(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.470,300 B2 Clark Et Al
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USOO8470300B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.470,300 B2 Clark et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 25, 2013 (54) COATED SENSORS AND METHODS FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS RELATED THERETO WO WO 2008/O16646 2, 2008 WO WO-2008/O16646 * 2/2008 (75) Inventors: Heather A. Clark, Lexington, MA (US); WO WO 2008/063151 5, 2008 Karen K. Gleason, Cambridge, MA WO WO 2008,153930 12/2008 (US); Salmaan Baxamusa, Cambridge, WO WO 2009/051703 4/2009 MA (US); John M. Dubach, Somerville, MA (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS Dubach, J. M. et al., “Fluorescent Ion-Selective Nanosensors for (73) Assignees: The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Intracellular Analysis with Improved Lifetime and Size” Nano Let Inc., Cambridge, MA (US); ters, 7(6):1827-1831 (2007). Massachusetts Institute of Technology, PCT/US2009/005065 International Search Report dated Feb. 15, Cambridge, MA (US) 2010. Xu, C et al., “Multicolour Quantum Dot Encoding for Polymeric (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Particle-Based Optical Ion Sensors'. Analytical Chemistry, patent is extended or adjusted under 35 79(10):3716-23 (2007). U.S.C. 154(b) by 568 days. * cited by examiner (21) Appl. No.: 12/584,528 (22) Filed: Sep. 8, 2009 Primary Examiner — Michael G. Hartley Assistant Examiner — Jagadishwar Samala (65) Prior Publication Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Foley & Lardner LLP US 2010/0221 188A1 Sep. 2, 2010 (57) ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data The invention provides coated sensors for detecting the pres (60) Provisional application No. 61/191,467, filed on Sep. ence of analytes. The sensor comprises one or more fluores 8, 2008. cent sources, such as one or more quantum dots or one or more fluorescent dyes, a polymeric matrix, a Surface coating, (51) Int. Cl. and one or more analyte sensing components. The Surface A6 IK 49/00 (2006.01) coating may be a conformal polymeric film, permeable to the CI2O I/02 (2006.01) analyte, which may be deposited via a solventless process (52) U.S. Cl. Such as initiated chemical vapor deposition or photoinitiated USPC ............................. 424/9.6; 424/417; 424/489 chemical vapor deposition. The Surface coating may increase (58) Field of Classification Search the biocompatibility of the sensor, reduce nonspecific protein USPC ................. 424/9.6, 417,489: 562/14, 31, 35, adsorption, and/or sequester functional sensor components 562/43, 44; 435/14, 29, 288.7 within the sensor. The invention also provides methods for See application file for complete search history. detecting the presence of an analyte with coated sensors of the invention. (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 19 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets 2006/0083688 A1* 4/2006 Singaram et al. .............. 424, 9.6 (7 of 15 Drawing Sheet(s) Filed in Color) U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 1 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 o 134 - 130 111 AGENT EXCITATION ANALYSS INTRODUCTION CONTROL MODULE MODULE MODULE - 108 106 Figure 1 U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 2 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 coating. 28 (a) (b) coating, 28 (a) (b) coating, 28 (b) Figure 4 U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 3 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 4 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 Figure 6. FLUORESCENT RESPONSE OF SOD TO Na r 0.0 |-- W ----------- O.O 0.5 10 1.5 2.O 2.5 3.0 log on mM U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 5 Of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 > I - - - - - OO nM Na f 6OOO - - - - - - 1 O in V. Na 2 - - - - - - - - - - 1 mM Na 4000 - - - - - - O Na CO S 2000 O - - O W ------ W-M ----& 550 600 650 700 (a) 4 Lo 3 st 2 2 1 W (b) -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 - 1 O log Na M Figure 8. CHANGING ABSORBANCE OF CHROMOIONOPHORE WITH CONCENTRATIONCANGING ON ESGN For O - - C N if 0.8 & v - --. -" M W -...-e-- ^ aD 0.6 N. .- . " 3. I N is 0.4 st O C. 35 -------e. : 0.2 & N < O ---to- ------...--—- --- ----- --- - - - - - - - 5OO 550 6OO 650 700 WAVELENGTH, nm Figure 9. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 6 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 4. 24 ORS 48 ORS 72 HOURS O. 22NT TROL ATEX Figure 10. No.z?? Figure 12. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 7 Of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 (a) - SODIUMNANO-SPHERES IN CLAYCOMB HL-1 CELLS FIELDSTIMULATED AT 1.0Hz 6113/06 3. 2O 2 - (b) o 0.5 O 5 20 2.5 3.0 vvvvv-u-v-m TIME (SEC) U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 8 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 polymer matrix, 20 r coating, 28 G9 ionic analyte, 21 ionophore, 22 (a proton, 23 67) chromoionophore, 24 photons, 25 quantum dot, wavelength 1, 26 Osun dot, wavelength 2, 27 Figure 14. