Est. 1817 Vol. 13 Number 2 5 July 1968 FORTNIGHTLY 2s

Logue / Steadman / Connolly / Another Vietnam McCarthy / Poverty / Capitalism Kills / The Queen

Paris / Hull / RSSF / Tariq Ali 2 THE BLACK DWARF 1 3 . 2 The New Vanguard

a n y a n a l y s is OF t h e s t u d e n t r e v o l t must start from one basic budget isn’t large enough to guarantee consideration: the university explosion. A new social grouping has all of you the university buildings, emerged from the very vitals of capitalism, from all that it considers professors and assistants, restaurants, dormitories and, above all, the high its essential ' achievement ’: the higher standard of living, the advances quality education you demand right in technology and the mass media, and the requirements of automation. away. You have to be satisfied with There are six million university students in the United States, two and gradually changing the existing situa­ a half in West Europe, and over a million in Japan. And it proved im­ tion, which we all agree is unsatisfac­ possible to integrate this grouping into the capitalist system as it tory. ’ And when the students are told this, they are a thousand times right functions in West Europe, the United States, or Japan. to answer: ‘ Stop this bilge about the The students have not found the rate among the youth in the black appropriation for education and the necessary material facilities for their ghettos of the United States exceeds resources of the public bodies. Talk in studies in the universities. They have 20% — which explains a lot of things. terms of the economic resources avail­ not found the kind of education they In brief, what he, like innumerable able in this society. Admit that while were looking for. And above all when devotees of capitalism, failed to see there isn’t enough money for the uni­ they leave the universities it is getting is that this system, far from solving versities, there is more than enough harder and harder for them to find all economic and social problems, for advertising and superfluous gad­ the kind of jobs they rightly expected has not even remedied the basic evils gets. Admit that the reason you can’t when they started their university of 19th century capitalism, while it find the billions needed for a univer­ education. has added a series of new contradic­ sity system fit for the 20th century is A young student writing in Le Monde tions that have proved more and more because you’re squandering billions the other day described ‘ our ’ society insoluble. for your 1 force de frappe ’ [France’s as a ‘ society of abundance ’, a society Capitalism confronts the student nuclear striking force]. Admit that you Hull demands ‘one man - one vote’ in which ‘ everyone ’ is now guaranteed youth with insoluble contradictions are stifling immense productive, tech­ full employment and a steody rise in not only in the university but nological, cultural, and intellectual DAVE COLLINS PETE LATARCHE PAUL GERHARDT his standard of living. also in the economy and in bourgeois forces because you prefer to create He did not put his glasses on when society, which is in permanent crisis. ON THE NIGHT of 8 June Hull Univer­ other Universities are at the point of reality. We hope that our action may destructive forces. he read the West European unem­ Some people have talked about the sity students took a major step forward catching up, now is the time for us to show that the practical application of In this sense, and rightly, the students in creating a free, democratic univer­ be moving on. this principle is not only possible, but ployment statistics. He did not see inadequacy of the universities and, ‘ reject dialogue ’ and reject ‘ univer­ sity. We occupied the nerve centre of And moving on as far as the students is the only basis on which education that in the last two winters there were like good reformists, called for univer­ sity reform ’ in the context of bour­ the institution — the administration are concerned is moving on to the cita­ may meaningfully advance. three million unemployed in Western sity reform. Therefore, when the stu­ geois society. For, they have under­ building. dels of academic power: A challenge We have received support from the Europe. He did not see that the num­ dents turned their backs on this reform stood the nature of this society. And The fight had been a long and hard to the prevailing assumptions of pater­ socially away members of the staff, ber of unemployed in France itself of the bourgeois university, they ac­ this awareness in combination with one with many setbacks. It all began nalism. If it is hard for many of the whose position with regard to executive topped a half million — and this in cused them of rejecting dialogue. But their special situation in society has thirteen days before when Tom Faw- Faculty to come to terms with what is representation is little better than our the midst of a government-proclaimed what the students in revolt rejected was throp, a third year politics and soci­ at stake, some of our students too find made them the weakest link in the neo­ own. We are continuing the struggle economic expansion. He did not notice in fact dialogue within the pre-estab­ ology student, arrived back in Hull liberty a difficult concept. This ac­ for re-organisation of the University capitalist chain today, the first to crack the large number of young people in lished and supposedly immutable from Paris. Tom contacted a few mili­ counts for the nerve-wracking days of on a democratic basis of one man, one throughout the Western world. tant students and an emergency meet­ the campaign — days in which the men vote — students, staff — everyone who this mass of unemployed — to say framework of the bourgeois state, of the What the student revolt represents on ing was held in his house. At this who wait for liberty to be handed works on the campus, from the oldest nothing of the still larger number bourgeois governments in West Eur­ a much broader social and historic meeting Tom spoke of his experiences down, and the men who know that to cleaner to the youngest freshman. which the statistics don’t include. He ope and Japan. scale is the colossal transformation of at the Sorbonne and proposed that a get it you have to fight, struggled for We won’t settle for less. did not see that the unemployment The students have been told: ‘ The the productive forces which Marx Socialist Society meeting be held in the soul of the movement. The im­ foresaw in his Grundrisse [Outlines of support of the French students and portant point is that the people in the a Critique of Political Economy]: the workers revolution. He emphasised centre of the campaign were ‘ engaged ’ reintegration of intellectual labour into that if there was ever going to be an in the existential sense of lives tied to productive labour, men’s intellectual ' issue upon which the Left in Hull the determining of their own possibili­ ... and in Yugoslavia. would unite it would be in solidarity ties. capacities bebecoming the prime pro- with the students of France. After Thursday’s token sit-in we were ductice force in society. A meeting was arranged for Thursday, forced to face eight days of verbal For nearly twenty years the watchwords in Yugoslavia have been Self-govern­ workers could be very close, and This is still embryonic and is unrealis- 30 May. But on the Tuesday Tom diahorroea and confusion. The ‘ mod­ ment and Self-management. The march towards the ideal of a new Socialist immediate. The straws have been able within the framework of capi­ Fawthrop ripped up his finals papers erates ’ stepped in to confuse the issue man is proclaimed everywhere you go. But the reality has been somewhat in the wind for some time. Last talist society but it is already power­ in front of lecturers, professors, and with requests for negotiations and the different. If real self-government was to be introduced it would at some stage year Belgrade students put on a fully announcing itself. In speaking of examinees, it was the climax of his ‘ permeation ’ of the administration. threaten the position of the political leaders themselves. This was not to be satirical review, ‘Reserved strictly a third industrial revolution, of a one-man campaign. (His book ' Educa­ The failure of the administration seri­ for the Working Classes’, which scientific revolution, many Marxist tion or Examination ’ had recently been ously to entertain our basic demand, tolerated. So every seemingly Socialist measure tends to get hedged with sociologists have not always drawn the published by the Radical Students or even to seriously consider it, proved restrictions that weaken it and cynicism results. emphasised all the criticisms men­ Alliance. ) beyond doubt that our only true way For instance the law stating that set up voluntary associations to tioned here, and many others. The obvious social conclusion about the The resulting publicity made Thurs­ to democracy was to show, by our every political office holder (except relieve poverty, and to provide Vietnam war was the catalyst of place of intellectual workers in society. day’s meeting the largest in the Social­ united action, that we could deny the the President) has to be replaced every money to educate ‘ children of the action. In early 1967 massive stu­ They do not understand that as a ist Society’s history. 