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Sieve Analysis, Bulk Density & Turbidity

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Sieve Analysis, Bulk Density & Turbidity Prepared For: Example Client SAMPLE EVALUATION & Field Sample Reference Code: ####### COMPARATIVE MARKET Winkler County, Texas ANALYSIS August 14, 2017 CLIENT PROPERTY CORE #-- DEPTH: #’-##’ DETERMINATION OF VIABILITY FOR USE AS API COMPLIANT FRAC SAND (API RP 19C) August 14, 2017 Mr. John Doe Example Client 123 ABC Lane Austin, TX 78746 Dear Mr. Doe, Preliminary testing of the Core #-- sample, as requested by Example Client, was performed to determine its viability for use as frac sand. A series of sieve tests were carried out on a washed sample, gathered at a depth range of #-## feet, to generate a full grain size distribution profile using 14 US standard mesh sizes. The sample was split into 40/70 and 70/140 API designated size ranges, and tested to determine roundness/sphericity, bulk density, and turbidity. The results of these tests are summarized on the following pages. A Comparative Market Analysis is contained within this report that provides an overview of the properties of the submitted sample relative to published data from major suppliers of sand proppants. It has been a pleasure to assist Example Client with this analysis. Please call or email if you have any questions or need clarification. Sincerely, Certified By: Lonquist & Co., LLC Texas Registration No. F-8952 Stephen L. Pattee, P.G. Petroleum and Mining Engineer Lonquist & Co., LLC 3345 Bee Cave Road, Suite 201 Austin, Texas, USA 78746 Date Signed: 8/1/2017 Nathaniel L. Byars, P.E. Staff Engineer Texas License No. 118890 SRC: ##### - #-- – #’-##’ 8/14/2017 Example Client Page 2 of 16 Contents Background: .................................................................................................................................... 3 Procedures: ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Summary of Results ........................................................................................................................ 6 Table 1: Tabular Summary of All Tests Performed.................................................................... 6 Comparative Market Analysis ........................................................................................................ 7 Figure 1: Comparison of Properties of 40/70 Mesh Sample to Current Published Data ............ 7 Figure 2: Comparison of Properties of 70/140 Mesh Sample to Current Published Data .......... 8 Results ............................................................................................................................................. 9 Table 2: Tabular data for Washed Sample Test Results ............................................................. 9 Figure 3: Sieve Analysis of Washed Sample ............................................................................ 10 Figure 4: Sieve Analysis, Bulk Density & Turbidity - API 40/70 Mesh Sample ..................... 11 Figure 5: Krumbien/Sloss Sphericity and Roundness - API 40/70 Mesh Sample .................... 12 Figure 6: Additional Sample Images - API 40/70 Mesh Sample .............................................. 13 Figure 7: Sieve Analysis, Bulk Density & Turbidity - API 70/140 Mesh Sample ................... 14 Figure 8: Krumbien/Sloss Sphericity and Roundness - API 70/140 Mesh Sample .................. 15 Figure 9: Additional Sample Images - API 70/140 Mesh Sample ............................................ 16 SRC: ##### - #-- – #’-##’ 8/14/2017 Example Client Page 3 of 16 Background: This sample was collected during the drilling of Test Core #-- on the Client property in Winkler County, Texas on March 25, 2017. Drilling was performed using a sonic drilling rig to collect a continuous core sample from the formation. Core was retrieved in approximately ten-foot sections, evaluated and catalogued by an on-site geoscientist, and packaged for storage/shipping. Core holes were drilled until red-bed clay or caliche was encountered. The below stratigraphic column depicts geologic assessments made in the field and highlights the segment of core that was mixed and sampled for the purpose of this analysis. It has been assigned a Field Sample Reference Code (SRC) of: ###### - #-- – #’-##’ Sand Sample No. ## SRC: ##### - #-- – #’-##’ 8/14/2017 Example Client Page 4 of 16 Instructions were to perform preliminary testing to determine the viability of the sand source for use as proppant material in hydraulic fracturing. A Comparative Market Analysis has been provided to convey an indication of the suitability of the properties tested relative to published data from major suppliers of raw sand proppant (not resin-coated). Procedures: It is typical to weigh, dry, and reweigh the sample to determine percent moisture; however, foreign water content was introduced to the sample during drilling, invalidating the utility of this metric. Instead, testing began with light milling of clumped material and washing of the sample over a 200 mesh sieve in order to provide a general