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 9 Of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 polymer matrix, 20 r G ionic analyte, 28 ionophore, 22 K proton, 23 4) chromoionophore, 24 photons, 25 quantum dot, wavelength 1, 26 quantum dot, wavelength 2, 27 Figure 15. Figure 16. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 10 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 JiN LO AAR OERA FORSCENCE ASEANC FORSCENCE ESSION (VARIABLE WRT ISSION ,8 (CONSTANT) GLUCOSE RO , i GOOSE , AERO GCOSE a 42 5 4 3 25 WAVELENGTH, nM (a) (b) Figure 19. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 11 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 105 --- &W xSS8 w xx ------ .. - - - - - - - CONTROL . onese sees FRUCOSE ---e GCOSE 3. s O f TIME (MINUTES) Figure 20. 1 Warp Pressure 3 in age controls s Quartz Top Correer Throttling Butterfly Recirculating Wale cosia rter er a Figure 21. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 12 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 OOO 35 3 OO 25 O 2OOO SOO OOC Waven unber (cm) Figure 22. Figure 23. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 13 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 s 5 O 3 3. on 29 5 2 25 3. 35 40 (a) Residence time sec) s 50 5 40 3 5 3 2 5 2O O 0.2 0.4 0.6 .8 1 (b) Fractional saturation, PP" Figure 24. O 2 e O 0.2 O4 O. 6 0.8 t Fractional saturation, PP" Figure 25. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 14 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 Bare S i icon pHEMA Figure 26. Time ( Figure 27. ure 28. U.S. Patent Jun. 25, 2013 Sheet 15 of 15 US 8,470,300 B2 Figure 29. US 8,470,300 B2 1. 2 COATED SENSORS AND METHODS and/or fluorescent dye or dyes, a pH-sensitive dye, and RELATED THERETO optionally an ion-selective component Such as an ionophore. These elements may, for example, be disposed in a polymer CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED CASES matrix and/or in the Surface coating. In certain embodiments, the sensors may detectionic analytes by selective ion extrac This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional tion by the polymer matrix and/or coating, thereby inducing a Patent Application No. 61/191,467, entitled “Coated Sensors pH change within the sensor which in turn changes the absor and Methods Related Thereto' filed on Sep. 8, 2008, the bance of the pH-sensitive dye. The change of absorbance may entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in turn attenuate the intensity of detectable emissions, e.g., as if set forth herein in its entirety. 10 fluorescence, from the one or more quantum dots and/or fluorescent dye or dyes by directly absorbing their fluores BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION cence emissions. In other embodiments, the Subject sensors include coated Biological sensors are very useful for monitoring and sensors and sensor particles that may detect the presence of a understanding biological mechanisms, both within individual 15 chelatable analyte. Such as glucose, comprising a quantum cells and in more general biological environments such as the dot and/or a fluorescent dye or dyes, a polymer matrix com human body: For example, intra-cellular sensors offer a pow prising a polymer including moieties that bind the chelatable erful tool for understanding the mechanisms within a cell. analyte, a chromophore associated with the polymer matrix Such sensors can detect the presence or concentration of an that binds to the moieties in the absence of the chelatable analyte within the cell, and when multiple sensors are distrib analyte, and a surface coating. In some embodiments, pho uted within the interior of the cell, the presence of analytes in tons emitted by the quantum dot in an excited State are relation to different cellular organelles and the cell membrane absorbed by the chromophore in an unbound state but not by can be better understood. the chromophore in a bound state. The moieties may bind the An important consideration for sensors deployed for bio chelatable analyte and chromophore reversibly and competi logical applications is compatibility with the physiological 25 tively. In certain embodiments, the moieties are boronic acids environment. Sensors in the physiological environment are or boronic esters. In some embodiments, one or more com extremely Susceptible to nonspecific adsorption of biological ponents of the sensor. Such as the moieties and/or chro materials such as proteins. This nonspecific adsorption may mophore, are covalently bound to or associated with the poly degrade sensor performance as well as cause inflammation mer matrix. and thrombosis. Therefore, methods or compositions that 30 In certain aspects, the invention comprises methods for reduce nonspecific adsorption to biological sensors would be detecting the presence of an analyte in a medium using the highly desirable.