300 of us crowded Administration the exercise of that four years seems very democratic — deserving poor ’. At least one such dent demonstrations against the result of profound changes in intel­ in to hear about the situation in France power that they had refused to share until you realise that there is no pro­ organisation is in existence. Americans took place in Zagreb, lectual employment the majority of and went on to discuss our grievances with us. the first for many years — at the university graduates will no longer vision stopping the same person get­ The usual response to any critics of against authority here. Eight demands In this way we could enforce our de­ same time not so well organised be bosses, or professionals, or even ting another, equivalent job. these developments is: ' Do you want were drawn up. These included equal mands for equal rights to participate demonstrations on the same theme direct agents of the bosses with strictly executive power for the student in our own education. Throughout this In economic terms, bureaucratic to go back to the days of bureaucratic in Belgrade were being broken up supervisory functions, but white-collar body — the most advanced demand campaign it has proved difficult to con­ planning on the Soviet model had tyranny? That is the only alterna­ by the police. At this time the employees of the state or industry, and made by any student body in this vey the meaning of the principle of hardly a friend; but since a real de­ tive. ’ Many people have become poli­ official party line, while not sup­ thus part of the great mass of salaried country. Our vice-chancellor has had democracy, in theory and practice to mocratisation of planning was ruled tically apathetic; for others the ideal porting the Americans, was by no workers. They do not understand the some cause for self-congratulation in some sections of the student body. Our out, the alternative was reliance on has become emigration to, of all society has tolerated too long the de­ means favourable to the Vietnam­ specific character of the student milieu the past for having Staff/Student liai­ the market — and as this has been places, West Germany. Others have son committees in an advisory capacity finition of democracy which is content ese — the Yugoslav leaders were as a special social stratum, into which allowed to develop, self-management been deflected into a narrow national­ — but we have asserted that, since with abstract concepts which deny the still smarting from the rejection students from bourgeois backgrounds of industry has become a struggle for ism, so that the ' laziness ’ of the Bos­ by the Vietnamese of the four often assimilate, breaking their ties existence between firms. A struggle nians is blamed for the problems of ‘ uncommitted ’ nations’ obscene with their family environment without which favours rich and well-placed Slovenia, the ‘ Great Serb ’ ambi­ peace proposals. The demonstra­ yet being integrated into the social firms at the expense of others, and tions of the Serbs, for the problems of tions therefore implied political environment of their professions-to-be. which has been complicated by at­ Croatia. tempts to make income differentials criticism of the Government. The There is an unwillingness to understand, the main stimulus to work. One large group, especially those who policy has improved since, but the or accept, a fundamental fact — that All this, coupled with the general were younger Partisans in the war recent demonstration in Belgrade man’s chief productice force will be economic problems which Yugo­ look back to Russia. ‘ Things are in support of the NLF was huge his creative intellectual power. This slavia faces as a small developing well organised there ’ they say, ‘ In — more than 100, 000 people in a intellectual power is only potentially country caught between the trade our society working mothers have to city whose population is just over productive today because capitalist blocs, led to a continuing crisis leave their children tied to the bed a million. As elsewhere, the Viet­ society beats it down and stamps it out with a slow economic growth lead­ to stop them being lost in the street; namese struggle has made alterna­ as pitilessly as it beats down the per­ ing to unemployment. Export of there they have creches. ’ But this is tives to the status quo seem mean­ sonality and creative impulse of the labour on a large scale. Inade­ no solution, since the central prob­ ingful. Now, after recent clashes manual workers. quate financing of education and lems are those of power and privilege with the police, students have There is then at the base of the public services, lack of concentra­ — and under a Russian system, poli­ taken over parts of Belgrade where student revolt a high consciousness of ted effort to develop the poorer tical leaders would be even less ac­ they are most concentrated. The a new dimension which has been regions of the country on the one countable than they are now. Workers immediate demands are for uni­ added to the classical alienation of hand, and the growth of a small have increasingly begun to strike in versity reform — but they have labour produced by capitalist society, elite of wealthy and privileged factories, largely over high-handed immediately come to involve all produced by all societies based on persons on the other. Rumour has methods by factory directors. And the problems of Yugoslav society. buying and selling. it that more than 70 mansions, now the students have begun to move, Belgrade University has been re­ We can say that this intellectual lab­ many of them with country es­ searching for new alternatives. Post­ named ‘ Red University of Karl our power is doubly revolutionary and tates, are at the exclusive disposal ers of Che have begun to appear, side Marx ’. productice today. It is so because it is of the ‘ political rich in one case, by side with those of Tito. People Certain relatively minor administrative conscious of the enormous wealth it exposed by Slovenian students, a have begun to talk of a new, political, changes could make an immeasurable promises, which could lead us rapidly political leader had a foreign bank revolution, ‘ without blood, if pos­ difference to the reality of the situa­ to a classless society, to abundance. account, sent her children to be sible ’. tion; but Yugoslavs will only consider It is so because it is conscious of all ROSALIND PEASE ROSALIND educated in France, and had a The students are concentrated in them as real if they go together with the contradictions, injustices, and bar­ salary 20 times that of an un­ very large numbers, because the a tremendous reduction and limitation barities of contemporary capitalism, skilled worker. At the same time, number of universities is small. of income differentials, abolition of and because the results of its becoming under the slogan of ‘ income ac­ Although there is formally a self- personal wealth, and an elimination conscious are profoundly revolutionary. cording to work done ’, factory government structure in univer­ of the material privileges enjoyed by The develoument of this consciousness directors have been doing very sities, privately Yugoslavs tell you political leaders. To achieve this will occurred first of all among the stu­ flag bags well, with imported cars and a that they are ‘ feudal ’ — which is involve a major upheaval in Yugoslav dents for a very simple reason: be­ style of life ludicrous in such a an exaggeration. Students are society, one that is fraught with dan­ cause the traditional organisations of nlf bags, red, blue & yellow, size 17" x 111/2 x 51/2" poor country. An illustration of mostly very poor, existing on in­ gers of local chauvinism and reaction. the workers’ movement are profoundly Carry you message to and from the shop floor how far things have gone was adequate grants in overcrowded In the fifties, some of the most excit­ bureaucratised and long since co-opted given by an article which appear­ conditions. Many of them, especi­ ing socio-political developments took into bourgeois society. When the wor­ 2s each + 6d postage ed in a leading Belgrade paper ally in technical faculties, are place in Yugoslavia. Perhaps this kers’ movement does not erect mul­ 10 or more post free about a year ago, seriously sug­ older, having been sent on scholar­ could happen again — but if so a tiple barriers against the penetration Get your and help the nlf gesting that the more privileged ships from their factories, so the period of determined struggle will be of bourgeois ideology into the work­ Cash with orders to Wild Enterprises 20 Chalcot Rd nw1 sections of the community should connections between students and necessary. david riddell. ing class, most of the workers sue- THE BLACK DWARF. 1 3 . 2 3

This extremely important speech which we reproduce in full was given in Paris to a vast crowd of students on the night before the police were driven from the Latin Quarter. The RSSF speaker was ERNEST MANDEL the eminent Belgian Marxist. PARIS MAY 1968 revolutionary

This has undoubtedly been the greatest revolutionary upheaval in Western Europe since the days of the Paris Commune. Hundreds of students or thousands of students have fought pitched battles with the police. Nine million workers have been on strike. The red flag of revolt has flown over occupied factories, universities, building sites, shipyards, primary and secondary schools, pit heads, railway stations, department stores, student docked transatlantic liners, theatres, hotels. The Paris Opéra, the Folies cumb, at least in ‘ normal ’ conditions, ment must win back the student move­ Bergères and the building of the National Council for Scientific Re­ to the preponderant influence of bour­ ment, most of all inasmuch as the search were taken over as were the headquarters of the French Football geois ideas — as Marx and Lenin students are workers. But this re­ Federation — whose aim was clearly perceived as being ' to prevent never failed to repeat. conquest of the students cannot be revolutionaries? ordinary footballers enjoying football ’. However, in amongst students, a larger accomplished through the ossified and Virtually every layer of French society has been involved to some minority, precisely because they are bureaucratised structures of the tradi­ extent or other. Hundreds of thousands of people of all ages have in a more privileged social and intel­ tional workers organisations. It is o f s t u d e n t m o v e m e n t s in the advanced capitalist countries the discussed every aspect of life in packed-out, non-stop meetings in every lectual situation than the workers, can within the working class, rising up in British one has been till now the slowest to develop. There are many available schoolroom and lecture hall. Boys of 14 have invaded a free themselves by individual thought spontaneous struggle against the capi­ primary school for girls shouting ‘ Liberté pour les filles ’. Even such talist system, creating its own new reasons why: the absence of a crisis within the universities: the particular from the constant manipulation and traditionally reactionary enclaves as the Faculties of Medicine and Law leadership, its own committees, that situation in which the British working class find themselves: the specific mental conditioning of the great pub­ have been shaken from top to bottom, their hallowed procedures and this reconquest will take place, through lic-opinion moulding instruments in liberal and apolitical