representation of a product that has been processed in a wash plant, with regard to removal of fines content (clay and silt) and oversize content (from clustering due to clay cementation and organic sediment). Prior to, and after washing, the sample was dried and weighed to provide a mass loss percentage indicating the ratio of material that is likely to be removed in the field during processing. The sample was then reduced through a riffle splitter to obtain a random sample for further testing. A sieve analysis was performed through a series of tests utilizing a total of 14 US designated mesh sizes. The sample was split into two API designated size ranges, 40/70 and 70/140 as indicated in the below table. A random sampling of the material from each of these samples was then used to determine bulk density, turbidity, and sphericity/roundness. SRC: ##### - #-- – #’-##’ 8/14/2017 Example Client Page 5 of 16 For the sphericity and roundness analysis, twenty (20) particles were randomly selected from a micrograph of each sample to determine average particle shape. Each particle was compared to reference charts depicting geometries with numerically calculated values, such as the Krumbien/Sloss charts shown below. Any visual evidence of particle clustering due to cementation from carbonates or clays was also noted in this analysis, as it may affect particle size distribution and bulk density results and also lead to elevated turbidity. Sphericity Roundness W. C. Krumbein Roundness Chart SRC: ##### - #-- – #’-##’ 8/14/2017 Example Client Page 6 of 16 Summary of Results Table 1: Tabular Summary of All Tests Performed Results Summary Field Sample Name HR-SH7Sand Sample - #11 No. - 0'-17'## Field Sample Reference Code 2017-0525-HR-SH7Reference No. - ###11 - 0'-17' Post-Wash Mass Loss 10.1% Mean Particle Diameter 0.222 mm Median Particle Diameter 0.210 mm Silica Content (wt %) SiO2 not tested Mesh Size Cut (API RP 19C) 40/70 70/140 % In-size (wt %) 46.5% 49.1% % Over-size (wt %) 1.7% 48.2% % Fines (wt %) 51.8% 2.6% Krumbein Roundness 0.6 0.6 Krumbein Sphericity 0.7 0.7 (lbs/ft3) 92.1 90.0 Bulk Density (g/cm3) 1.48 1.44 Turbidity (FTU) 10 11.1 Crush Resistance Factor psi not tested not tested 2,000 psi not tested not tested 4,000 psi not tested not tested 6,000 psi not tested not tested Conductivity 8,000 psi not tested not tested 10,000 psi not tested not tested 12,000 psi not tested not tested 2,000 psi not tested not tested 4,000 psi not tested not tested 6,000 psi not tested not tested Permeability 8,000 psi not tested not tested 10,000 psi not tested not tested 12,000 psi not tested not tested Specific Gravity not tested not tested Acid Solubility (wt %) not tested not tested SRC: ##### - #-- – #’-##’ 8/14/2017 Example Client Page 7 of 16 Comparative Market Analysis Figure 1: Comparison of Properties of 40/70 Mesh Sample to Current Published Data Comparative Market Analysis - 40/70 Mesh Size HR-SH7 R- ef#11erence - 0'-17' No. ## - 40/70 Physical Properties Conductivity Permeability HR-SH7 - #11 0'-17' - - #11 HR-SH7 Farimount Texas Gold Fairmount Northern White US Silica Premium Hickory Brady Unifrac Unimin 0'-17' - - #11 HR-SH7 Unimin Unifrac Farimount Texas Gold Fairmount Northern White US Silica Premium Hickory US Silica White Brady Unifrac Unimin Unimin Unifrac US Silica White HR-SH7 - #11 0'-17' - - #11 HR-SH7 Unimin Unifrac Farimount Texas Gold Fairmount Northern White US Silica Premium Hickory US Silica White Brady Unifrac Unimin 12 K 1,600 2,000 psi 100 2,000 psi 10 K 1,200 8 K 75 6 K ft 800 - 50 psi 4 K md 400 Darcys 25 2 K 0 K 0 0 Not Tested Not Tested Not Tested Crush K-FactorCrush 0 K 0 0 Min API 0.8 1,200 allowance 4,000 psi 80 4,000 psi 0.7 900 0.6 60 ft 0.5 - 600 40 0.4 md 0.6 300 Darcys 20 Roundness 0.3 0 0 Not Tested 0.2 0 Not Tested 0 0.9 800 60 Min API 6,000 psi 6,000 psi 0.8 allowance 600 45 0.7 ft - 400 30 0.6 md 0.7 200 Darcys 15 Sphericity 0.5 0 0 Not Tested 0.4 0 0 Not Tested 1.60 600 8,000 psi 8,000 psi 30 1.50 3 400 20 ft 1.40 - g/cm md 200 1.48 1.30 Darcys 10 0 0 Bulk Density 1.20 0 Not Tested 0 Not Tested Max API allowance 250 400 10,000 psi 25 10,000 psi 200 300 20 3 150 15 ft - 200 100 g/cm 10 md Darcys Turbidity 50 100 5 0 0 10 Not AdvertisedNot Not AdvertisedNot Not Tested 0 0 Not Tested 0 5.0% 300 20 12,000 psi 12,000 psi 4.0% 15 Max API allowance 200 3.0% ft - 10 2.0% md 100 1.0% Darcys 5 0 0 0.0% Not AdvertisedNot AdvertisedNot AdvertisedNot AdvertisedNot AdvertisedNot AdvertisedNot Not Tested Not Tested Not Tested Acid Solubility 0.0% 0 0 SRC: ##### - #-- – #’-##’ 8/14/2017 Example Client Page 8 of 16 Figure 2: Comparison of Properties of 70/140 Mesh Sample to Current Published Data Comparative Market Analysis - 100 Mesh Size HR-SH7 -R #11eference - 0'-17' No. ## - 70/140 Physical Properties Conductivity Permeability Hi Crush Whitehall 50/140 Preferred Genoa 50/140 50/140 Sand Mississippi BadgerFrac T-Grd. 50/140 0'-17' - - #11 HR-SH7 Hi Crush Wyeville 50/140 Hi Crush Blair 50/140 Hi Crush Whitehall 50/140 Preferred Genoa 50/140 50/140 Sand Mississippi BadgerFrac T-Grd.
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