DOCSLIB.ORG

Different Generations of Manufacturing Processes: a Critical Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Different Generations of Manufacturing Processes: a Critical Review International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 5, September–October 2016, pp.250–271, Article ID: IJMET_07_05_026 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=7&Issue=5 Journal Impact Factor (2016): 9.2286 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication DIFFERENT GENERATIONS OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES: A CRITICAL REVIEW Akshay Sanghavi, Utsav Khan, Snehaditya Sen, Eashan Sikder and Dr.Sushanta Tripathy Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India ABSTRACT This paper attempts to form a chronological record of the various manufacturing processes from their period of origin to their modern iterations, including the various stages of evolution undergone by these.This attempt has been made in order to highlight the particular necessities which led to upgrading of each process from its former iteration so as to provide a line of thought for modern inventors to exploit and come up with ideas to further optimize and modernise these manufacturing processes. This would help to break new grounds in the field of manufacturing and hence enable more efficient use of available resources and also obtain more precise and accurate products. Cite this Article: Akshay Sanghavi, Utsav Khan, Snehaditya Sen, Eashan Sikder and Dr. Sushanta Tripathy, Different Generations of Manufacturing Processes: A Critical Review. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp. 250–271. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=7&Issue=5 1. INTRODUCTION The subject matter of this paper is to present the development and change of Manufacturing Process in different generations.We shall represent various developments and innovations in the time distinguishing different possibilities of growth and research. The processes from the beginning have been divided into various sections and to be specific it is being cleaved into 8 generations with a decade making up a generation.In total 8 generations are illustrated from the origin of production and until the future. We have taken into consider the commonly used methods as the overheads and gave way to branching as the timeline proceeded and approached towards the modern methods.The noteworthy aspect in the content below, is the fact that the new methods have emerged as solutions to some problems faced with the preceding methods.Any succeeding method comes with some advantage in terms of resource utilisation and/or utility. Some of the methods have come to existence in order to achieve highly specific requirements and find less extensive use, however, these cannot be completely done away with.As new materials are being discovered or synthesised and new technologies are being implemented, the sphere of manufacturing processes is also changing its characteristics.Not only are the older root processes undergoing branching, but also some new root processes are coming into existence, which hardly bear much significance with the older processes.This only indicates that the possibilities of the future are endless and this fact is fairly motivating for the researchers in this field of study. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 250 [email protected] Different Generations of Manufacturing Processes: A Critical Review Generation 8 Generation 7 Generation 6 Generation 5 Generation 4 Generation 3 Generation 2 Generation 1 Figure 1 Schematic Illustration of different generations Generation 1 • Investment Casting • Rolling • ARC WELDING: • Composite material • Grist Mill - 71 BC • Sand Casting • Smith Forging 1881(PARIS) :1907 • Hammer Mill - 4th • Centrifugal Casting • Thermoforming • Shielded metal arc Century • Die Casting • Stamping welding (SMAW):Around • first boring machine 1900 • Continous Casting • Press Forging tool in 1775. • OXY-FUEL WELDING: • Power Metallurgy • Turning - 1850s 1903 • Drop Forging • Ball Mill - 1870s • LOW-FREQUENCY • true milling machine- ELECTRIC RESISTANCE 1912. WELDING: 1920s until • 1940, automation via 1970 cams • Submerged arc welding • Ultrasonic Machining - (SAW): IN 1935 1945 • Electroslag welding (ESW): February 1940 JOINING CASTING (patent 2191481) • Gas tungsten arc welding MACHINING (GTAW): 1941 • Gas metal arc welding (GMAW):In 1948 MOLDING AND FORMING MOLDING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ADDITIVE http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 251 [email protected] Akshay Sanghavi, Utsav Khan, Snehaditya Sen, Eashan Sikder and Dr. Sushanta Tripathy Generations 2 and 3 • Full Mould Casting • Vaccum Forming - • Flux-cored arc • 1950s, servomechani and Lost Foam 1950 welding (FCAW): sms were applied to Casting - 1958. 