traditions of British universities. institutions challenged and found wanting. Millions have taken a hand action and in action, in their mutual the service of bourgeois society and However, given the explosion of trol over the form and content in making history. This is the stuff of revolution. interest and in the interest, the su­ capitalism. Under the influence of the revolutionary students, thousands began to preme interest, of the revolution. foreign students particularly in of their study was in itself a valid It is an unquestionable fact that the query the whole principle of hierarchy. The students has questioned it It will not take place in the traditional Germany and France, it was in­ and authentic form of revolution­ revolt against the dirty imperialist war where it seemed the most ‘natural’: in the realms of teaching and in Vietnam arose from the students organisations, in view of the spirit evitable that British students should ary action. knowledge. They proclaimed that democratic self-management was and youth in the United States. It was which today inspires this magnificent make some response. The found­ The great problem of the con­ possible — and to prove it began to practice it themselves. They de­ new rising young revolutionary van­ these American students and young ing meeting of the Revolutionary nounced the monopoly of information and produced millions of leaflets people who set in motion a powerful guard. And if we fight for this re- ference was that it couldn’t to break it They attacked some of the main pillars of contemporary movement against this war, eventually union — if we fight for this alliance Socialist Student Federation at decide whether it wanted to ‘ civilisation ’: the barriers between manual workers and intellectuals, drawing in masses of adult black and this convergence between the stu­ the LSE on 14-15 June was a res­ form a movement, or build a the consumer society, the ‘ sanctity ’ of the university and of other workers and now beginning to affect dent revolt and the struggle for the ponse to this world-wide move­ revolutionary party. In leaning founts of capitalist culture and wisdom. the white workers also. proletarian revolution in Western Eur­ ment. to the latter, it tried to fill a Within a matter of days the tremendous creative potentialities of the Essentially the same process has also ope, it is because we know very well The week began with the arrival people suddenly erupted. The boldest and most realistic ideas — and taken place in West Europe and Japan. that neither by virtue of their num­ need that was not yet a felt they are usually the same — were advocated, argued, applied. Language, From among these students and youth bers nor by virtue of the place which of Cohn-Bendit, Geismar, Wolff, reality. This meant that spea­ rendered stale by decades of bureaucratic mumbo-jumbo, eviscerated emerged the most powerful mass mobi­ they hold today' in society, can the and other student leaders from kers tended to fall back on tra­ lisation against the war in Vietnam, students alone overthrow bourgeois abroad, pitching the whole issue ditional exhortations to action. which at its outset went beyond the society in the West. of student movements onto the The dominant message was absolutely opportunist and capitula­ They can and they must play a power­ level of a press sensation. The tionist phase of movements ‘ for peace ful role as a detonator. By playing this ‘ More of the same ’. real political and revolutionary in Vietnam ’ or ‘ for negotiations ’. role within the working class, above Everyone saw the need to ‘ make content of the student movement, We have seen young revolutionists by all through the intermediary of the connections ’: between the strug­ the tens of thousands go into the young workers, they can free in the and the fact that it is a move­ gle for control on the campus; streets of Paris, Berlin, London, working class itself enormous forces ment of masses not of leaders, were the struggle for control on the shop Copenhagen, Rome, Amsterdam, and for challenging capitalist society and systematically masked by the con­ Brussels to launch the only valid the bourgeois state. floor; and the struggle for control centration on leaders and person­ slogan — the slogan of full and com­ Today we see on a world scale the in the third world. But not enough plete solidarity with the Vietnamese alities. So the conference found rise of anti-imperialist and anticapit­ time was spent on how this was people, the slogan of victory to the alist forces, an authentic new world itself in a situation where it, and to be done (except the inevitable Vietnamese revolution. revolutionary ascent. its public audience, were confused In its revolt against the bourgeois The heroic struggle of the Vietnamese leafleting). about its purposes and aims. university and against the imperialist people against American imperialism, Nor how taking part in a strug­ The two days of RSSF discussion war, the student vanguard has begun the Cuban revolution, the struggle of gle against the authorities on to become conscious of the necessity the courageous guerrillas in Asia, concentrated on the perspectives the campus will show that their of rising up against bourgeois society Africa, and Latin America, and the for Britain. Despite protestations power must be tracked to its in its entirety. Now it is drawing struggle of the black masses of the of non-sectarian interest and of logical revolutionary socialist conclu­ United States for their racial and social capitaist source; or how an the willingness to allow each local sions from its development of an anti­ liberation are all basically one and the area the choice as to what form Oxfam-equal rights campaign at capitalist consciousness: it is prepar­ same struggle. home can be shown to be lim­ ing itself for the socialist revolution. And this struggle of the most op­ its action should take, a clear divi­ For, without a proletarian socialist pressed masses, of the masses of the sion of policy appeared and re­ ited by that same power, in its revolution, there will be no overthrow countries of the third world and of the curred throughout the discussion. imperialist guise. of the capitalist system, not in West black masses in the United States is For one group, mainly from All while the student movement Europe, nor anywhere in the imperial­ beginning today to get a significant has exposed an urgent need for ist world. response in the imperialist countries. London, the primacy of the by those who manipulate it for advertising purposes, suddenly re­ Another comment must be made on This is the mass mobilisation in these working class struggle meant a co-ordinating body that can at this subject. The ‘ revolutionary ’ con­ countries against the dirty war in that students’ main political least match the bosses organisa­ appeared as something new and fresh. People reappropriated it in all its fullness. Magnificently apposite and poetic slogans emerged from cept, in the proletarian, Marxist sense Vietnam; it is the mass mobilisation contribution to the revolution­ tions — the Vice-Chancellor’s of the term, has always implied another the ananymous crowd. Children explained to their elders what the of the student movement; it is the ary movement was through co­ Conference move for move; idea, ‘ internationalism ’. During a mass mobilisation of the young work­ function of education should be. The educators were educated. Within by the exchanging of informa­ period when an Argentinian, Che ers in very arduous strikes and demon­ operation with the working a few days, young people of 20 attained a level of understanding and a Guevara, fought in the forefront for strations in Le Mans, Caen, Turin, and class in their struggle. The main tion and experience and pro­ political and tactical sense which many who had been in the revolu­ the victory of the Cuban revolution, in Bremen and Essen against Springer. lesson of France to these speak­ viding a continuing link for tionary movement for 30 years or more were still sadly lacking. The French events show clearly something that all revolutions have then went on to die for the victory of An integral part of this struggle is ers was that the working class students on each campus. the Bolivian revolution. At a time the struggle of the student and intel­ shown, but which apparently has again and again to be learned anew. in the advanced industrial soci­ A co-ordinating committee was when even the technocrats are talking lectual vanguard in the so-called soci­ There is no ‘ inbuilt revolutionary perspective ’, no ‘ gradual increase about the need for a united Europe — alist countries of Eastern Europe and eties could and would fight; it set up to organise during the of contradictions ’, no ‘ progressive development of a revolutionary mass a secretary of the French Communist the USSR. Here we send particularly was a reply to those who had summer— especially for the aut­ consciousness ’. What are given are the contradictions and the conflicts party dares describe our friend Danny warm greetings to the students and been arguing for years that the umn mobilisation on Vietnam. It we have described and the fact that modern bureaucratic society more or less inevitably produces periodic ‘ accidents ’ which disrupt its Cohn-Bendit as a ‘ German anarch­ workers in the vanguard of this main centre of the world revo­ was reasonable to ask for individual ist ’, then I say it is Cohn-Bendit who struggle. functioning. These both provoke popular intervention and provide the lutionary movement was in the membership of RSSF during these represents proletarian internationalism, For, as much as we are on the side people with opportunities for asserting themselves and for changing and the CP secretary who personifies of the Soviet Union and the ‘ socialist third world. next three months, but for the the social order. The functioning of bureaucratic capitalism creates petty-bourgeois nationalism. camp ’ in any confrontation with A remark by one speaker on Fri­ longer term, r s s f should try to the conditions within which revolutionary consciousness may appear. The description that Comrade Bensaid imperialism or the bourgeoisie, we are day evening that student power affiliate every grass-roots student These conditions are an integral part of the whole alienating hierarchi­ cal and appressive social structure. Whenever people struggle, sooner