrence. Samples 2 (M - 2/2000) and 4 and prolongated, extending nearly to the centre. (7/ 99), conglomeratic formation. Small interloculum. Endanulus is not observed. Nudopollis thiergartii (R. Potonie, 1951) Pflug, Stratigraphic range. Senonian of Germany; 1953b Maastrichtian to middle Paleocene of Denmark Pl. I, figs . 10 , 11 and the Netherlands. · 1953b. Nudopollis thiergarti (R. Potonie) Pflug, p. 109, pl. Occurrence. 2 (M - 2/2000), conglomeratic 25, figs. 25 - 48. formation 1980. Nudopollis thiergartii subsp. thiergartii (R. Poto nie); Kedves & Herngreen, p. 522, pi: 9, figs . 13, 14. Oculopollis minoris W. Krutzsch, 1973 Pl. I, figs . 14,15 ' .· Type. Lectotype is the specimen figured by 1973. Oculopollis minoris W, Krutzsch, p.87, pl. 2, figs. 16- Pflug (1953b, p. 109, pl. 25, figs. 24, 31, 32, 44). 20. Description. Equatorial contour triangular 1979. Oculopollis minoris W. Krutzsch; Kedves, p. 168, pl. with straight to slightly convex sides. The sur 1, figs . 1, 2. face is finely rugulate. The exine is two-layered, 1980. Oculopollis minoris W. Krutzsch; Kedves & Herng reen, p. 500, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2. both layers are in close contact without forming an interloculum. The exoapertures are vertical Type. Holotype is the specimen figured by narrow colpi with several developed annuli and Krutzsch (1973, p. 87, pl. 2, figs. 16-20) small praevestibulum. The endoapertures are Description. Equatorial contour triangular very small without endannulus. Oculi are not with markedly convex sides. Inner contour is observed. nearly circular. The surface is fmely granulate. Stratigraphic range. Upper Maastrichtian to The oculi are very well developed, sculptured Middle Paleocene in Central Europe and The and extending almost up to the centre of the Netherlands. grain. Polyanulate. The interloculum and vesti Occurrence. Samples 2 (M- 2/ 2000) and 4 bulum are faint. The markedly developed oculi (7 I 99), conglomeratic formation. and largely convex sides are very characteristic for the species. Genus Plicapollis Pflug, 1953b Stratigraphic range. Maastrichtian to Middle Type species by original designation, p. 97 is Paleocene of Germany, Denmark and The Ne Plicapollis serta Pflug, 1953b from the Aachen therlands. Formation in Germany. Occurrence. Samples 1 (M-1/2000), 2 (M-2/ Plicapollis silicatus Pflug, 1953b 2000) and 3 (M-11/2000), conglomeratic forma Pl. I, figs. 4, 5 tion. 1953b. Plicapollis silicatus Pflug, p. 98, pl. 19, fig s. 11 - Genus Nudopollis Pflug, 1953b 15,21,22. 1953. Plicapollis silicatus Pflug; Weyland & Krieger, p. Type species by original designation, p. 108 is 14, pl. 2, figs. 53 , 54. 211 PLATE I I, 2. Oculopollis extensus Weyland & Krieger, sample M-2/2000, x 1000. 3. lnterporopollenites fsp. I Kedves & Herngreen, sample M -1/2000, x 1000. 4, 5. Plicapollis silicatus Pflug, sample M-1/2000, x 1000. 6. Trudopol/is hojrupensis Kedves, sample M-11/2000, x 1000. 7, 8, 9. Semioculopollis croxtoniae Kedves, sample M-2/2000, x 1000. 10, II. Nudopol/is thiergartii (R. Pot.) Pflug, sample M-2/2000, x 1000. 12, 13. Nudopol/is apertus (Pflug) Pflug, sample M-2{2000, x 1000. 14, 15. Oculopollis minoris W K.rutsch, sample M-1/2000, x 1000. 16. Thalassiphora pelagica Eisenack, sample M-11/2000, x 500. 17, 18. Trudopol/is arector Pflug, sample M-11/2000, x 1000. Type. Holotype is the specimen figured by Occurrence. Samples 1 (M-1/2000) and 2 (M- Pflug (1953b, p. 98, pl. 19, figs . 12, 15). 