1950s ) computerized • Spray Forming - numerical control • Rheo Casting - 1970. • Ultrasonic (CNC). 1971 • Hot isostatic Welding (USW): • 1952, numerical • Counter Gravity pressing (HIP)- 1965 control reached the Casting - 1972 1970s developmental stage of laboratory reality • Metal injection • electron System - 1970s beam processing • Rapid prototyping machine - 1952. • 1970s gas-assisted • Rotary ultrasonic injection molding machining was invented by Legge JOINING CASTING (1964). MACHINING • 1965, the first production laser cutting machine • 1967, laser-assisted oxygen jet cutting MOULDING AND FORMING MOULDING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ADDITIVE • NC evolved into CNC - 1970 Generations 4-8 • 1990 Aluminum • Friction Stir welding - • Selective Laser • Integrated plasma, a 1991 Sintering (SLS): mid- system that closely molds first used • Introduction of magnetic 1980s widely in injection coupled the CNC, the pulse welding. • Fused deposition plasma power moulding • Development of laser- modelling (FDM) : 1980 arc-hybrid welding • 3D PRINTING :1984 supply, the gas flow • Development of Gas • Stereolithography (SLA): control, the CAM Metal Arc Welding- 1986 software, and the Brazing, an process for • Cold spraying, involves height control welding steel used in blasting metallic system to automate autos. Process uses a particles through a the process. filler metal comprised of nozzle at such high silicon with a copper speeds that they bind to alloy. 2013 each other to form • Low-carbon steel and shapes. aluminum welding using • Digital manufacturing a lap joint and laser JOINING technologies. CASTING technology - 2013. • Advanced Water Removal via Membrane MACHINING Solvent-Extraction Technology. MOLDING AND FORMING MOLDING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ADDITIVE 2. LITERATURE REVIEW The research on the manufacturing process of the future has gained huge attention of the engineers and researchers in present times.This need and urgency has led to advancement in manufacturing production. 2. 1) Casting –Casting is the 6000 years old process and helps to produce various products complex in shape whose production would not have been viable with other process. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 252 [email protected] Different Generations of Manufacturing Processes: A Critical Review A. Investment Casting -Investment Casting is the oldest known metal forming process.It acquires its name from the refractory material investing the pattern.It produces products with excellent surface quality and low tolerances with minimum machining process required.The paper by S.Jones and C. Yuan on Investment Casting focuses on the advancement in shell moulding in the process.The Inference available is that with the improvement of Mechanical properties of the ceramic shell will lead to greater success in improving the performance.The other paper by Jean-Christophe Gebelin, Mark R Jolly describes the whole Investment Casting process modelling. Author(s) Focus Findings S. Jones and C. Yuan. The advancement in shell The paper explains the basic method (2nd December 2002) moulding for the applied for casting and its advantage in Investment casting. different sectors.Development of the Mechanical and Physical properties the ceramic shell will get us to the goal of improving shell performance. Jean-Christophe Gebelin, Investment casting The main finding from the paper is the Mark R Jolly. process modelling. understanding of the physical (20th Feb 2003) phenomenon controlling investment casting processes.The results are compared with the experimental data and then presented. Figure 2 Investment Casting (Source: http://moderninvestmentcast. com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/investing-casting. png) B. Sand Casting - Sand casting is a good option, if you already have a part.And you can draw a parting line on the part so that the both halves can be pulled from the sand without distorting the sand.The paper by Jilin Li, Rongshi Chen, ,Yuequn Ma, Wei Ke analyses the Microporosity Defect in Sand Cast WE54 Alloy Castings.The experimental results obtained confirm the theoretically proved defects.The next one by Yuki Inouea, Yuichi Motoyamaa, Hiroki Takahashia, Keita Shinjia, MakotoYoshidab finds the restraints force by FEM analysis.The other paper points out the loads in casting and the effects of after casting. