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Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey

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Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey 2017 NATIONAL FINDINGS PUBLIC HEALTH WORKFORCE INTERESTS AND NEEDS SURVEY PH WINS | SURVEY REPORT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW ...........................................................................3 ABOUT THE SURVEY ........................................................4 KEY FINDINGS ....................................................................5 WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS .....................................6 SATISFACTION AND ENGAGEMENT ...............................8 INTENT TO LEAVE ...............................................................9 TRAINING NEEDS .............................................................10 EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PUBLIC HEALTH ...............11 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ..........................12 PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE .....................................13 METHODS ..........................................................................14 THE ORGANIZATIONS BEHIND THE SURVEY ...........15 2 PH WINS | SURVEY REPORT OVERVIEW Americans today live in communities increasingly impacted by evolving public health challenges. Whether the threat is obesity, pollution, substance abuse, or violence, nearly every government, institution, and family is afected by nascent health crises. Taken cumulatively, the strain on the country’s financial and professional resources by these and other conditions is often described as the current “national health crisis,” with an impact predicted to drive U.S. healthcare costs to 20 percent of GDP by 2020. 1 For decades, confronting this negative trend at the national level has informed PARTICIPATING presidential administrations, CDC policies, and numerous blue-ribbon commissions. But for communities and families with the everyday consequences of issues like unsafe ORGANIZATIONS: food and water, pollution, and preventable disease, their frontline defense is the state and local public health professional. Across the country, more than 200,000 public Association of State health professionals work to guide health policies, monitor and respond to health and Territorial Health threats, and improve the health of all Americans. Ofcials: chief health ofcials of the U.S. states, As the country’s response to our health challenges evolves, it’s important to track the territories, and the District public health workforce. Just as the manufacturing and technology sectors monitor of Columbia, who oversee the recruitment and retention of science, technology, and engineering professionals – more than 100,000 public whose availability is considered a vital measure of the country’s current and future eco- health professionals nomic health – so should the nation’s public health workforce be assessed for its ability to serve the states and communities afected by the nation’s most urgent health issues. National Association of County & City Health To that end, the de Beaumont Foundation and the Association of State and Territorial Ofcials: nearly 2,800 Health Ofcials (ASTHO) launched the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs city, county, metropolitan, Survey (PH WINS) for the frst time in 2014. This is the second report, sharing fndings district, and tribal health from the 2017 survey, which expanded to include local health department staf. The departments, with nearly survey was felded in cooperation with ASTHO, the National Association of County & 150,000 employees City Health Ofcials (NACCHO), and the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC). The report includes insights on what motivates and inspires public health professionals and identi- Big Cities Health fes signifcant gaps and opportunities to strengthen the workforce. We hope that health Coalition: top health ofcials, policymakers, and other stakeholders concerned with the nation’s health will ofcials in 30 largest consider these trends when formulating budgets, policies, and regulations that may help U.S. cities address the country’s need for safe, healthy communities. 