2/2000), conglomeratic formation. Description. Equatorial contour truncated tri Genus Trudopollis Pflug, 1953a emend. Krutzsch, angular with convex sides. The exine is two - 1967 layered, both layers are in close contact without forming an interloculum. The exoapertures are Type species by original designation, p. 98 is narrow colpi with developed annulus. Wide ves Trudopollis pertrudens (Pflug, 1953a) Pflug, tibulum is always present. The endoapertures l953b from the Palaeogene in Germany. are larger than the exoapertures. Clear and Trudopollis arector Pflug, 1953b thick plicae are very characteristic. Pl. I, figs. 17, 18 Remarks. The species Plicapollis silicatus is 1953b. Trudopollis arector Pflug, p. 101, pl. 23, figs. 16, 17. quite similar in its morphology to Plicapollis 1953. Trudopollis arector Pflug; Weyland & Krieger, p. serta Pflug, 1953b. The main difference is the 16, pl. 5, fig. 35. wide vestibulum for the former species. Type. Holotype is the specimen figured by Stratigraphic range. Campanian to early Ter Pflug (1953b, p. 101, pl. 23, figs. 16, 17). tiary in Europe. Description. Equatorial contour triangular Occurrence. Sample I (M - 1/2000), con with concave sides. The surface is punctate or glomeratic formation. very finely granulate. Inner contour with three Genus Semioculopollis Goczan, W Krutzsch & distinctive lobes. Exoapertures are narrow Pacltova, 1967 colpi. Several relatively small annuli. Narrow Type species by original designation, p. 503 is vestibulum, interloculum is lacking. Endoap Semioculopollis minutus W Krutzsch & ertures are pori. The endexine seems to be Pacltova, 1967 from borehole Pecak near continious in the germinal region. Prague. Stratigraphic range. Senonian of Germany; Paleocene of Kazakhstan and West Siberia. Semioculopollis croxtonae Kedves, 1979 Occurrence. Samples 2 (M-2/2000) and 3 (M Pl. I, figs. 7, 8, 9 ll/2000), conglomeratic formation. 1979. Semioculopol/is croxtonae Kedves, p. 168, pl. I, figs. 7, 8. Trudopollis hojrupensis Kedves, 1979 1980. Semioculopollis croxtonae Kedves; Kedves & Hem Pl. I, fig. 6 green, p. 500, pl. 6, figs. 5, 6. 1979. Trudopollis hojruperrsis Kedves, p. 170, pl. I, figs. Type. Holotype is the specimen figured by 15, 16. 1980. Trudopol/is hojrupensis Kedves; Kedves & Hem Kedves (1979, p. 168, pl.l, figs. 7, 8). green, p. 506, pl. 7, figs. 1-6. Description. Equatorial contour triangulate with convex sides. The surface is granulated to Type. Holotype is the specimen figured by finely verrucate. The exogerminals are narrow Kedves (1979, p. 170, pl. l, figs. 15, 16). colpi with expressed annulus. A narrow, com Description. Equatorial contour is triangular paratively long vestibulum could be easily ob with straight or somewhat convex sides. The served. The endoapertures are large with ex surface is finely granulate. The exine is two-lay pressed endannulus. The oculi are compara ered, both layers are of equal thickness. The tively large with undulating edges. exogerminals are narrow colpi with small annu Stratigraphic range. Maastrichtian to Danian lus. The endoapertures are broad pores. lnter of Denmark and the Netherlands. loculum is not observed. 