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 253 [email protected] Akshay Sanghavi, Utsav Khan, Snehaditya Sen, Eashan Sikder and Dr. Sushanta Tripathy Author(s) Focus Findings Jilin Li, Rongshi Chen, Characterization and The microstructure of the microporositydefects on Yuequn Ma, Wei Ke. Prediction of the WE54 alloysand casting wasobserved by (1st April 2014) MicroporosityDefect in Sand opticalmicroscopy and scanning Cast WE54 Alloy Castings. electronmicroscopy.By comparing the experimental and simulatingresults, itisfoundthat the predictedmicroporosityregions by Niyamacriterionagreeswellwithexperimentalresults.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 6. Representation in Existing Surveys
    FHR-8-300 (11-78) United States Department off the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name historic Windischar's General Blacksmith Shop and/or common Weissenfels' Blacksmith Shop 2. Location street & number Sheridan St. not for publication city, town Mt. Angel vicinity of congressional district 2nd state Oregon code 41 county Marion code 047 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public occupied agriculture** museum X building(s) X private X unoccupied X commercial park structure both work in progress educational private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object in process X yes: restricted government scientific being considered yes: unrestricted X industrial transportation no military other; 4. Owner of Property name See continuation sheet street & number city, town vicinity of state 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Marion County Courthouse street & number city, town Salem state Oregon 97301 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title None has this property been determined elegible? yes X no date federal state county local depository for survey records city, town state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one excellent deteriorated unaltered X original site good ruins _ K_ altered _JLfair unexposed Describe the present and original (iff known) physical appearance The blacksmith shop built for John Wind ischar (the vari ent spelling of the name is Windishar) in the agricultural community of Mt. Angel in Oregon 's Willamette Valley some time between 1902 and 1905 was enlarged in 1922 by the addition of a barn building and a 13-foot connecting section to the rear.
    [Show full text]
  • Baseline Survey Report on Blacksmith
    BASELINE SURVEY REPORT ON ENCOURAGING BLACKSMITHS TO SEEK FURTHER TRAININGIN ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODSKILLS TO ILLICIT WEAPONS IMPLEMENTED BY: SIERRA LEONE ACTION NETWORK (SLANSA) AND LOCAL PARTNERS. FUNDED BY: UNITED NATIONS TRUST FACILITY SUPPORTING COOPERATION ON ARMS REGULATIONS (UNSCAR).APRIL, 2017. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER TITLE PAGE ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii LIST OF GRAPHS/TABLES iv GLOSSARY/ACRONYMS v-vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii- CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND 1- 3 CHAPTER TWO VIEWS ON BLACKSMITHERY 4 - 6 CHAPTER THREE SURVEY METHODOLOGY 7 CHAPTER FOUR SURVEY FINDINGS 8- 13 CHAPTER FIVE RECOMMENDATIONS/CONCLUSIONS 14 -16 APPENDICES A BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES B. DATABASE OF BLACKSMITH INTERVIEW ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Surveys are technical and scientific exercises that normally require the collective inputs from all key players if it could gain the expected goals. This survey wouldn’t have been completed without the valuable contributions of some key persons. The effort of SLANSA Network members, enumerators and Field supervisors and all those involved in the survey and production of report is highly appreciated. iii LIST OF GRAPH AND FIGURES PAGE Fig. 1 Gender Distribution among respondents 8 Fig. 2 A bar graph showing Blacksmiths who currently active in production. 9 Fig. 3 A pie chart showing Blacksmiths who were or are manufacturing Guns. 10 Fig.4 A linear graph showing Respondents who are willing to stop producing Guns and seek further training in alternative livelihood skills. 11 Fig. 5 Gunsmiths who intend to register with the Sierra Leone National Commission on Small Arms to become licensed gunsmiths. 12 Fig. 6 Histograph showing /Blacksmiths who said they have ready market to sell their products.