has given us of the way in which the on the side of our comrades Kuron was a bourgeois demand and de­ organisation which accepts the March 22 Movement was organised and Modzelewski, we are on the side or later they are compelled to question the whole of that social void of revolutionary content programme. The RSSF conference should remind the comrades present of the courageous vanguard workers structure. SOLIDARITY and students of Warsaw and Poland evoked enthusiastic applause from in October must give more atten­ here of a striking parallel — the way Reprinted from s o l id a r it y no. 30; Paris, May 1968, 44 pp. price 3s from in which Fidel Castro and Che Gue­ in their fight against bureaucracy and a section of the audience. Speak­ tion to the specific problems stu­ H Russell, 53a Westmoreland Road, Bromley, Kent. vara began to organise the armed for real soviet democracy, which can ers in this vein frequently took dents face within their universities. struggle in Cuba. They also began by only be a democracy of councils, a time off to discuss the ‘ tragedy The tragedy of Hornsey, if there democracy based on workers, students, All interested in the problem of giving content to the present formal saying: ‘ We are going to put aside the of Hornsey’, to criticise the Horn­ was one, was that the model of tactical differences which divide the and poor peasant councils as Lenin democracy and in the problem of transforming capitalist society sey students for concentrating on seizure and defiance they ex­ different tendencies in the revolution­ taught us. into a society in which wealth is produced and used for the satis­ purely internal demands and is­ emplify did not spread to all ary movement. Once we agree on the When this world-wide struggle that is faction of human needs will find the following articles by the late essential thing, on the action to be already in progress makes it possible sues without broadening their re­ the other six hundred higher Ernst Zander/Wilhelm Lunen of exceptional interest: initiated, on the way to break from to draw in the adult workers against sistance into one of general hos­ education institutions in the the incomes policy, against the écon­ the stagnation and backwardness of the tility to the capitalist system. country. This is the first job of The Great Utopia Contemporary Issues, No. 5 traditional movement, on the way to omie concertée [union - government RSSF. initiate struggle against imperialism agreement to hold down wages], For another group, the student War as a Way Out? Contemporary Issues, No. 7 struggle itself was tactically the and the oligarchy in Cuba by the against the revival of unemployment, Everyone agrees that only the Majority and Minority Contemporary Issues, No. 10 armed road, we will little by little against job insecurity, against the in­ key to the revolutionary process. workers can make a revolution; create a process which will gradually tegration of the unions into the bour­ For structural reasons they argued, The Campaign Against Re­ geois state, against the more and more but this is not the immediate con­ accelerate by its own internal logic, the students were potentially and militarisation in Germany Contemporary Issues, Nos. 23 & 27 marked evolution everywhere in Wes­ sideration to take into account which will make it possible to classify The Problem of Social Con­ and reclassify the different tendencies tern Europe toward authoritarian, actually the most radical sector of when trying to build up a student by experience. ’ ‘ strong states ’, against NATO and the advanced capitalist societies; their movement. The three-part pro­ sciousness in Our Time Contemporary Issues, No. 31 Atlantic Pact, for a revival of the This attitude is a completely healthy function was to build up a move­ gramme — THE BLACK DWARF sup­ Reflections on ‘Reflections’ Contemporary Issues, No. 37 one for all who want to free them­ workers’ movement going over into ment within the universities that workers’ struggles challenging the ports — student power, alliance A Fragment on Chemicals selves from the empty verbalism which would challenge bourgeois society has done so much harm. After a cer­ capitalist system itself, then we. can with the workers and solidarity in Food and Other and then, as in France detonate an tain point, the movement can only transform today’s vanguard into a with the third world — which pro­ Questions Contemporary Issues, No. 39 progress through action, and the ab­ mighty revolutionary party, marching explosion by the working class. vides the general context within at the head of the masses. On the ‘ Inner Limit ’ sence of action condemns it to sterility The lesson of France for these which RSSF is going to work. and permanent division. Then, all together, we will be invin­ of Capitalism Contemporary Issues, No. 40 speakers was that the students RSSF must, nevertheless, begin with As all the comrades who have spoken cible. Then, all together, we will com­ could create a revolutionary situa­ For those who can afford it, each number 3s 6d post free from before me have said, there is an urgent plete the great work begun fifty years a concrete analysis of its present task to be done of reintegrating the ago by the October Revolution, the tion by challenging bourgeois strength, of the problems facing Contemporary Press, 81 Old Park Ridings, London, N21 student movement into the workers victory of the world socialist revolu­ society within the university, and it and of the forms of struggle Those who cannot may obtain copies free on request. movement. Yes, the workers move­ tion! that the struggle for student con­ most appropriate at the moment. 4 THE BLACK DWARF 13. 2

THE BLACK DWARF 13.2 7 8 THE BLACK DWARF 13.2

was wrong. A study of the role of the Citizen Army in the Rising reveals a number of mistakes: The failure to James Connolly and the Irish Revolution seize the printing presses, particularly the ‘ Irish Independent ’ of W M Murphy (Ireland’s Axel Springer) and James CONNOLLY, who was bom 100 years ago this month, is recognised as one of the ringleaders be singled out and to make a Marxist estimate of Easter war-lord. ’ to use these for the printing of mass of Ireland’s great revolutionaries and as one of the few great Marxists to emerge dealt with as they deserve. ’ Week. But even some spokesmen of In 1916 the Ultra-Left typified by the propaganda. The absence of mass in these islands. One of the leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916, he succeeded On 12 May, the last two signatories the Zimmerwald Left took the position Socialist Labour Party in the us and meetings in Republican-held areas. The in transforming the Iresh left from an impotent sect, into a significant force of the Proclamation of the Republic that the insurrection was a ‘ putsch ’. the il p in England, regarded Connolly failure to seize the Bank of Ireland within the Irish revolutionary movement. were executed by firing squad. The ‘ The term “ putsch ”, ” Lenin wrote, as a deserter from socialism to petty and Trinity College. The rebels also With Big Jim Larkin, he helped to sation, Asquith stated that he intended crippled sean macdiarmada, bus con­ ‘ in the scientific sense of the word may bourgeois nationalism. Today the same failed to seize and ration foodstuffs bring back to Ireland what Irish emi­ to stop the shootings. A t this stage ductor, Left Republican and militant be employed only when the attempt tendencies are typified by the Com­ and cloithing in republican-held areas. grants had created abroad — the indus­ Connolly was still alive. The next day trade unionist, met his fate standing. at insurrection has revealed nothing munist Party, and the Socialist Labour Above all Connolly failed to under­ trial union — the Irish Transport and the organ of the Irish bourgeoisie, the The wounded Connolly, too ill to but a circle of conspirators, or stupid League who attack as dissenters those stand the concept of the combat party General Workers’ Union. 1913 found ‘ Irish Independent ’ owned by W M stand, or even sit upright, was shot maniacs and when it has roused no who defend Cuban and Vietnamese acting as a ‘ general staff ’ for the Connolly acting as lieutenant to Lar­ Murphy, chairman of the Dublin Em­ strapped in a chair. The executions sympathy among the masses.. . . A revolutions with anything more than a working class (Connolly was in good kin in the General Strike (and lock­ ployers’ Federation and one of the then stopped. blow delivered against the British im­ revolutionary rhetoric. company in this error—Karl Lieb- out) which raised the poorest of Dub­ principal targets of the 1913 Dublin For all this, it is the Connolly of 1916 perialist bourgeoisie in Ireland has a There is, and was a sharp contradiction knecht, Rosa Luxembourg and Leon lin’s poor from their knees, and trans­ strike, clamoured for Connolly’s blood. that is remembered today. The Easter hundred times more political signifi­ between the revolutionary socialism of Trotsky, likewise failed to understand formed them into dignified, class-con­ In a leading article entitled ‘ The Rising of 1916, was like the Cuban cance than a blow of equal weight Connolly, and those who subscribe to this question at that time. ) This meant scious workers. This struggle gave Clemency Plea, ’ it wrote; — ‘ When, Revolution today. It was a real and would have in Asia or Africa.. . . The that Ultra-Left view of society which that on his death the middle-class were birth to the Irish Citizens’ Army — however, we come to some of the ring­ heroic revolutionary drama, in which dialectics of history are such that small reduces everything to the worker-ver- able to ride the waves of the national ‘the first Red Army in modern Europe’ leaders, instigators and fomentors not Connolly played a leading role. Yet, nations, powerless as an independent sus-boss conflict for higher wages, who struggle, seize the leadership, behead as Lenin called it. yet dealt with, we must make an ex­ the military failure of the insurrection factor in the struggle against imperial­ in fact portray workers as mere ani­ and betray the revolution, and in place With the other European revolution­ ception to the clemency plea. If these was a signal not for acts of solidarity ism, play a part as one of the ferments, mals. But there were no contradictions of Connolly’s Workers’ Republic es­ ary movements, the Irish left suffered