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Leading the World in Moly Brochure LEADING THE WORLD IN MOLY INTRODUCTION There is a growing global demand for molybdenum, a versatile element with diverse applications in the chemical, engineering and petroleum industries. Molybdenum and its alloys are key components in chemical and metallurgical applications. Climax Molybdenum Company, a subsidiary of Freeport- McMoRan, is one of the world’s leading molybdenum producers. From our early beginnings in Colorado, Climax Molybdenum has grown into a global, diversified company with downstream operations and a proven commercial presence worldwide. Climax Mine, Colorado 1918 CLIMAX MINE BEGINS PRODUCTION On April 2, 1918, Climax ships its first concentrate totaling 21,000 pounds with a market value of $100,000. Climax is a major contributor to the allied war effort Molybdenum first discovered on Bartlett Mountain. First stakes claimed mine. during World War I. 1879 1890 1918 Climax Molybdenum 1 Our operations in North America and upgraded molybdenum chemical products. South America include both primary The Climax Stowmarket plant in the and by-product molybdenum mines. United Kingdom provides ferromolybdenum and Climax Molybdenum B.V. in the GLOBAL OPERATIONS We are also one of the leading global Netherlands produces technical molybdic producers of molybdenum with chemical oxide, ammonium dimolybdate and pure and metallurgical products manufactured molybdic oxide. at our production facilities in the United States and Europe. Our Fort Madison’s Serving customers worldwide, Climax conversion capabilities provide Climax Molybdenum’s resources are well positioned Molybdenum with a premier source for to maintain molybdenum production rates for decades to come. ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS Roasting, Chemicals HENDERSON, COLORADO Primary Mine CLIMAX, COLORADO Primary Mine PHOENIX, ARIZONA Global Headquarters, Sales Office SIERRITA, ARIZONA By-product Mine Roasting SAHUARITA, ARIZONA TOKYO, JAPAN Technical Center Representative Office BAGDAD, ARIZONA By-product Mine Pressure Leach FORT MADISON, IOWA Roasting, Chemicals STOWMARKET, UNITED KINGDOM CERRO VERDE, PERU Ferromolybdenum SHANGHAI, CHINA By-product Mine Sales Office Representative Office 2 Climax Molybdenum Climax Molybdenum 3 MINING AND DOWN STREAM PRODUCTION Climax Molybdenum operates the Henderson Mine and Mill in the Rocky Mountains, west of Denver. It is the world’s largest primary producer of molybdenum and has been in operation since 1976. Henderson has the capability to produce between 30 and 40 million pounds of molybdenum per year. Separated by the Continental Divide, the Henderson Mine and Mill are connected by one of the world’s longest conveyor systems, a 10 mile elevated belt that runs underneath the Continental Divide and emerges above ground for the final five miles. Our Climax mine near Leadville, Colorado, restarted in 2012 and has a potential production capacity of 30 million pounds per year. 1945 WORLD’S LARGEST MINE Climax becomes the world’s largest underground mine. Henderson Mine, Colorado 1945 Climax Molybdenum 5 CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF MOLYBDENUM CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF MOLYBDENUM CATALYSTS METAL PRODUCTS LUBRICANTS CORROSION INHIBITION SMOKE SUPPRESSANTS PIGMENTS Molybdenum chemicals are used Molybdenum metal and alloys are The naturally occurring form Molybdate, usually in the form Molybdenum in the form of Historically Molybdenum in the production of catalysts for used in a number of important of molybdenum (MoS2) is an of Sodium Molybdate, is used as Ammonium Octomolybdate (AOM) compounds have been used a variety of reactions, notably end products including lamp important solid lubricant used an anodic corrosion inhibitor in or Molybdic Oxide is used as a in pigments generally called hydrotreating and selective applications, glass melting primarily for reduction of wear aqueous systems, such as cooling smoke suppressant in plastics, Molybdenum Orange, for use in oxidation. The increasingly stringent electrodes and electronic devices. and friction, and maintains good water treatments and automobile especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). paints, plastics and inks providing a requirements for low sulfur fuel oils, The characteristics of molybdenum lubricating performance in tough anti-freeze/coolant products. It is Common applications include wire reddish hue, cleanliness and striking gasoline and diesel fuel make this metal powders are determined conditions. Molybdenum complexes, effective in inhibiting corrosion of and cable for use in plenum spaces, colors. White corrosion inhibiting application a particularly important not only by the process conditions soluble in petroleum oils and steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper, interiors of mass transit vehicles, pigments are used as paint primers use for molybdenum. during reduction, but also by the other organic solvents, are finding brass, cadmium and solder, and carpet backing for commercial and other Molybdenum compounds physical and chemical properties of increased use as antiwear and is typically used with other grades of vinyl backed carpet, and are important components in the starting materials. extreme pressure additives as well corrosion inhibitors. building materials for interior use in organic toners. More recent uses as friction modifiers in lubricating public buildings. include incorporation into Bismuth oils, greases and coatings. Vanadate Yellow and the emerging classes of Rare Earth Molybdenum high-performance pigments. 