    [Show full text]
  • Edition November 2014 95
    EDITION NOVEMBER 2014 95 QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE AUSTRALIAN BLACKSMITHS ASSOCIATION (VICTORIA) INC. THE DRIFT EDITION 95 NOVEMBER 2014 Quarterly Newsletter of the Contents Australian Blacksmiths Association (Victoria) Inc. Reg. # A0022819F EDITOR 04 05 06 09 10 D.Tarrant President’s Secretaries Unmaking AGM Bernhard Report Report Nick Hackett “Minutes” Wyrsch Ash Naylor Bernhard (After Victorian hours please Wyrsch i.e., after 5pm AEST or AESST) All correspondence to: 12 14 15 16 18 ABA (Vic) Inc. From the Having a Go Cutlery in Girls Go Association PO Box 408 Patron Ben Sokol England Hammer and Notices Heidelberg VIC 3084 Keith Towe Don Marshall Tong Association website: Rachel Kane www.abavic.org.au Workdays @ The Barn Our regular workdays are fortnightly on Sundays from 10am until 4.30pm. Check the calendar on VISITORS’ CENTRE The Barn is part of the back cover for dates. Also listed at http://www. & CAFE The Cooper’s Settlement, abavic.org.au Bundoora Park, Plenty Road, Bundoora. Melways reference: The Committee will open The Barn at other mutually conven- Map 19, F4 ient times; please call the Secretary to arrange a time. COOPER’S SETTLEMENT SOUTH Committee Meetings GATE THE BARN COMMITTEE MEMBERS The Committee usually meets every second month at The Barn on a Sunday workday at 10am. Members are BUNDOORA PATRON most welcome to attend and, if invited, may participate. PARK Keith Towe PLENTY RD. PRESIDENT The Drift accepts advertising deemed by the Committee to be of interest to members. Advertising rates are: $20 1/4 page $35 1/2 page $60 full page $75 3/4 back cover Nick Hackett: Contact Alice Garrett, Treasurer, to book space and organise payment: Deadline for next issue: 1 January 2015 CITY VICE PRESIDENT Phil Pyros: SECRETARY Purposes & Objectives of the ABA (Vic) Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Blacksmith and Essential Skills
    Literacy and Essential Skills in Industrial Arts BLACKSMITH COURSE Student Notes A project of Literacy Ontario Central South This project is funded by the Government of Canada’s Office of Literacy and Essential Skills ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LOCS would like to gratefully acknowledge the Office of Literacy and Essential Skills, Human Resources Development Canada for funding this project. The Literacy and Essential Skills Project Team Lesley Hamilton – Project Manager David Haw – Project Coordinator Shelley McCarrell – Project Assistant Elise Noriega – Project Assistant Carrie Wakeford – Project Writer Brigid Hayes – Project Evaluator Advisory Committee Andrew Rothfischer – Ministry of Natural Resources Doug Noyes – Literacy Link Eastern Ontario Kathy Neill – John Howard Society of Peterborough Sheila Cowan – LOCS Board of Directors Walter Johnstone – Youth Emergency Shelter LOCS would like to extend a heartfelt thanks to David Haw, the Project Coordinator without whom this project would not have been successful. The vision that David brought to this project was the driver that made everything happen. LOCS would like to thank the blacksmith artists Tracy Greene and Daryl Sanders who worked with us to create course material. Not only did they work with the writer but they delivered a pilot course of the material created. © 2010 Literacy Ontario Central South Literacy and Essential Skills in Industrial Arts – Blacksmith The following participants took part in the piloting of the material: Ruby Albert Tyerne Clark Jamie Sanderson Melanie Stephen Steven Sykes This was extremely successful with these students and they deserve a big thank you for the time and effort for assisting us with this. LOCS would like to acknowledge Carrie Wakeford for the tremendous job of writing this material.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anvil's Chorus
    The Anvil’s Chorus November 2001 Page 2 The Anvil’s Chorus Executive Committee ( Board of Directors): President: Bill Banker – 607-276-6956, PO Box 174 Almond, NY 14804, e-mail: [email protected] Vice President: Verner Hornquist – 716–433-7570, 6062 Shaffer Rd. Lockport, NY 14094 Treasurer: Dick Rightmyer – 585-293-3299, 251 Leibeck Rd. Churchville, NY 14428, e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Harold Hopkinson – 315-682-6314, 4590 South Brookhill Dr. Malius, NY 13104, email: [email protected] Forgemasters: Adirondack: John Scarlett – 315-324-5635 Niagara: Bob Corneck – 716-741-4311, e-mail: [email protected] Genesee: Dick Rightmyer – 585-293-3299, e-mail: [email protected] Mohawk: Dale Barrows – 607-849-3198, e-mail: [email protected] Southern Tier: John Fee – 607-523-6677, e-mail: [email protected] Newsletter editor: Al Butlak – 716-894-7185, 1351 Walden Ave. Buffalo, NY 14211, e-mail: [email protected] Scholarship Chairperson: Jim Robarr – 716-433-8564, e-mail: [email protected] Nominations Chairperson- Your name could be here, volunteer! The Cover: A group of NYSDB members who were present at the all state meeting at Jeff Jubenville's shop in Kent, NY that was a two-day event for the entire membership. A write up on the meeting will appear elsewhere in this issue. The Anvil’s Chorus is composed and written by the editor except as indicated. Material may be reprinted except as noted as long as proper credit is given to NYSDB. It’s officers, demonstrator's writers, editor, and members specifically dis- claim any responsibility or liability for any damages or injuries as a result of the use of any information published in the Anvil’s Chorus.