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Bibliography Agriculture and Climate Change BIBLIOGRAPHY AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE KLAUS AMMANN, OUT OF WEB OF SCIENCE AND OTHER SOURCES, SUMMARY AND FULL TEXT LINKS P. AERNI (2011) Lock-in situations in the global debates on climate change, biotechnology and international trade: Evidence from a global stakeholder survey, draft report, NCCR Trade Regulation Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, 21, 38 The problem of man-made global climate change is strongly related to land-use practices and the global dependence on fossil fuels. Biotechnology is a platform technology that may help reduce greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture, improve adaptation to climate change, offer new sources of renewable energy and transform the current petrochemical industry into a less energy intensive biological industry. Yet, this potential is hardly ever discussed in the public debate on climate change because it is currently not associated with the term ‘cleantech’ that is used to describe climate-friendly technology. In our study we investigate the perceptions and interests of the main stakeholders involved in the global debate on biotechnology and climate change in order to better understand why ‘cleantech’ is currently not linked to ‘biotech’. For that purpose, we designed a global stakeholder survey which was completed online by 59 respondents representing 40 core institutions in the global sustainability debate. The response rate was above 80%. The survey results reveal that most stakeholders even in the climate change debate regard the potential of biotechnology to be significant. Yet, the results also show that one of the stakeholders that is assessed to be key in the biotechnology as well as the climate change debate and of central importance in the formation of global public opinion is also firmly opposed to the use of modern biotechnology to address climate change problems. The survey findings also indicate that the perception of biotechnology depends to a large extent on the educational background and the institutional affiliation of the respective respondent. Despite the generally favourable view of modern biotechnology as a tool to address climate change problems it is unlikely that it will be considered as being part of ‘cleantech’ any time soon unless influential opponents would change their attitudes. This is however not going to happen since the political and psychological costs to change their minds would be too high. It amounts to a typical lock-in situation. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Global-Warming/aerni-draft-report-biotech-climate-change-2011.pdf W. AESCHBACH-HERTIG (2007) Rebuttal of “On global forces of nature driving the Earth’s climate. Are humans involved?” by L. F. Khilyuk and G. V. Chilingar, Environmental Geology, 52, 5, 1007-1009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0519-3 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Global-Warming/Aeschback- Rebuttal-Chilinga-2006.pdf P. ALDHOUS (2008) COULD NEW GM CROPS PLEASE THE GREENS?, NEW SCIENTIST, 2637, 05. JANUARY 2008, 6 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Global-Warming/Aldhous-GM-crops-NewScientist-2008.pdf K. AMMANN (1972) Palynological Studies on Alpine Soil Profiles in Grimsel Pass, Berichte Der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, 85, 1-4, 11-12 <Go to ISI>://A1972O654700003 AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Oberaar/Oberaar-DBG-1972.pdf K. AMMANN (1979) Der Oberaargletscher im 18., 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie,, XII, 2, 253-291 Vegetationsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen im Gletscherhochtal der Oberaar (6 km WSW Grimselpaßhöhe im Aare- massiv) ließen es notwendig erscheinen, auch die Schwankungsgeschichte des Oberaargletschers, soweit sie durch hi-storische Dokumente erfaßbar ist, näher zu beleuchten. Anhand von ungefähr 30 verschiedenen Bild-, Schrift-, Karten-, Relief- und Fotodokumenten konnten bisher drei Vorstoßperioden in Zusammenhang mit der Bildung der Moränenwäl-le 1 - 4 gebracht werden. 1. Maximalvorstoß für das Postglazial: um 1860. Bildung des Walles W l. Zerstören der Wälle Wa und Wb. 2. Rückzugshalt oder Vorstoß um 1890 nach Rückzug um 1880. Bildung der Wälle W 2 und W 3 um 1890. 3. Letzter Vorstoß um 1920, Bildung des Walles W 4. Zusätzliche Details sind der Zusammenstellung in den Abschnitten 3, 4 und 5 und der Abb. 19 zu entnehmen. Aus diesen zeitlichen Einstufungen der Moränenwälle W 1 bis W 4 folgen die Maximalalter der jeweiligen Vorfelder 1 - 3: Vorfeld 1 (innerhalb Moräne W 1): um 110 Jahre (98-115 Jahre). Vorfeld 2 (innerhalb Moränen W2 und W3): 75-90 Jahre. Vorfeld 3 (innerhalb Moräne W 4): 50 Jahre und jünger. In einem Anhang (Abschnitt 7) und auch in der Einleitung werden einige bisherige Ergebnisse und der gesamte Rahmen des vegetationsgeschichtlichen Untersuchungsprogramms kurz vorgestellt: 7.1. Die heutige Vegetation der Oberaar. 