1957 1976 CLIMAX MERGES HENDERSON MINE PRODUCES Climax and American Henderson begins production at the Metal Trading Company rate of 10,000 tons per day via panel merge to become AMAX. caving from the 8,100 foot level. 1957 1976 6 Climax Molybdenum Climax Molybdenum 7 METALLURGICAL APPLICATIONS OF MOLYBDENUM STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY STEEL & IRON NICKEL BASE ALLOYS Molybdenum is primarily used to To increase hardness and wear Molybdenum is an important improve the corrosion resistance resistance over a broad temperature, alloying element in high- of stainless steel in more molybdenum is added to tool- and performance nickel base alloys. demanding applications, such as high-speed steel. It increases the The corrosion-resistant nickel chemical processing plants or in strength and hardness of cast iron, base alloys find extensive use marine applications. The addition as well as increases elevated in the chemical processing, of molybdenum increases the temperature strength and creep pharmaceutical, oil and gas, pitting and crevice corrosion resistance. In high-strength, low- petrochemical, and pollution- Climax Mine, Colorado resistance of stainless steels in alloy steels (HSLA) molybdenum control industries. Henderson Mine, Colorado chloride containing solutions. improves strength and weldability. 1980 1993 BREAKING RECORDS AMAX MERGER Climax and Henderson mines produce Cyprus Minerals and a record 100 million pounds of AMAX merge becoming molybdenum; employment peaks at 3,000 Cyprus AMAX. at Climax and at 2,000 at Henderson. Stowmarket, United Kingdom 1980 1993 8 Climax Molybdenum Climax Molybdenum 9 The markets for molybdenum products are diverse, and PRODUCTION OF MOLYBDENUM PRODUCTS MARKETS we serve both the chemical and metallurgical market segments on a global basis. MINED ORE CRUSHING GRINDING FLOTATION Chemicals MOLYBDENITE CONCENTRATE MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE MOLYSULFIDE® PLANT Stainless Steels Mo Metal MoS2 MoS2 ROASTING PLANT 12% AMMONIUM DIMOLYBDATE (ADM) 22% (NH4 )2Mo2O7 TECHNICAL GRADE OXIDE SMELTER CHEMICAL PLANT 5% MoO 3 CALCINED PURE MOLYBDIC OXIDE (POC) 3% Super Alloys MoO3 SUBLIMATION PLANT FERROMOLYBDENUM AMMONIUM HEPTAMOLYBDATE (AHM) FeMo 8% (NH4 )6Mo7O24.4H2O SUBLIMED PURE MOLYBDIC Cast Iron OXIDE (POS) MoO3 SODIUM MOLYBDATE (SMC) 43% 8% Na2 MoO4.2H2O AMMONIUM OCTAMOLYBDATE (AOM) (NH4 )4Mo8O26 Constructional Steels Tool & High Speed Steels Molybdenum Grade Alloy Steels & Irons 59% SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL MOLYBDENUM ASSOCIATION’S SMR END USE 2012 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1996 1999 HENDERSON REPLACES TRAIN CONVEYOR SYSTEM COMPLETE Project at Henderson Phelps Dodge purchases Cyprus commences to replace train with AMAX; conversion from train haulage an underground crusher and to conveyor system is completed. 15 mile long conveyor system. 1996 1999 10 Climax Molybdenum Climax Molybdenum 11 ENVIRONMENT AND COMMUNITY Climax Molybdenum is committed to sustainable development, combining social and environmental responsibility with economic growth. We aim to minimize environmental impacts by implementing strategies based on valid data and sound science, and we work to maintain a safe workplace by having a solid framework for managing risk and meeting compliance obligations. 2000 HENDERSON MODERNIZATION COMPLETED Over one million hours worked without a lost time accident. Highest yield ever. Reclamation of Robinson Tailings Storage Facility 2000 Climax Molybdenum 13 LEADING THE WORLD OF MOLY INTO THE FUTURE At Climax Molybdenum, we mine metals and produce products for the future. With growth in demand for our products, we continue to explore opportunities to provide more molybdenum to the world while respecting our sustainable priorities and maintaining safe operations. Sierrita Mine, Arizona 2007 2012 PHELPS DODGE ACQUISITION CLIMAX OPERATIONS START FCX acquires Phelps Dodge and Commercial operation starts announces restart of Climax. at Climax with first shipment of molybdenum in May. 2007 2012 14 Climax Molybdenum Climax Molybdenum 15 INFORMATION AND CUSTOMER SERVICE AMERICAS EUROPE ASIA 1.800.255.7684 +44.1449.674.431 +81.3.6213.0670 EMAIL WEBSITE [email protected] www.climaxmolybdenum.com
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