men are treated with too great leniency, with the insurgents, but for attacks one of the bacilli, which facilitate the between the revolutionary marxist tra­ tablish instead the present semi-de­ a setback at the outbreak of the First they will take it as an indication of on Connolly for his part in it. entry into the arena of the real power dition and Connolly’s actions in 1916. tached state. World War when the majority of the weakness on the part of the govern­ The conference of the British Indepen­ against imperialism, namely the social­ Both treat the national struggle of Connolly’s writings have been the sub­ working class rallied to the bourgeois ment and the consequences may not be dent Labour Party at Newcastle-upon- ist proletariat.. . . ’ subject nations as an element leading ject of a great revival of interest in governments and deserted international­ satisfactory. They may be even more Tyne that year, recorded its condem­ That was Connolly’s perspective too. up to and fusing with the workers Ireland recently. His works are being ism. However, unlike the social demo­ truculent than ever and it is therefore nation of militarism, but included At the start of the war he had written, revolution. recalled for the prophecy they con­ crat leaders in other countries, the necessary that society should be pro­ among the ‘ Militarists ’ — Connolly ‘ Starting thus, Ireland may yet light To defend Connolly is not to overlook tain: that unless the social system is leaders of Irish labour met the chal­ tected against their activity. . . weak­ and the Irish Red Army. a fire which will not bum out ’til the his mistakes or the weakness of some changed, little will change. lenge posed by the war, openly de­ ness to such men at this stage may be Heavily chauvinist, then as now, the last capitalist bond and debenture will of his positions. In his polemic against nounced it as an imperialist war and fatal.. . . Let the worst of the worst party of British ‘ socialism ’ was unable burn to ashes on the grave of the last Bebel on the question of women, he GERRY LAWLESS. fought against recruitment policies. In December 1914, Larkin’s ‘ Irish Work­ ant period when extra heating is selling them. carelessly wound up. er ’ was banned, just after he had left usually necessary for drying out, Starving old people do not form a Thousands of mineworkers are dis­ for the USA. Connolly took over the without switching on the under­ part of the market for coal: they have placed from their work, because the leadership of the movement. While floor heating at all. She was afraid no economic power through which to market has determined that coal is never neglecting the struggle between Hypothermia of the cost she would incur. Her give force to their obvious and des­ no longer ‘ the most effective fuel ’. the igtwu and the Dublin Employers’ spread askew across the floor, half-naked, his thin flesh stretched across his only source of heat was found to perate human need. The same market has also determined Federation, Connolly set about the task bones, blue in the cold: next winter, somewhere, perhaps in your town, maybe of training the Citizens’ Army. Liberty be a one-bar electric fire used very On the 20 January this year, the that the old folk who are facing the even in your street, an old man, living alone, hardly moving, will come to meet Hall, the facade flaunting the slogan sparingly at night only. Arthritis National Coal Board had stocks of perils of hypothermia are no longer ‘ We serve neither King nor Kaiser ’, death. Thousands of old people are found, too late, like this; or found, perhaps and fairly severe foot trouble coal on the surface amounting to the most effective consumers. became the focus of resistance to the already some days dead, huddled in bed or in a chair. They die, every year, of makes her relatively immobile, 42, 630, 000 tons. Of these, 26, 751, 000 BOTH SUFFER, IN THEIR OWN British government and its Irish ad­ the bitter frost. If we have a hard winter, it will bring a new crop to the and she said she always felt cold tons were undistributed. Most of this PAINFUL WAYS, THE VICTORY herents — the master clan and their undertaker. Hypothermia is a disease of poverty. except when she was in bed. . . In is, of course, unsuitable for domestic OF ‘ ECONOMIC RATIONALITY ’. subservient press. In May 1915, Con­ Millions of old age pensioners have affect that old people who could not this case, the old lady was receiv­ burning: but it could be burned in But is there no awareness of other, nolly founded a new paper, ‘ The to think extremely carefully before afford fuel should ‘ get in touch with ing £4 10s basic old age pension, power stations, and offset by the more imperative, rationalities, in this Workers’ Republic. While the labour they order a bag of coal. the Ministry of Social Security ’. and £4 12s supplementary pen­ Electricity Generating Board to allow country? leaders of Europe abandoned the pol­ And they get hungrier, the colder it A committee of 200 Birmingham icy of class struggle to support the sion, out of which she was paying for the distribution of free, or heavily If anything is left of welfare princi­ gets. social workers and professional people, war, this paper steadily reminded the £4 11s 10d per week to the local subsidised, electricity to old people. ples, leave alone Socialist commitment, working class of the need to struggle How to eat and also keep the fire lit which had previously lobbied the council in rent. Assuming she had There are, according to the ncb, two isn’t it obvious what should be done for their own emancipation. ‘ In the is a real problem on the old age pen­ Ministry on behalf of old people, and switched on her underfloor heating and a third million tons of house coal about hypothermia? long run, ’ wrote Connolly, ‘ the free­ sion. been told that its claimants were al­ when she first tenanted the flat, in stock. These could be given to the Of course, even if every old man and dom of a nation is measured by the In a recent pamphlet on the care of ready receiving the maximum amount then, on the average cost of pensioners who need them, directly. woman in the land is given free fuel, freedom of its lowest class. ’ theaged, the Socialist Medical Asso­ of allowances, decided to investigate £1 7s 9d per week revealed in our Indeed, since there are more than 61/2 pensions still need to be upped. But Th Irish left used every industrial dis­ ciation wrote: the scope of the problem. They sur­ survey, she would have been left million old age pensioners, they could even in the present economic strin­ pute to increase the strength of Dub­ ‘ In 1963, a coroner said, “ many veyed more than a thousand dwellings with £3 2s 5d per week to meet all absorb not only the existing unsale­ gency, there can be no excuse for lin’s Red Army, until on 24 April, of our old people died last winter in high blocks of flats. More than a other outgoings, including food. ’ able stocks of house coal, but also a delaying aid where it is immediately 1916, they joined forces with the radi­ because they lacked the means to third of the residents were old people. There is a short answer to this prob­ substantial volume of the industry’s possible. Coal, and power generated cal middle-class Irish Volunteers to obtain the necessary warmth to Of 350 old-age pensioners’ families current production. It is a simple from coal, are native resources. They challenge the might of the British lem. Pensions must be increased. survive. ” Thousands died of over­ visited, 325 had flats with fitted choice: do we want our old people are resources which are, at present, Empire on the barricades. The Volun­ Welfare provisions, both o n . public teers did not rise as a body because of exposure to cold, literally frozen under-floor heating. A t a touch of a and voluntary initiative, should be to starve to death while mining com­ being wastefully under-used. No-one a countermanding order from their to death.. . . The sufferers are switch they could live in a comfort­ stepped up. munities are blasted to bits by whole­ can claim that the balance of pay­ Chief of Staff. Less than 1, 000 came usually found living alone, un­ able temperature. But 120 never used Youth organisations should be helped sale redundancy, or are we prepared ments would be knocked sideways by out in response to the orders of Pearse attended, in conditions of gross it, 75 could only afford to use it occa­ to extend their work in helping old to put crying human needs before the abolishing hypothermia. But by taking and Connolly. They fought for five neglect.... ’ sionally, and 130 used it under the people. demands of balance sheets? Coal­ the obvious means to abolish the threat days, but in the end, the insurrection Last October, when 16% was added flat rate charge. 25 of those who But there is something else which miners are worried sick about these of cold to our old people, we shall be was crushed by the British Army. to electricity charges, more than a could not afford to use it secured should be done as well. great heaps of stored coal, because striking a firm blow for the prin­ The end of the revolt led to a whole­ thousand pensioners from Birming­ what warmth they could by huddling For at the same time that the old although they know that some jobs ciples of the welfare state, themselves sale execution of the leaders by order ham marched on 10 Downing Street, around a paraffin stove. The commit­ die prematurely for want of fuel, have been kept in existence only by shivering in the economic blizzards of the British Cabinet, which included, with a petition signed by 85, 000 tee report: adding to their bulk, they also know and political frosts in which they of course, a representative of the fuel is being stacked, completely Labour Party. In answer to protests people, urging the cancellation of the ‘ An 82-year-old lady was found to unproductively, on great stock­ that such huge reserve stocks serve to have been meekly trying to survive. against the apparently unending list of increase. M r Wilson could not agree have been in a new multi-storey piles whose dimensions increase reduce their already minimal union And thousands of old people will live executions and a demand for their ces­ to this request, and replied to the flat for six weeks, the all-import- every year with the difficulty of bargaining power as the industry is to see next spring. ken coates.