212 PLATE I 4 5 7 Stratigraphic range. Maastrichtian of the mented in the uppermost Maastrichtian in Den Netherlands; Danian of Denmark. mark (Hansen, 1977). Occurrence. Samples 3 (M- 11/ 2000) and 4 Acknowledgements. I am gratefull to Prof. Zagorchev and (7/ 99), conglomeratic formation. Dr. Cernjavska for kindly providing me the samples for this study. Thanks are due also to E. Tomova for the sample processing. Discussion and age assessment The stratigraphic value of the discussed Norma References polles species as well as the age assessment of the Goczan, F., Groot, J., Pacltova B., Krutzsch, W 1967. Die whole assemblage is based on calibration of the Gattungen des ,Sterna Normapolles Pflug, 1953b" stratigraphic range of the taxa within the Norma (Angiospermae). Neubeschreibung und Revision polles province and especially in the type Maastri europaischer Formen (Oberkreide bis Eozan). chtian and Danian sections. Although poor, the as Paleontol. Abh., 2; 433-539. Hansen, J. I 977. Dinoflagellate stratigraphy and echinoid semblage contains good elements for correlation. distnbution in Upper Maastrichtian and Danian deposits Krutzsch (1966) first reported pollen assem from Denmark. -Bull. Geol. Soc. Denmark, 26, I · 2; I-26. blages from the Upper Maastrichtian and Herngreen, W.F.G, Chlonova, A.F. I 984. Cretaceous mjcro Danian from Northern Central Europe and no floral provinces. -Pollen et Spores, 23, 3-4; 441-555. ticed the richness in species of the Nudopollis Kedves, M. I 979. Palynological investigations on sedi ments of the Lower Danian (Fish Clay, Denmark). - genus in its 'Oebisfelder Bild'. Kedves (1979) Acta Miner. Petrograph. Szeged, 24, I; I 67- I 86. studied the Fish Clay in Denmark in detail. He Kedves, M., Herngreen, W.F.G. 1980. Palynology of the described more than 57 species characteristic stratotype of the Maastrichtian and the Gulp en Forma for the Lower Danian and also pointed out the tion, ENCI section, Maastricht, The Netherlands. - dominance of Nudopollis, Trudopollis and Pollen et Spores, 22, 3-4; 483-544. Krutzsch, W. I 966. Die Sporenstratigraphische Gliede Oculopollis representatives. Kedves & Hem rung der Oberkreide im nordlichen Mitteleuropa. green (1980) offered a firm palynological study Metodishe Grundlagen und gegenwartiger Stand der of . the Maastrichtian stratotype, ENCI - Untersuchungen. - Abh. Zentr. Geol. Inst. , 5; 11-137. quarry, the Netherlands, with emphasis of the Krutzsch, W. I 973. Ober einige neue Sporen und Pollen Normapolles taxa. They described more than 24 formen a us dem Maastricht Norddeutschlands. - Abh. genera and 54 species, thus providing good Zentr. Geol. Inst. , 18; 77·98. Pflug, H. D. I 953a. In: Thomson, P.W., Pflug, H.D. I 953. framework for further correlations. Pollen und Spores des mitteleuropliischen Tertiars. - The palynological assemblage from the con Palaeontogr. B, 95; l -138. glomeratic formation is characterized by the Pflug, H. D. I 953b. Zur Entstehung und Entwicklung des consistent occurrence of Nudopollis apertus, angiospermiden Pollens in der Erdgeschichte. Palaeontogr. B, 95; 60-171. Nudopollis thiergartii, Oculopollis minoris, Se Weyland, H., Krieger, W 1953. Die Sporen und Pollen mioculopollis croxtoniae and Interporopollenites der Aachener Kreide und ihre Bedeutung fur die spp. Most of the encountered species in it are Charakterisierung des Mittleren Senons. - Pala known from the latest Cretaceous to the Middle eontogr. B, 95; 6-29. Paleocene. Namely Nudopollis apertus, N. Zagorchev, 1., Pavlishina, P., Cernjavska, S., Boyanov, I., Goranov, A. 2001. First data on a Danian age of the thiergartii, Oculopollis minoris and 0. extensus conglomeratic formation near Panagyurishte and range from Maastrichtian to Middle Paleocene, Strelcha (Sredna-Gora Mountains). - C. R. Acad. Semioculopollis croxtoniae and Trudopollis bulg. Sci., 54, 8; 53-56. hojrupensis are restricted to the Maastrichtian Ana.Ll>KOBa-XpHc'fesa, K., He.LWIKosa, JI., UaHKOB, U. 1991. - Danian interval. The concurrent ranges of JlHTOCTpaTHrpa 214