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Corruption Prevention in the Education, Extractive and Police Sectors in Eastern Europe And OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia Corruption Prevention in the Education, Extractive and Police Sectors in Eastern Europe and Central Asia OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia Corruption Prevention in the Education, Extractive and Police Sectors in Eastern Europe and Central Asia About the OECD The OECD is a forum in which governments compare and exchange policy experiences, identify good practices in light of emerging challenges, and promote decisions and recommendations to produce better policies for better lives. The OECD’s mission is to promote policies that improve economic and social well-being of people around the world. Find out more at www.oecd.org. About the Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia Established in 1998, the main objective of the Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN) is to support its member countries in their efforts to prevent and fight corruption. It provides a regional forum for the promotion of anti-corruption activities, the exchange of information, elaboration of best practices and donor coordination via regional meetings and seminars, peer-learning programmes, and thematic projects. ACN also serves as the home for the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan. Find out more at www.oecd.org/corruption/acn/. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2017), Corruption Prevention in the Education, Extractive and Police Sectors in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This report is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. © OECD 2017 2 CORRUPTION PREVENTION IN THE EDUCATION? EXTRACTIVES AND POLICE SECTORS IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA © OECD 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Focus sectors for anti-corruption policies in ACN countries ....................................................................... 8 EDUCATION ................................................................................................................................................ 10 Sector Definition and Description.............................................................................................................. 10 Nature, Risks and Consequences of Corruption in Education ................................................................... 11 Methodologies for Studying Corruption Risks in Education ..................................................................... 13 Policies and Case Studies from ACN Countries National Policies ............................................................ 15 Civil Society Initiatives.............................................................................................................................. 20 Codes of Ethics .......................................................................................................................................... 22 Case Studies ............................................................................................................................................... 22 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 24 References .................................................................................................................................................. 26 EXTRACTIVES ............................................................................................................................................ 28 Sector Definition and Description.............................................................................................................. 28 Nature, Risks and Consequences of Corruption in Extractives ................................................................. 29 Policies, Practices and Case Studies from ACN countries ........................................................................ 31 Kyrgyzstan Interactive Map of Deposits ................................................................................................... 33 Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives ..................................................................................................................... 33 Action by National NGOs .......................................................................................................................... 39 Action by Private Companies .................................................................................................................... 40 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 40 References .................................................................................................................................................. 42 POLICE ......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Sector Definition and Description.............................................................................................................. 44 Nature, Risks and Consequences of Corruption in the Police ................................................................... 45 Policies, Practices and Case Studies from ACN countries ........................................................................ 46 Case Studies ............................................................................................................................................... 51 Romania ..................................................................................................................................................... 55 Ukraine ....................................................................................................................................................... 59 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 62 References .................................................................................................................................................. 64 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................. 66 CORRUPTION PREVENTION IN THE EDUCATION? EXTRACTIVES AND POLICE SECTORS IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA © OECD 2017 3 ACRONYMS CAER Centre for Analysis and Evaluation of Reforms, Moldova CRIRSCO Committee on International Standards of Accountability on Mineral Resources and Deposits DEMO Democracy Education Centre, Mongolia EITI Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative INTES Integrity of Education Systems OSI AFA Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation Armenia NAUKMA National University of "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", Ukraine NRGI Natural Resource Governance Institute OSCE Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe SSAC Azerbaijan's State Students Admission Commission PWYP “Publish What You Pay" Coalition UNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia USETI Standardised External Testing Initiative, Ukraine 4 CORRUPTION PREVENTION IN THE EDUCATION? EXTRACTIVES AND POLICE SECTORS IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA © OECD 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The National Co-ordinators of the ACN and other stakeholders submitted filled-out scoping questionnaires on policies and tools used in their countries: Mr. Suren Krmoyan, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Justice of Armenia, Mr. Karen Zadoyan, President of Armenian Lawyers' Association, Co- ordinator of the Secretariat of CSO Anti-Corruption Coalition of Armenia; Mr. Sead Lisak, Director, and Ms. Vesna Vujičić, Expert Adviser, Agency for the Prevention of Corruption and Coordination of the Fight against Corruption of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Mr. Florian Florov, Chief Expert, “International Legal Cooperation and European Affairs” Directorate, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Bulgaria; Ms. Maja Baričević, Head of Sector for Anti-Corruption, Ministry of Justice of Croatia; Ms. Kätlin-Chris Kruusmaa, Adviser, Analysis Division, Criminal Policy Department, Ministry of Justice of Estonia; Ms. Aigerim Parmenova, Head of Department of External Analysis of Corruption Risks, Ministry of Civil Service of Kazakhstan, Mr. Yuri Krivodanov , Project Manager, Director of the Public Association “Blago”, Kazakhstan; Mr. Arslan Khurshudov, Senior Prosecutor, General Prosecutor’s Office of Kyrgyzstan; Ms. Jyldyz Toraliyeva, Director, NGO "Result", Kyrgyzstan; Ms. Irina Goncharova, Procurement Specialist, World Bank Country Office in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Mrs. Sintija Helviga - Eihvalde, Senior International Relations Officer, Corruption Prevention
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