You are too deaf, hear only the teller's call, To the young. To the dreamers, To the painters. FOR THE CRS, WITH LOVE The polite applause, the click of the apparatus, To the thinkers. To the writers. The hollow echo of the dubious Moscow deal. To the workers, who long for revenge, EDGAR WINSTANLEY June 68. No. And will have it, cannot be stopped. Deafness is all. And they have been rolled in butter and fried, To Pierre, and Serge, unafraid, And they have been given promises, promises, Come, avenging angels, Discussing fulfilment and Sanity while Paris And wooed, and won, and seduced, and garotted, Come on, clubs, truncheons, rifle-butts burns, And they have been atomised, their power Beat the shit out of us, To Jean-Jacques, doing the burning, sprayed into the air Matraquez, Holding a barricade, alone, and not noticing, in a fine mist, invisible, Matraquez bien, To the girls with soft eyes, uprooting the And they have been refrigerated, pressure-cooked, boulevards, automobilised, Because each and every blow To the boys in their skid-lids, decisive, And they have been tellyfied, and radioed, and Cracks down like a blockbuster on your own heads remorseless, technicoloured, Bursts and flowers like napalm To the children of France, And they have been taught to love trinkets Over the titillated lives of your foul employers - of Europe, more than freedom The gentle, persuasive, verminous the world, Coloured beads more than green fields bourgeois Who still feel what they are, still touch their Plastic ducks more than mallard at dawn Who, if I cried out, would hear me among these humanity, Photographs more than fucking angels? Who one day will fight for it, Not you, mon General, ears stuffed with old man's Fight for it, And to eliminate all armpit odour rheum, Fight for it and the rhubarb-stalks of power and glory: WE SHALL NOT BECOME MACHINES And still they have survived. Not you, Andre Malraux, not you - WE SHALL NEVER BE MANIPULATED Who now destroys Kyo, and May, and Katov, WE DESPISE YOUR REASONS FOR LIVING And still they can hear the cries from Beaujon, A Kuomintang in yourself alone, WE HAVE OUR OWN And understand, without a translator, without Opening the furnace doors WE SHALL FIGHT FOR THEM sub-titles. Sniffing, knotted, From a million million cradles, endlessly rocking. Unable to shit for fear of what might So come, avenging angels, come out, To the poets they shall cry: to you, Jacques. Beat on, out with your clubs, your truncheons, Palsied corruption, retired For you are the unborn, the undestroyed, Chuck in the gas-bombs, lob your grenades, dishonourably: For you have ears to hear and eyes to see. Bang on with your rifle-butts, Nor you, Pompidou, - arse-licker of God: Shits, put the boot in — Not one of you And, above all, to the workers they shall cry: Nor one of your democratically-voting, Oh, they have been led by the nose, these workers, For there are those who will hear, - peace-loving, Blinkered, deafened, And the cries mount up, like sand below the sea, money-grubbing, girl-raping, A ridge, a bar, a barrier, a mountain, dividend-lusting cunts of supporters The cries of the girl, vomiting, beaten, Throwingup one wave, The madness of the boy helplessly urinating, and another Would hear me if I cried out His penis a pulp, his testicles torn, and a whole amongst these angels. The dying panic of the schoolboy at Flins, incredible tide Matraqué, drowned, at seventeen, Of breakers racing steaming for the shore Nor you, with your pragmatism, Seguy, The howls of the workers, shot at Sochaux, That crack and spit as they bellow at the land - Oh we know about pragmatism, comrade - In 'traffic accidents' at Flins: And leap and whirl and spire and jet Nor you, chief greaser of the party machine, They rise to your ears, but you do not hear. With energy energy energy bounding Your own mind a machine, Machine-minder Waldeck-Rochet: To whom, then, do they cry out? And the shore awaits THE BLACK DWARF 13.2 9

Go to work on an egg Bounce a cheque on an egg fail your test on an egg wipe your arse on an egg despair on an egg touch your cap on an egg dance on an egg overthrow the government on an egg get sacked on an egg have a wank on an egg kick an immigrant on an egg vote Tory on an egg get high on an egg go to gaol on an egg fall in love on an egg come home and find We stop things growing that stop things growing. a black man in bed with your wife on an egg Like weeds, insects, germs. As world problems of sickness and hunger increase, so does the need for knowledge to solve them. Dow research and agricul­ grow bald on an egg tural chemicals benefit plants, animals and humans. In agriculture, in go mad on an egg medicine, in your everyday life. So remember the name Dow. You're going Clean Gene to be hearing more of it. Dow Chemical Internationa! Inc., Prince's Building, love Jesus on an egg Hong Kong. . . Offices in Taipei, Manila, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, senator eugene McCarthy is the white hope of both Black and White Liberals. New Delhi. get circumcised on an egg go to the moon on an egg He has been of immense help to the ruling class because he has diverted the energies of large numbers of young militants who might otherwise have get laid on an egg rejected the system as a whole. It is to them and their supporters in this

'Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company drop dead on an egg country (see above) that we pose the following questions:

get stuffed on an egg DID YOU KNOW THAT EUGENE MCCARTHY: Another Vietnam go to hell on an egg voted for every appropriation for the voted for huac appropriations in The small jet-bomber dived from 5, 000 ft., its engine drilling like a kiss kiss. Vietnam War 1956 monstrous tropical fly. Then I saw a plume of black smoke fanning up CHRISTOPHER LOGUE voted for the Gulf of Tonkin reso­ voted for the Student Loyalty Oath from beyond the coconut palms. It was otherwise a quiet Monday lution Bill in 1959 morning: October 9, 1967. voted to raise pay of all military voted against withholding of federal Standing beside me the man from the Vietcong said: ‘ Napalm ’. personnel except privates in 1958 school aid from segregated schools in Desert for Peace! 1961. I didn’t quite believe it, for this wasn’t Vietnam, this was West Africa. (The recent case of Jeremy Tupper, a young American voted consistently against the admis­ Next day I saw one of the two men hit by that bomb (the other was deserter who was handed over to US Military Police by a sion of China to the UN voted for admissibility of evidence gained by wire tapping in 1954 dead). Lying in a guerrilla hospital in the forest, he was scorched on British court, has highlighted British complicity in the voted for the 1962 ‘ Cuban ’ reso­ arms, legs and torso. war. It is the duty of every socialist to assist deserters lution authorising the President to voted for compulsory arbitration of escape to more friendly ‘ democracies ’ such as Sweden. take any necessary action to get Later that day I saw a fragment of an unexploded bomb dropped two major issues in railway dispute in We reprint below a leaflet which is distributed to ‘ offensive ’ missiles out of Cuba 1963 and for prohibition of strikes at the same time. If I’d still had any doubt about the meaning of on secondary issues for 180 days. American soldiers based in Western Europe by Vietnam voted during the 1955 crisis to that plume of black smoke and the fearful burns on that casualty, activists. If you want to help cut it out and give it to an ‘ authorise ’ the President to protect they were finally removed. The fragment was neatly labelled: American serviceman. ) the islands off the coast of China voted in 1954 for Dies motion which made membership in the Communist NAPALM FCM-1-55 300KG-350L M/61. voted for every contempt of Congress Party a felony WHAT’S GOING ON? citation of House of Un-American THE MILITARY SAYS: We’re defending freedom in South Activity Committee witnesses, includ­ voted in 1966 to kill a proposed Vietnam against Communist ag­ ing Arthur Miller and Carl Braden, amendment that would have prohi­ gression. during his time in the House of Rep­ bited the use of draftees in Vietnam BUT: Who are the VC? If they were resentatives unless they volunteered just terrorists, wouldn’t five years, over 1, 000, 000 Allied and ARVN troops and American power have stopped them long ago? But they’re not being stopped. And no place in Vietnam is cleared and secured — not even Saigon; not even the brand-new ‘ deluxe ’ battle-proof US Embassy. WHY NOT? THE MILITARY SAYS: We’ve got the ‘ bad ’ Viets. Our (but not too loudly) guys don’t want to fight, to take risks. They can’t be trusted (like all Asians). BUT: Charlie is also ‘ Asian ’. He’s also Vietnamese. He fights like hell, and with all the odds against him. WHY? THE MILITARY SAYS: The North Vietnamese are the ag­ gressors, they’re running the whole show from Hanoi. In the battle of Saigon, half the troops were North Vietnamese regulars. BUT: How could 50, 000 North Vietnam­ A month ago the London Bureau of that Bobby Kennedy had been assas­ ese troops turn the tide, outnum­ the ‘ Washington Post ’ wrote to 35 sinated and the ‘ Washington Post ’ de­ bered 25 to 1 in man- and fire­ people in this country (including one cided not to publish its findings. the power, if they were fighting alone? of our editors) and asked them to say black dwarf disagrees with the decis­ How could they have ‘ slipped ’ who they would have voted for if they ion to withold the results and pub­ into the heart of Saigon, Dalat, has been us citizens. 