Les Grandes Figures En Vidourle Camargue

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Les Grandes Figures En Vidourle Camargue LES GRANDES FIGURES EN VIDOURLE CAMARGUE Louis IX Guillaume de Nogaret Catinat Charles de Baschi Marie Durand Louis-Joseph de Montcalm Le bailli de Suffren Louis Médard Paulin d’Anglas Louis Perrier Gaston Doumergue Louis Feuillade Jean Hugo Fanfonne Guillierme Lawrence Durrell L’EXPOSITION PETR Vidourle Camargue 83 rue Pierre Aubanel 30470 AIMARGUES Tél 04 34 14 80 00 www.petr-vidourlecamargue.fr PORTRAITS DE GRANDES FIGURES EN VIDOURLE CAMARGUE Le PETR Vidourle Camargue s’est proposé de mettre en lumière les destins hors normes de quelques grandes figures du territoire. Ces hommes et femmes, natifs ou non de Vidourle Camargue, sont les té- Portraits moins émouvants d’épisodes mar- quants, parfois tragiques, de notre of the Grand Figures histoire. of Vidourle Camargue Au fil des récits, se découvre l’em- preinte du caractère affirmé de notre territoire. Chacun des per- sonnages, à sa manière aura in- The Vidourle Camargue PETR (Pôle fléchi le cours du destin, de l’amé- d'équilibre territorial rural – Territo- nagement, de l’économie locale, rial and Rural Balance Cluster) has ou, à l’inverse, aura puisé de ses suggested highlighting the unusual origines en Vidourle Camargue, les destinies of some of the principal ingrédients pour se construire un figures of the area. These men and parcours de vie exceptionnel. women, who may or may not be Ainsi, au travers des siècles, nous natives of the area, bear moving vous invitons à découvrir (ou redé- witness to significant, sometimes couvrir) 15 portraits d’hommes et tragic, episodes in our history. de femmes dont le destin particu- Through these accounts, an impres- lier fait résonner notre histoire et sion of our area's definite character suggère la visite de quelques lieux will emerge. Each of these charac- emblématiques de notre patri- ters in their own way will have in- moine en Vidourle Camargue . fluenced the course of the destiny, gue the development, the local eco- él 04 34 14 80 00 nomy, or on the contrary, will have taken from Vidourle Camargue the gue.fr ingredients to form an exceptional life journey. So, through the centuries, we invite you to discover (or rediscover) 15 portraits of men and women whose individual destiny resonates with our history and suggests a visit to various iconic places in our Vidourle Camargue heritage. Profitant de son départ aux croisades 1 depuis Saint-Gilles en 1248, Louis IX proposa à l’Abbaye de Psalmodi qui Louis IX exploite des pêcheries dans la baie d’échanger des terres céréalières ou Saint Louis à Sommières contre le marais de (1214-1270) l’Agou Mour jouxtant le littoral pour Le royaume construire le port en retrait de la mer, sur la Méditerranée mais reliée par un grau (le futur Grau- du-Roi), le protégeant des attaques. Né le 25 avril 1214 à Poissy, Louis IX est Il change ainsi définitivement la géo- sacré roi à 12 ans en 1226, alors que sa politique locale, le destin de la baie et mère Blanche de Castille, première ré- aménage durablement le territoire. Le gente officielle du royaume gouverne port d’Aigues-Mortes génère un essor jusqu’en 1235. Il reçoit une éducation économique extraordinaire, son pe- très poussée, sur les plans moral et tit-fils Philippe IV le Bel, crée le salin religieux. Sous son règne, il fit passer royal en 1290 et rachète la baronnie la France d’un système féodal à celui de Lunel pour capter le sel du Langue- d’un royaume préfigurant « l’État-Na- doc. Le sel remonte par le Rhône dès tion ». Roi très pieux, il partit 2 fois en 1301 et fera la fortune du royaume de / B&Bg. croisade depuis Saint-Gilles du Gard France jusqu’à la Révolution avec l’ins- en1248 et Aigues-Mortes en 1270. Il tauration de la gabelle en 1341 par Phi- meurt en 1270, à Tunis. lippe VI arrière-petit-fils de Louis IX. En s’emparant de la baie le royaume Louis IX et la création de France a laissé de vénérables mo- du port d’Aigues-Mortes numents témoins de cette époque : Le Comté de Toulouse, actuelle Occi- Notre-Dame des Sablons, les tours et tanie est une riche province exploitant remparts d’Aigues-Mortes construits de nombreuses salines sur ces étangs par Louis IX et Philippe III le Hardi, littoraux. Ceci fait la fortune des sei- la tour Carbonière et sa route sur le gneurs locaux, les Bermond de Sauve marais construite au XIVe siècle par et d’Uzès, les Gaucelm de Lunel sont Philippe le Bel, puis le fort de Peccais tous exploitants. construit par Henri IV, descendant di- C’est une province issue du partage ca- rect