1 https://www.healthafairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20180904.457305/full/ PH WINS | SURVEY REPORT 3 ABOUT THE SURVEY America’s public health workforce plays a vital role in protecting the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, work, and play. Public health professionals protect and improve community health by: Preventing disease Promoting health Protecting communities Building partnerships and well-being The Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS), the only nationally representative survey of state and local public health workers, reveals important data and trends that can inform leadership decisions and strengthen the health of communities nationwide. The survey provides high-quality, actionable data on attitudes, morale, and climate among the public health workforce and identifes gaps in skills and experience. State and local agencies, the federal government, foundations, and others have used fndings from PH WINS to identify and address training needs and to prepare the workforce for the future. For the 2017 PH WINS survey, 47 state health agencies and 25 large-city agencies participated. For the frst time, the survey also included workers in a nationally representative sample of local health departments with at least 25 staf and serving a jurisdiction of at least 25,000. NATIONAL PARTICIPATION MAP PARTICIPATING STATES LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS BCHC CITIES 4 PH WINS | SURVEY REPORT KEY FINDINGS Despite high levels of job satisfaction, a large proportion of workers are considering leaving their jobs in the next year. Top reasons include dissatisfaction with pay, lack of opportunity for advancement, and workplace environment. The majority of workers are satisfied with their jobs, but are less satisfied with their organizations and even less so with their pay. Workers indicate a high level of engagement, but do not believe that creativity and innovation are rewarded or that communication between senior leadership and staf is good. The top areas of training needs are budgeting and financial management, systems and strategic thinking, change management, and developing a vision for a healthy community. Demographically, the workforce is not representative of the nation in terms of gender or age. PH WINS | SURVEY REPORT 5 WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS The governmental public health workforce is predominantly white, female, and over the age of 40. However, when comparing diferent segments of the workforce, key diferences emerge: Gender inGender the public in the health public workforce health workforce RESPONDENTSRESPONDENTS U.S. CENSUSU.S. CENSUS 21% 21% FEMALE FEMALE 36% 36%For every 100For every 100For every 100For every 100 51% 49%51% VS.49% VS. 64% 64% male workers,male workers,female workers,female workers, MALE MALE 79% 79% 4 reach the4 reach theonly 2 reachonly 2 reach highest levelhighest levelthat level that level of leadershipof leadership �U.S. WORKFORCE�U.S. WORKFORCE� �� PUBLIC �HEALTHPUBLIC � HEALTH � �PUBLIC �HEALTHPUBLIC �HEALTH � WORKFORCEWORKFORCE EXECUTIVES BYEXECUTIVES GENDER BY GENDER The workforce is aging. • A larger proportion of the workforce in local U.S. WORKFORCE WHITE health departments is female (83%), compared 0.6% SILENT/GREATEST 2% with state health agencies (72%) and BCHC 37% BABY BOOMERS 25% health departments (75%). 40% GEN X 33% 22% Race/EthnicityMILLENNIALS 35% • The workforce in BCHC health departments 0.2% POST-MILLENNIALS 5% 44++3+ AMERICAN INDIAN is predominantly made up of people of color, /ALASKA NATIVE 2+ RACES with approximately one-third of the workforce 47 MEDIAN AGE 42 (32%) identifying as white. That number is 64% NATIVE HAWAIIAN HISPANIC /PACIFIC ISLANDER in state health agencies and 56% in local /LATINO ASIAN health departments. BLACK Millennials are the /AFRICANlargest AMERICANgroup in the U.S. workforce but are underrepresented The workforce is generally well educated, with in the public health workforce. 30% of the workforce having a master’s degree or higher. However, only 14% of the workforce The workforce is has formal training in public health. well educated. • A larger proportion of the state employees (39%) 30% 5% DOCTORAL have an advanced degree and BCHC employees (37%) have an advanced MASTERS degree – more than local employees (25%). 25% Additionally, 19% of the state and BCHC 37% BACHELORS Only 14% have formal public health training workforces have a degree in public health, 15% ASSOCIATES despite a 300% increase compared with 12% for local workers. 18% NO COLLEGE in public health graduates since 1992. 5 years or less 20+ years Tenure in: CURRENT ROLE 60% 7% 6 PH WINS | SURVEY REPORT CURRENT AGENCY 43% 14% PUBLIC HEALTH 30% 21% Average tenure in a position is just over 7 years. AGE TENURE IN PUBLIC HEALTH 20 OR BELOW .21% 0-5 YEARS 30% 21-25 2% 6-10 YEARS 18% 26-30 8% 11-15 YEARS 15% 31-35 10% 16-20 YEARS 14% 36-40 13% 21+ YEARS 22% 41-45 11% 46-50 13% HIGHEST DEGREE ATTAINED 51-55 15% NO COLLEGE DEGREE 18% 56-60 15% ASSOCIATES 15% 61-65 10% BACHELORS 37% 66-70 2% MASTERS 25% 71-75 .58% DOCTORAL 5% 76 OR ABOVE .2% PUBLIC HEALTH DEGREE GENDER YES 14% MALE 21% NO 86% FEMALE 78% NON-BINARY 1% ANNUALIZED SALARY LESS THAN $25,000 4% RACE $25,000-$34,999 16% AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE .4% $35,000-$44,999 18% ASIAN 6% $45,000-$54,999 18% BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 15% $55,000-$64,999 14% HISPANIC OR LATINO 13% $65,000-$74,999 10% NATIVE HAWAIIAN/ PACIFIC ISLANDER .42% $75,000-$84,999 7% WHITE 59% $85,000-$94,999 5% TWO OR MORE RACES 6% $95,000-$104,999 4% $105,000-$114,999 2% POSITION TYPE $115,000-$124,999 1% ADMINISTRATIVE 40% $125,000-$134,999 .55% CLINICAL
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