15 did not reply. lishes them below: Hue if they didn’t have the whole The others did, but then news came The man from the Vietcong also looked at it, but this time he said damn South Vietnamese people behind them? nothing. He had seen it all before. THE MILITARY SAYS: They’ve terrorised the people. For Robert Kennedy: For Nelson Rockefeller: The Portuguese are conducting three colonial wars in Africa: in this Sure, BUT: When it comes to terror, who’s Paul Johnson Nigel Lawson got who by the balls? Who’s got colony of Guiné on the far west coast, where I sojourned last October Hugh Thomas For Richard M. Nixon: the Hueys, the napalm, the air- Dee Wells (and arranged for g r a n a d a t v to make the excellent film they showed power? Who’s got the money, the Auberon Waugh hardware, the knowhow. Arnold Wesker (with reservations) (with severe reservations) on April 2 this year); in Angola; and in Mozambique. These territories AND: Would you rather be a flier shot Stephen Potter (ditto) have about 12, 000, 000 African inhabitants, and about 350, 000 civilian down over Hanoi, or a prisoner in For Humphrey, or Nixon, or Maybe the hands of the ARVN? Or may­ For Eugene McCarthy: Rockefeller: Europeans. In size they are larger than the whole area of the European be neither? Lord Thomson (in an interview) Common Market. THE MILITARY SAYS: Baby, it’s cold outside; forget Michael Foot The Portuguese are conducting these wars in order to retain an imperial about the old gang at home, they’re Harold Pinter Against all of the major candidates: not there any more, so stick with Iris Murdoch Bertrand Russell control they have exercised for about 70 years. During these years the us. And go to Vietnam or Korea? A. J. Ayer (McCarthy ‘ least attractive ’) Robert Shaw Africans have revolted many times. In 1961 those of Angola rebelled IT’S YOUR PROBLEM. MANY SOLDIERS HAVE Write-in for Mrs. Martin Luther King: SOLVED IT. THINK IT OVER AND CONTACT THE again, this time under the banner of national liberation; in 1962 those For Hubert Humphrey: Brigid Brophy PEOPLE AT THESE ADDRESSES: of Guiné did the same; in 1964 those of Mozambique followed suit. J. B. Priestley For Fred Halstead, Socialist Workers BERLIN: Free University AStA (Student Council), Today the guerrillas control more than half the rural areas of Guiné; Berlin-Dahlem, Garystr. 21, phone: Kingsley Amis Party: 76 90 22 45 Monday, Wednesday, Fri­ Elizabeth Jane Howard Tariq Ali those of Angola range across the central grasslands of that vast country; day from 17. 00—20.00 hrs. Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund those of Mozambique build liberated areas in the great northern provinces (SDS), Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Kurfürsten- damm 140, phone: 886 1449 Tuesday, of Cabo Delgado and Niassa, and thrust southward into Tete and Thursday, Saturday 17. 00-20.00 hrs. Zambesia. p a r i s : Comité Viet Nam National, 2 Rue La­ lande. Those who profess to favour freedom yet deprecate agi­ To prosecute these wars the Portuguese dictatorship in Lisbon has more Mouvement de la Paix, 35 Rue de STOCKHOLM: Clichy. tation, are men who want crops without plowing up the than 100,000 men on active service. Proportionately to population, this ENL Kontoret, Palsunds Gatan 8, Sthlm would mean an American army in Vietnam of more than 2, 000, 000. Folkereisning Mot Krig, Kristian Aug­ ground; they want rain without thunder and lightning. usts Gate 19. Screwing down their own harassed population at home, the Lisbon Socialist Youth, Haarlemmerhouttuinen They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many AMSTERDAM: 73. dictators have raised their conscription period from three to four years, Algemene Nederlandse Vredes Actie, Post Box 385. waters. their military spending to nearly 40% of their national budget. Aldig Mere Krig, Berners Vaenge 13 st. Tv. . . . Power concedes nothing without demand. It never Even so, it is commonly agreed and known that the dictatorship can DENMARK: Hvidovre. Danish Forlaget Tema, A Boulevarden did and it never will. Find out just what any people will carry on its colonial wars in Africa only thanks to the backing of its ZURICH: 25, Kopenhagen 5. UNITED KINGDOM: Quaker Center, 12 Rue Adran Lachenal. NATO allies. These supply napalm, jet-bombers, naval craft, artillery Peace Pledge Union, 6 Endsleigh St., quietly submit to and you have found out the exact London, WCl. and other hardware, as well as shoring up the dictatorship with capital Committee of 100, 13 Goodwin St., London, N4. measure of injustice and wrong which will be imposed and commercial aid. Peace News, 5 Caledonian Rd., London, N l. upon them, and these will continue till they are resisted Nothing has been done to help these African guerrillas by anyone Stop It! 94 Greencroft Gardens, London, Nw6, phone: 289 0015. with either words or blows, or with both. The limits of in Britain except a few individuals. VSC, 8 Toynbee St., El, phone BIS 9845. No money is being collected for anti-biotics and other medicines War Resisters'' International, Lansbury tyrants are prescribed by the endurance of those whom House, 88 Park Ave., Enfield, Middx. they desperately need. Irish Pacifist Movement, The Grange, they oppress. FREDERIC DOUGLAS ITALY: Kolternan Co., Eire. So far as Britain is concerned, it is as though these wars did not Moviento Nonviolento Per La Pace, WEST GERMANY: Cassela Postale 201, Perugia. West India Emancipation Speech, 1857. exist. Internationale der Kriegsdienstgegner, 46 Dortmund, Ostwall 3. Can’t SOMETHING be done? b a s il d a v id s o n V erband der Kriegsdienstverweigerer, 605 Offenbach/Main, Buchrainweg 161. 10 THE BLACK DWARF 13. 2

to the people who need them most. The Black Dwarf Think up socially useful jobs for the menu flunkies, wine-waiters, chauffeurs, BAKED QUEENS/TOASrS 3/6 gardeners, toy soldiers, kitchen-maids, at last we are back again. It has taken us four weeks to find another TRIBUTE AND ONIONS 4/6 public relations men, ladies-in-wait- printer who was bother prepared to take the risk of printing us and had PRAISED SIR LOIN 4/6 GARTERS/TOASTS 7 /6 ing, Princesses, corgis and body­ no political objection to the content. Despite the erratic distribution, ROLLS OF HONOUR 4D guards. That’s only a start. the high price and all the other handicaps, the response to the first J. BOWES LYON & CO. The monarchy has always been the issue was extraordinary. One street seller sold 600 copies. We don’t keystone of the aristocracy. Without yet know how many were sold altogether, but it looks like 20, 000. We the crown, aristocracy always faces a decline in reputation, morale and do know we have received over 600 subscriptions and letters. privilege. Would that matter? Yes. Many individual newsagents have refused to sell us. Two young militants It would render the House of Lords paying their own fares to take 100 copies to Brussels were stopped at far more vulnerable. It would take Ostend. After a long interrogation by the secret police they were deported away some of the grey magic which back to Dover where they were again questioned by Special Branch has hypnotised us into allowing blue- blooded fleas to occupy such large men. About thirty printers turned us down. Their reasons varied but stretches of England, Scotland, often it was a straightforward political NO. As one works manager said Wales, Ireland and beyond. to me: ‘ I’ve never known our board of directors get so het up ’. Or, More than that, it would throw the to put the same thing in another way, one new young militant was talking middle class into turmoil. The middle class has always needed a big royal to me about television. ' You know, ’ he said, ‘ it’s amazing how right- boot to lick and there has always wing old Robert Mackenzie has been getting lately. ’ When I pointed been a man or woman with enough out that Mackenzie hadn’t changed at all, but that he had, I wasn’t gall to trade on his or her descent believed. by saying: ‘ I’m the royallest. Lick Most of the television and films we see, the newspapers, books my boot. ’ Take away the boot and and magazines we read are very political. To most people they you take away the baby’s dummy. You batter a hole in that much- don’t seem so because they support the prevailing notion of what boosted Wall of Insurance. life should be. If you question that notion you run into trouble, Upsetting the middle class in this and the fuzzy limits of our Free Society start to go clear. You never way may seem like an exercise in know which doors are locked until you start to push. The abuse has creating a disturbance for the sake of the row. No. The point of stirring begun: ‘ Troublemaker’ — Robert Mellish; ‘ Impotent, squawking,

POSY POSY SIMMONDS it up is to change society, to force posturing, finger jabbing, nincompoops ’ — Dennis Potter ‘ Squalid people to look at what the United nuisance ’ — James Callaghan. Other measures will follow. Kingdom really is — a bloody big business with directors, shareholders, So far these are just pinpricks There are a thousand more to come and A so cia lly u se fu l jo b must be expected. As we get better, the repression will get worse. If we managers, foremen, workers, scabs and cops on the gates. ever look like persuading Socialists that there is more, much more, to What is called the splendour of a The Royal Family is an advertise­ very much to the point in Britain, The Queen is used, and used to good being a Socialist than writing letters to the newspapers, having a bitter throne is no other than the cor­ ment. What are they selling? Our 1968. They keep the people in line. effect, by everyone who wants Britain argument with your friends and voting; if we ever get to the point of ruption of the state. It is made glorious heritage — including the There are plenty of civil servants to stick to capitalism. Some of our up of a band of parasites living glamour of the Tower of London, working with a title in mind. There MPs may sing ‘ The Red Flag ’ and in luxurious indolence out of the that grisly factory where many of the are plenty of local councillors who’d even the ‘ Internationale ’ down in public taxes. — Tom Paine. best men in our history were tortured like a few letters after their names the constituencies — but when our w e pay her to look radiant. We pay to death. The authority of the Houses but would settle for cucumber sand­ wealthy Queen appears — see how him to flit around the world chatting of Parliament. The virtues of being wiches at the end of the Mall. And they bow. up tycoons. Hard to calculate how ‘ above politics ’. The joys of consen­ they know damn well what they have Monarchy is a confidence trick. much we pay — it’s not just the par­ sus religion — the Church of Eng­ to pay for the privilege — respecta­ Charles is just a rich boy waiting liamentary hand-outs of the whole land, one of our great property com­ bility, political respectability. You to take over Daddy’s firm. The Windsor family — there’s also a vast panies. don’t get a knighthood by signing Queen is just a woman who should income from their estates which, They are a living commercial for petitions or marching against a germ be getting ready to take a job as soon since property is robbery, makes the private wealth and private greed and warfare station. You get one by sign­ as the kids are off her hands. great train robbers look like so many private safety in a world