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Mission and Hiv/Aids Prevention in Sterkspruit Parish Eastern Cape: New Insights from an Evaluation and a Critique of Education

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Mission and Hiv/Aids Prevention in Sterkspruit Parish Eastern Cape: New Insights from an Evaluation and a Critique of Education MISSION AND HIV/AIDS PREVENTION IN STERKSPRUIT PARISH, EASTERN CAPE: NEW INSIGHTS FROM AN EVALUATION AND A CRITIQUE OF EDUCATION FOR LIFE PROGRAMME (EFLP), OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. By Joseph Mary Kizito Submitted in accordance with the requirements For the degree of PhD (MISSIOLOGY) At the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA September 2019 SUPERVISOR: Prof Lukwikilu (Credo) Mangayi DECLARATION I declare herewith that MISSION AND HIV/AIDS PREVENTION IN STERKSPRUIT PARISH EASTERN CAPE: NEW INSIGHTS FROM AN EVALUATION AND A CRITIQUE OF EDUCATION FOR LIFE PROGRAMME (EFLP), OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, submitted for the degree of PhD in Missiology is my own work and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. This work has not been submitted for any other degree at any other institution of higher learning. (Joseph Mary Kizito) Signature Date Student Number: 331 30647 07 December 2019 ii ABSTRACT In this study, the researcher investigates an HIV and AIDS prevention programme known as Education for Life (EFLP) run by the Roman Catholic Church (RCC). The programme seeks to encourage behaviour changes as a viable approach for the prevention of HIV and AIDS through education. EFLP is faith-based and run by the RCC as one of the programmes in RCC pastoral mission activities to mitigating the HIV and AIDS epidemic. EFLP aims at preventing HIV and AIDs through creating awareness of human values in the context of the gospel, facts about HIV and AIDs and promoting behaviour change, particularly among the youth. The programme is youth-led, peer-driven and peer support based. The researcher examines EFLP in Sterkspruit Parish from 2003 to 2013 to assess whether EFLP was effective in bringing about preventative sexual behaviour, as a result of participants in the programme changing attitudes and values and acquiring life skills. RCC and many Christian churches promote behavioural intervention abstinence, fidelity within marriage, counselling and delaying sexual debut and partner reduction. Behavioural change programmes have, however, not been without controversies. A qualitative research method was followed to investigate the impact of EFLP. Data were obtained and tape-recorded during one-on-one interviews of 25 youth participants. The researcher employed the theory of reasoned action to examine the data. Analysis of data revealed that the mission of the church could be achieved through social transformation in the lives of the youth, especially behavioural change concerning HIV and AIDS. It also showed that a single preventative approach should not be taken to the exclusion of others in the prevention of HIV and AIDs. The study recommends combining different approaches, including promoting behavioural change. KEY TERMS Behaviour change, Context of the gospel, Effective, Reasoned action and Social transformation, Prevention programme. iii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABC Abstinence, Being faithful and using Condoms AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus NGO Non-governmental organisation EFLP Education for Life Programme CCC Catechism of Catholic Church SACBC Southern African Catholic Bishops Conference CSD Catholic Social Doctrine CST Catholic Social Teaching ABCD Abstain, Be faithful, Change your lifestyle, or you will be in Danger of death TRA The Theory of Reasoned Action FBO Faith-Based Organisation RCC Roman Catholic Church UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS TRA Theory of Reasoned Action EFLP Education for Life Programme iv DEDICATION This piece of work is dedicated to the youth of the SACBC who have dedicated their time and energy to promoting the Education for Life Programme (EFLP) among the youth. To those youth, Priests and Religious people living with HIV and AIDs and to those youths who have passed away due to HIV and AIDS epidemic. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank the almighty God who has given me the gift of life and a good health, willpower and the strength to succeed. I wish to express my sincere gratitude and thanks to the following individuals without whom this wondrous journey would not have been possible. My supervisor, Prof Lukwikilu (Credo) Mangayi, for your invaluable support and encouragement. Thanks for accepting this role of assessing my work; your skills and guidance have been greatly appreciated. Dr Tendaia Chiguware for motivating and encouraging me to undertake this study, your willingness to walk with me along this path made this research possible with your wonderful skills in editing my research. Dr Odora Ronald James, your skills and guidance have contributed to my research; your motivation and guidance enabled me to grow beyond any bounds. Your sacrifice of your time was very important to me. Mrs Rebecca Mantutu Mabasa, the librarian at UNISA, my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation goes to you for your support in assisting me whenever I was in your library. To you all, who in one way or another assisted me, especially the youth who participated in the interviews. May thanks go to all the students who have shown much interest and support for my work. v Table of Contents DECLARATION..................................................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... iii KEY TERMS .............................................................................................................................. iii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... v CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND ORIENTATION TO THE STUDY ....................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background to the research in the parish of Sterkspruit ........................................................ 4 1.3 Statement of the problem and background of this research ................................................. 8 1.4 Significance of the study ....................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Research questions ............................................................................................................... 15 1.7 Clarification of key concepts in this study ............................................................................. 16 1.7.1 Behavioural change interventions ..................................................................................... 16 1.7.2 Attitudes ............................................................................................................................ 16 1.7.3 Transformation .................................................................................................................. 17 1.7.4 Values................................................................................................................................. 17 1.7.5 Youth ministry.................................................................................................................... 18 1.7.6 Education for Life Programme (EFLP) ................................................................................ 18 1.8 What makes this study missiological and what are the subfields ........................................ 18 1.8.1 Introduction of Cycle of Mission praxis as a source of methodology ............................... 19 1.8.2 Spirituality at the Centre ................................................................................................... 21 1.8.3 Stage 1 = Identification ...................................................................................................... 22 1.8.4 Stage 2 = Context analysis ................................................................................................. 22 1.8.5 Stage 3 = Theological reflection ........................................................................................ 23 1.8.6 Stage 4 = Strategies based on faith ................................................................................... 24 1.9 Research design and methodology ....................................................................................... 25 vi 1.9.1 Research methods ............................................................................................................. 26 1.9.1.1 Interviews structured and semi-structured ...................................................................... 27 1.9.1.2 Purposive Sampling of the population: ............................................................................ 29 1.9.2 Literature review ............................................................................................................... 30 1.9.3 Primary sources ................................................................................................................. 30 1.9.4 Secondary sources ............................................................................................................. 33 1.9.5 Theoretical framework
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