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Penetration Test (Spt) Correction
    Parris N. Glendening Maryland Department of Transportation Governor John D. Porcari State Highway Administration Secretary Parker F. Williams Administrator RESEARCH REPORT STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) CORRECTION BY M. SHERIF AGGOUR AND W. ROSE RADDING THE BRIDGE ENGINEERING SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGY (BEST) CENTER DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742 SP007B48 FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2001 The contents of this report reflect the views of the author who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Maryland State Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) CORRECTION Report Submitted to Maryland State Highway Administration Office of Policy and Research Contract No: SP007B48 by M. Sherif Aggour and W. Rose Radding Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20742 September 2001 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. MD02-007B48 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date September 30, 2001 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) CORRECTION 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author/s 8. Performing Organization Report No. M.Sherif Aggour and W. Rose Radding 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 11. Contract or Grant No. University of Maryland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College Park, MD 20742-3021 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Maryland State Highway Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Office of Policy & Research 707 N.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Salisbury Village Blacksmith Shop Other names/site number: Petersen Family Blacksmith Shop Name of related multiple property N/A (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing) ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: 925 Maple Street City or town: Salisbury State: Vermont County: Addison Not For Publication: N/A Vicinity: N/A ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: __national __statewide _X_local Applicable National Register Criteria: _ _A ___B _X_C ___D Signature of certifying official/Title: Date ______________________________________________ State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Eugene 5160 Club
    The Mostly Monthly Newsletter of the EugeneEugene 51605160 ClubClub ~~ MayMay 20152015 https://www.facebook.com/5160Club newsletter archive: http://www.elementalforge.com/5160Club/ Approximately 700 layers 1095/15N20, brass bolster, curly maple handle finished with a mix of carnauba wax, bee's wax, and food grade mineral oil. Mosaic May Meeting pin by Sally Martin. at David Thompson's shop That's right – the wandering 5160 Club has found a new home! The Thompsons have graciously offered David's shop for 5160 Club meetings. If you didn't get the directions in the members' email, email me directly for them: [email protected]. th The meeting is on May 7 – 6:00pm – warm clothes I put a slight reverse distal taper on it to have a little and a folding chair are recommended (David has a more weight out at the end of the blade for chopping. few chairs but we might run short). After tempering it's about a 60 Rockwell. I'll put a longer handle on the next one I make. Hands off the tools & equipment unless David is supervising. If you've been to the shop – where we had the hammer-in and Goddard appreciation Julious Griffith was up next – a new arrival in gathering last year – then you know we have found a our neck of the woods, Julious has been making great place to meet. Bring your show-and-tell! knives for some time. He also runs several Facebook groups focused on custom knife making. Check out: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Customknivesbymaker/ AprilApril MeetingMeeting NotesNotes Our meeting at Sizzler started out by singing “Happy Birthday” with the other party sharing the meeting room - honoring their matriarch's 99th birthday! A couple of folks from their party buttonholed us for info at the end of the evening – so it was all good.