stricken by ing forms or working inside the re­ I’m not suggesting an anti-monarchy shop-lifters. poverty, hunger and oppression. search station, discreetly manufactur­ campaign. But in any fight to over­ Royalty isn’t much discussed on the To the bourgeoisie they are not only ing death for export. throw capitalism, we must recognise Left at the moment. Maybe it doesn’t an almost religious ideal of family Imagine Britain without the mon­ the role of the Royals in the panto­ seem relevant — just one family draw­ life — they also are the givers of re­ archy. Can you bear it? Mentally re­ mime of rates. ing the biggest dole in Britain. But wards. Those New Year Honours distribute the royal lands and houses ADRIAN MITCHELL. the Royals have a central function in lists, those tea parties at Buck House the web of capitalism. — they may look silly, but they’re WHAT IS SEDITION? uncovering so much of the lies and deceit that smother us from birth ; POLITICAL WRITINGS AND WORDS, ’ not seditious if the object is to show says one of the legal text books, ' may that the Sovereign has been misled or that we move men and women to action, then they will move in and try be classed under three heads: those mistaken in her measures, or to point to stop us altogether. When that day comes we will know that we are which are overt acts of treason, those out errors or defects in the government beginning to get somewhere. which are sedition, and those which or constitution with a view to their are allowable and justifiable ’. reformation, pr to excite the subjects Meanwhile there is lots to do. In Paris thousands of students (supported There is no mistake in the order of by lawful means to attempt the altera­ by most of the staff) are still fighting a bloody battle with the police on possibilities. Sedition is one of a bundle tion of any matter in church or state a very simple issue. Should they be allowed to run their own University? of laws listed as ‘ Crimes against Pub­ by laws established, or to point out, lic Tranquility ’ which, if called into with a view to their removal, matters De Gaulle knows what an example this could be to the rest of France — action can make writing or speaking which are producing or having a ten­ let alone Europe. He knows it must be repressed whatever this risk. We politics in England even today, a peri­ dency to produce feelings of hatred and must help in any way we can. Go there — and learn. Come back — lous business. ill-will between classes of the Sover­ The law of sedition, although no longer eign’s subjects ’. and organise. If you cannot go then send money. Friends of the black fashionable, and only infrequently Sounds promising? Don’t be too sure. dwarf collected £500 last week and took it personally to student repre­ called on, still exists in all its eight­ It seems still to be law (made by a sentatives. Help and money are still needed. It can be sent to us. We eenth and nineteenth century tawdri­ case in 1704, and confirmed by another ness. It is a political law, largely in 1804) that it is sedition to publish will see that it gets into good hands and is effectively spent. nourished around the period when the any matter tending to possess the Friends first, ourselves next. We need help too. Every kind of help you Duke of Wellington was grumbling people with an ill opinion of the gov­ can think of — we need money and we need people: writers, cleaners, about having to educate his masters ernment. In the words of a standard after the Reform Bill of 1832. It is a legal text book (1964): ‘ these declara­ This diary of events is intended as a service to all militants and militant cartoonists, typists, carpenters, salesmen, drivers, researchers, painters, law, not to protect the oppressed, but tions if taken literally, may well be groups throughout the country. However, our sources of information to protect political institutions. Protect regarded as inconsistent with liberty are, as yet, not as complete as they should be. If you or your group electricians, illustrators, messengers. Just write, call or phone: 01-437 know of, or are organising a meeting or demonstration or any other them for whom? Well, some of the of political opinion ’. Indeed, they may. 5369; 01-734 4827. the black dwarf, 7 Carlisle Street, London, Wl. activity that you want people to know about, just let us know in good quotations later on, give a good indi­ Looking through the cases on the law time and we shall try to give it publicity. cation. would shock even a liberal. How about 29 JUNE ALCONBURY THE BLACK DWARF CANNOT SURVIVE WITHOUT First, what is sedition? Forgive the this?. . . ‘ if a man curses the Queen, Demonstration at Alconbury USAF base. For details contact 29 June Ad technical wording, but it needs defin­ wishes her ill-will, gives out scandalous Hoc Committee, 13 Goodwin Street, London, N4. YOU. THERE ARE MANY WAYS YOU CAN HELP US. ing in full. It is acts done words spoken stories concerning her, or does anything 1 JULY LONDON and published or capable of being pub­ which may lessen her in the esteem of Public Meeting. ‘ Workers’ Control ’, John Lawrence. The George, Liver­ lished with an intention (1) to bring her subjects, may weaken her govern­ pool Road near Angel Tube. 8 pm. IS. 1. BUY IT into hatred or contempt, or to excite ment, or may raise jealousies between 2 JULY LONDON 2. SELL IT disaffection against the Queen or the her and her people. . . or denies the Public Meeting. ‘ France, an eye-witness account ’, Chris Pallis. Dublin government and the constitution of the Queen’s right to her throne. . . all Castle, Parkway, Camden Town, NW1. 8 pm. IS. United Kingdom, or either House of these are sedition. ’ Public Meeting. One World Against Fascism And Racialism. Speakers 3. TALK ABOUT IT Parliament, or the administration of Or this. ‘ Every man has a right to include Tariq Ali. Hackney Town Hall, Mare Street, London, E8. 7. 30 pm. 4. ASK FOR IT justice or (2) to excite the Queen’s give every public matter a candid and Hackney Co-operative Party. subjects to attempt otherwise than by free discussion; something must be al­ 4 JULY LONDON lawful means, the alteration of any lowed for feeling in men’s minds, and Public Meeting. ‘ What You Can Do To Help Greece ’, Tony Ambetielos. Help us to attack the system by asking for THE BLACK matter in church or state by law estab­ for some warmth of expression, but Conway Hall, Red Lion Square (near Holborn Tube). 7. 30 pm. League DWARF at every newsagents and bookshop you pass. If lished or (3) to incite persons to com­ an intention to incite people to take for Democracy in Greece. mit any crime in general disturbance the power into their own hands and to 7 JULY LONDON he knows nothing about it tell him what a marvellous of the peace or (4) to raise discontent provoke them into tumult and disorder, Anti-racialist demonstration. This is a counter-demonstration against or disaffection amongst Her Majesty’s is a seditious intention'. the Immigration Control Association which is holding a rally to demand newspaper it is and insist that he takes it. Then — if you subjects or (5) to promote feelings of Some of the Chartists were convicted a total ban on coloured immigrants. Meet 2. 30 pm Clerkenwell Green. have a moment — tell us. ill-will and hostility between different of sedition. Why? Because in one case March to Trafalgar Square and Downing Street. MCF. classes of those subjects. at a Chartist conference in Manchester, 16 JULY LONDON Readers still retaining an exaggerated speakers urged strikers to remain on Meeting to set up Ad Hoc Committee for the Autumn Offensive. All idea of British freedom may be re­ strike until the Charter became law. interested organisations to contact Ed Guiton, VSC, BIS 9845 for further details. Please send m e ...... (minimum 6) copies of the black dwarf assured by knowing that there has to In another, because one of them ad­ be an intention to be seditious. But dressed large meetings in ‘ violent lan­ 20 JULY DURHAM CITY every fortnight on sale or return terms. that is in the lawyers’ sense; nobody guage ’ and also urged the strikers to July Miners’ Gala. Wilson will be there. A revolutionary socialist con­ else’s. The law, although by a new remain out. tingent is taking part. VSC, RSSF, IS, etc. Act it is trying to extricate itself, has A long time ago? Yes, and conditions LONDON Please send me thE black DWARF for the next 3/12 months. decided that a man must be deemed have changed. The law about striking Meetings, events and open-air theatre against war in Vietnam. Starts at 3 pm in Trafalgar Square, spreading through the West End as the to intend the natural (by which it is different now. But the thing about evening progresses. VSC, YCL, Agitprop, CAST, et al. means probable) consequences of his English law is that it is a law of pre­ 15s 21 JULY LONDON I enclose cheque/postal order for 15s£3 acts. A decision which one writer has cedent. It does not matter that a case Trafalgar Square at 3 pm. March on Grosvenor Square against the war remarked, ‘ contains a serious threat was heard a hundred years ago, it can in Vietnam — solidarity with the NLF! July 21st Committee. to any rational theory of intention ’. still be binding. For instance, the pre­ 26 JULY EVERYWHERE They have to prove you intended it, sent law of wills is contained largely Name.. South Africa Freedom Day and Cuban Revolution Anniversary. you cannot say you did not! in an Act of 1837. CONTINUOUS — LONDON True, the cases on the law have tried So there it is. A harsh law. Still avail­ Unity Theatre, 1 Goldington Street, NW1. ‘ Harold Muggins is a Martyr ’. Address to set out some idea of what limits able, if needed. Skulking round the Perfs: Thur., Fri., Sat., Sun., at 7. 30 pm. Late night agitprop entertain­ have to be reached before you arrive comer like some peculiarly British ments Fri., Sat. at 11 p. m. at sedition. But those limits are still form of the crs. not clear. You can never be sure until What was that Hamlet said about tak­ editorial group: Clive Goodwin, Tariq Ali, Robin Fior, David Mercer you get to Court. The technical phrase ing arms against a sea of troubles? He Adrian Mitchell, Mo Teitelbaum. Published by the black dwarf, 7 Carlisle Street, London Wl. Printed by Forward Printing (Tottenham) Ltd. (tu), London N17. Distributed by Moore THE black dwarf 7 Carlisle St London Wl 01-734 4827 usually used is this: ' an intention is was really pushing it. a l a w y e r . Harness Ltd., 11 Lever Street, ECl. 01-253 4286.