7.2. Pollenmorphologie der Grimselflora. 7.3. Oberflächen-Pollenproben und Pollenanalysen zweier Profile. THE VARIATIONS OF THE OBERAAR GLACIER DURING THE 18TH, 19 TH AND 20TH CENTURY SUMMARY In order to study the history of plant communities in the Oberaar Valley (Switzerland, 6 km WSW Grimsel pass) it was necessary to also consider the glacial variation of the nearby Oberaar Glacier. Moraines l- 4 were dated and the maximum age of the subsequent forefields l- 3 estimated, using about 30 documents (photographs, engravings, maps, reliefs, unpublished and published accounts). Glacial variations resulting in moraines seen today were as follows : 1. Maximum advance in postglacial times: About 1860. Produced moraine (“Wall”) W 1, destroyed moraines Wa and Wb. 2. Advance or stationary phase until about 1890. Formation of moraines W2 and W3 around 1890. 3. Last advance about 1920, formation of moraine W 4. For additional information see chapters 3, 4 and 5 and graph fig. 19. From those moraine dates the following maximum ages of the forefields 1- 3 can be derived : Forefield 1 (inside moraine W1): About 110 years (98-115 years). Forefield 2 (inside moraine W2 and 3): 75-90 years. Forefield 3 (inside moraine W 4) : 50 years and younger. In the introduction and the appendix (chapter 7) the structure of the research program is given in rough outlines and some preliminary results are presented: 7.1. Present vegetation of the Oberaar Valley. 7.2. Pollen morphology of the Grimsel flora. 7.3. Modern surface samples and pollen analyses of two profiles. LES OSCILLATIONS DU GLACIER DE L’OBERAAR PENDANT LES 18 ÉME, 19 ÉME ET 20 ÉME SIÈCLES RÉSUMÉ Pour étudier l’histoire de la végétation alpine de l’Oberaar (6 km 080 a la hauteur du col du Grimsel) il s’est avéré néces- saire de prendre en considération les oscillations du glacier de l’Oberaar. La formation des moraines 1-4 et l’8ge maximum des champs préglaciaires furent détermines au moyen d’environs 30 documents différents (photographies, gravures, cartes, reliefs, rapports publies et non publies). Les variations du glacier formant des moraines visibles aujourd’ hui sont les suivantes: 1. Avancée maximum du postglaciaire: Vers 1860 avec formation de la moraine W 1 (“Wall 1”) et destruction des moraines Wa et Wb. 2. Avancée ou phase stationnaire des années 1890: formation des moraines W2 et W3. 3. Dernière avancée vers 1920: formation de la moraine W 4. On trouvera des renseignements supplémentaires dans les chapitres 3, 4 et 5 et dans la fig. 19. D’après les dates des moraines on peut dériver les âges maximum des champs préglaciaires 1-3: Champ préglaciaire 1 (dans le cirque de la moraine 1) environ 110 ans (98-115 ans). Champ préglaciaire 2 (dans le cirque des moraines 2 et 3) 75-90 ans. Champ préglaciaire 3 (dans le cirque de la moraine 4) 50 ans ou moins. Dans l’introduction et l’appendice (chapitre 7) un aperçu du programme de recherche et quelques résultats préliminaires sont donnes: 7.1. Végétation récente de la Vallée de l’Oberaar. 7.2. Morphologie des pollens de la flore du Grimsel. 7.3. Quelques spectres polliniques d’échantillons de surface et analyse pollinique de deux profils. http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Oberaar/Ammann-Oberaar-History-1979.pdf K. AMMANN (1979) Gletschernahe Vegetation der Oberaar, einst und jetzt, Werden und Vergehen von Pflanzengesellschaften, O. u. T. Wilmans, R., Rinteln, 20.-23. März 1978, Germany, J. CRAMER In der A.R. Gantner Verlag Kommanditgesellschaft, 227-251 In einem längerfristigen Forschungsvorhaben wird der Dynamik gletschernaher Vegetation nachgegangen. Um den säkularen Vegetationswandel pollenanalytisch, in Bodenprofilen besser beurteilen zu können, bot sich das Studium von Sukzessionsvorgängen an, wie sie, durch historische erfassbare Zungenschwankungen verursacht, noch heute im Vorfeld des Oberaargletschers ablaufen. Dazu war es notwendig, das Alter der Moränen und ihrer dazu gehörigen Vorfelder mit Hilfe von historischen Quellen möglichst genau zu erfassen. Das Forschungsvorhaben gliedert sich somit In 3 Hauptteile (zugleich Kapitelübersicht für diesen Beitrag): 1. Historische Schwankungen des Oberaargletschers, das Alter der Moränen und Vorfelder in der Oberaar. 2. Die heutige Vegetation des Gletschervorfeldes und seiner näheren Umgebung, zur Sukzessionsgeschwindigkeit einiger Vegetationstypen. 3. Pollenanalysen an einem gletschernahen Bodenprofil, der säkulare Wandel gletschernaher Vegetation. http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Oberaar/Ammann-Oberaar-Vegetation-1979.pdf K. AMMANN (1981) Die Vegetation der Oberaar in Abhaengigkeit von Klima- und Gletscherschwankungen, Dissertation Universität Bern, Systematisch-Geobotanisches Institut der Universitaet Bern, Bern, University of Bern, 66 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Oberaar/Ammann-Thesis-Oberaar-1981.pdf
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