    [Show full text]
  • CAPABILITIES in MEXICO © January 2018, Promexico
    CAPABILITIES IN MEXICO © January 2018, ProMexico Business Intelligence Unit: Marco Erick Espinosa Vincens, Head of Unit Claudia Esteves Cano, Executive Director of Strategy Jose Mariano Moreno Blat, Strategy and Prospective Analysis Coordinator Nevid Meza Rodriguez, Project Consultant (In charge of Project) Luisa Regina Morales Suarez, Economic Information Analyst The purpose of this publication is to map the installed capacities of Mexican forging companies. The information presented here was gathered from public sources as well as from surveys to several Mexican companies. ProMexico accepts no liability for any inaccurate information or content published here. FORGING CAPABILITIES IN MEXICO CAPABILITIES IN MEXICO 1. INTRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF 2. MEXICAN PRODUCTION 3. CAPACITIES MATRIX BUSINESS 4. OPPORTUNITIES 5. FINAL REMARKS DIRECTORY OF 6. MEXICAN COMPANIES CONTENTS 1 1. INTRODUCTION FORGING CAPABILITIES IN MEXICO Forging is one of the oldest metal manufacturing processes in the world. It was originally used to make jewellery, coins, and hand tools. Nowadays, forged parts include automotive components, turbine rotors, gears, lug nuts, valve components, and machine parts, among others. Basically, forging is a manufacturing process used to shape materials, usually steel or aluminium, until the desired shape is obtained without damaging the material’s proper- ties. Given that forging increases the material hardness, yield stress, strength, and tena- city, forged parts are used to manufacture many products that benefit from the parts’ mechanical properties. Forging is one of the main seven metal-mechanic proces- In our efforts, we have identified and selected the sec- ses that, together with stamping, casting, machining, plas- tor’s main companies in Mexico. We have also gathered tic injection moulding, mould-dies, and die-casting, create information on the different forging processes they uti- great opportunities in Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Bladesmithing at the TMS 2017 Annual Meeting.Pdf
    A Special Event at the TMS 2017 Annual Meeting & Exhibition Get Fired Up About the 2017 TMS Bladesmithing Competition! The TMS Bladesmithing Competition returns to TMS2017 to spark the imagination and sharpen engineering and scientific skills. Open to university teams from around the world, this competition challenges competitors to produce a knife or sword blade formed by hand hammering or trip hammer forging. Congratulations to the following teams for qualifying as contestants in the 2017 TMS Bladesmithing Competition. Teams are listed in alphabetical order by university. View all the team videos at www.tms.org/BladesmithingVideos. 2017 TMS Bladesmithing Rules • Produce a knife or sword blade 20–120 cm long (including handle). o Each team is limited to one blade. o Blades must be formed extensively by hand hammering/trip hammering or forge pressing. o Blades must not be sharpened (minimum edge radius = 0.5 mm). o There is no restriction on the starting material for the blades. Teams may use: purchased stock material; material that is alloyed, laminated, or otherwise processed by the team; or material smelted from ore. • Entries must include: o Video: Maximum of 5 minutes o Technical Report: Maximum of 10 pages (double spaced) o Poster: 24" x 36" Please Note: This poster size must be adhered to or your poster cannot be displayed. Poster file size should not exceed 48" in either direction (horizontal or vertically). A minimum of 150 ppi (pixels per inch) is required, but should not exceed 300 ppi. Please do not submit original files. Only the following file formats will be accepted for inclusion in the poster portion of the competition: JPEG, TIFF, PDF.