du dernier fils de Louis IX, Robert rolingien, indépendante du royaume. de Clermont. Elle attire les convoitises des Capet, devenus rois de France, qui souhaitent créer un port français sur la Méditer- ranée pour échanger avec l’Orient. La croisade des Albigeois de 1209 va leur fournir l’occasion de la récupérer. Blanche de Castille impose au comte de Toulouse vaincu, par le Traité de Paris de 1229, de marier son héritière / BNF Musée du Désert Mission patrimoine .PETR Vidourle Camargue : P.Carlier. Crédits unique à son fils Alphonse de Poitiers, frère du roi. Alphonse devient donc le nouveau comte, vassal du royaume. Sommières, siège de l’administration royale, avait servi dès 1220 de tête de pont au projet. Un premier sénéchal s’y était installé au château avant d’al- ler à Nîmes. s 1 forced the defeated count of Toulouse's X Louis IX or Saint Louis sole heir to marry her son Alphonse of i (1214-1270) Poitier, the king's brother. Alphonse be- e came the new count and kingdom's vas- s The Mediterranean kingdom sal. Sommières, seat of the royal admi- s de nistration, was the bridgehead for this r Born on 25th April 1214 at Poissy, Louis project from 1220. A first seneschal lived , IX was crowned king at the age of 12 in 1226, whilst his mother Blanche of Cas- in the château before going to Nîmes. tile, the first official regent of the realm, Taking advantage of his departure for reigned until 1235. He received a very the Crusades from Saint-Gilles in 1248, Louis IX offered the Abbey of Psalmo- t thorough education, on moral and re- di, which managed the bay's fishing, e ligious matters. During his reign, he grain-growing land in exchange for or took France from a feudal system to one which foreshadowed a "Nation-State" the marshland at Agou Mour along the coast to construct a port back from the n Kingdom. The very pious king went on sea, but linked by a channel (the future e crusades twice from Saint-Gilles du Gard in1248 and Aigues-Mortes in 1270. Grau-le-Roi), which would protect it from attacks. s He died in Tunis in 1270. He completely changed the local geo- e de politics, the bay's destiny and set / B&Bg. the land up for the long-term. The Ai- gues-Mortes port created an incredible economic boom, his grandson Philip IV e founded the royal salt factory in 1290 and bought the Lunel barony to tap into ue : the Languedoc's salt. Salt was brought t up the Rhône from 1301 and made the s French Kingdom's fortune until the Re- , volution, with the levying of the salt tax e in 1341 by Philip VI, great-grandson of r Louis IX. s The French kingdom left behind vene- rable monuments that bear witness to the period when they captured the bay: Notre-Dame des Sablons, the towers Louis IX and the creation and ramparts in Aigues-Mortes built by of the port of Aigues-Mortes Louis IX and Philip III the Bold, Carbo- The County of Toulouse, what is now Oc- nière tower and its marsh road built in citania, was a rich province with count- the 14th century by Philip the Fair, then less salt factories on the coastal lakes. the Peccais fort built by Henri IV, a direct It made local rulers' their fortunes, e.g. descendant of Louis IX's youngest son, the Bermonds in Sauve and Uzès and Robert de Clermont. Crédits : P.Carlier. Mission patrimoine .PETR Vidourle Camargue / BNF Musée du Désert Mission patrimoine .PETR Vidourle Camargue : P.Carlier. Crédits the Gaucelms in Lunel. The province came from the Carolingian break-up, independent of the kingdom. It caught the attention of the Capets who had become French kings and wanted to build a French port on the Mediterranean to trade with the East. Their chance to capture it came in 1209 with the Albigeois crusade. Using the 1229 Treaty of Paris, Blanche of Castile Guillaume sur la découverte de ses dossiers au Trésor des Chartes, menés par Sébas- 2 de Nogaret tien Nadiras, conservateur aux archives (1260 ?–1313) nationales, ont le mérite de donner une Un père de l’État-Nation nouvelle image plus réaliste de ce père de l’État-Nation. Il quitte enfin l’univers romanesque dans lequel historiens et romanciers du passé l’avait confiné. Reste aux historiens du XXIe siècle de lui rendre la place qu’il mérite dans l’histoire des institutions françaises. Guillaume de Nogaret, seigneur de la Vaunage et de la Petite Camargue Guillaume de Nogaret fait partie des « hommes nouveaux », passé au ser- vice du roi pour ses compétences. Sans doute formé à Bologne puis entré au service des Roi d’Aragon à Mont- pellier, il fonde en 1285, la chaire de Droit romain à l’université.
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