    [Show full text]
  • Blacksmith Shop Practice Arrangement and Equipment Forging of Hooks and Chains Welding Second Edition
    TJ UC-NRLF 25 CENTS 7 B 3 Dlfl vi V.6< BLACKSMITH SHOP PRACTICE ARRANGEMENT AND EQUIPMENT FORGING OF HOOKS AND CHAINS WELDING SECOND EDITION MACHINERY'S REFERENC^ BOOR NO. 61 PUBLISHED BY MACHINERY, NEW YORK MACHINERY'S REFERENCE SERIES EACH NUMBER IS ONE UNIT IN A COMPLETE LIBRARY OF MACHINE DESIGN AND SHOP PRACTICE REVISED AND REPUBLISHED FROM MACHINERY NUMBER 61 BLACKSMITH SHOP PRACTICE SECOND EDITION CONTENTS Arrangement and Equipment of a Model Blacksmith Shop, by JAMES CRAN - - 3 Welding, by JAMES CRAN - - 13 The Forging of Hooks and Chains, by JAMES CRAN - 24 Miscellaneous Blacksmith Shop Appliances and Methods - - - 31 Copyright. 1910. The Industrial Press, Publishers of MACHINERY 49-55 Lafayette Street. New York City CHAPTER 1 ARRANGEMENT AND EQUIPMENT OF A MODEL BLACKSMITH SHOP* Buildings for manufacturing purposes are as a rule constructed more or less in accordance with recognized standards that have been adopted on account of their adaptability for the particular class of work they are to be used for. In plants of the larger machine-building concerns and similar industries usually all buildings are of the same general style throughout with the exception of the blacksmith or forge shop, which is often entirely different. Why this should be, no good reason is apparent from a practical point of view, as the style adopted is often less suitable for the purpose than that of the other buildings, and the result is that very often blacksmiths and forge men have of neces- sity to work under conditions that are anything but an incentive to the best results.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY of WARNER (Extracts Taken from the Original Written in the “Red Book” in 1885) by FRED MYRON COLBY
    HISTORY OF WARNER (Extracts taken from the original written in the “Red Book” in 1885) BY FRED MYRON COLBY CHAPTER I The Grant and the Settlement.—The township of Warner is situated in the western portion of Merrimack County and is bounded as follows: North, by Sutton, Wilmot, Andover and Salisbury; east, by Salisbury and Webster; south, by Hopkinton and Henniker; west, by Bradford and Sutton. The area of the town comprises thirty-one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one acres; the number of acres of improved land is about twenty-one thousand. The centre of the town is eighteen miles from the State House at Concord in a northwesterly direction. The territory now embraced in the present limits of the town of Warner was granted in 1735, by the General Court of Massachusetts, to Thomas Stevens and sixty other inhabitants of Amesbury and Salisbury of that province, under the name of “Number One.” The terms of this grant were that each grantee should, within three years, clear and fence in five acres of land and build a house thereon, erect a church and “settle a learned orthodox minister;” otherwise it would revert to the province of Massachusetts. In April 1737, the several grantees met. The township was rechristened “New Amesbury,” in honor of the home of the larger number of the proprietors, and by June of the following year the allotments had been made and sixty-three house-lots, containing about five acres each, had been laid out. These lots were near the extreme southeast part of the town, at what is now called Davisville, where are located several excellent mill privileges.
    [Show full text]