DOCSLIB.ORG

Durham E-Theses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses The faunal phases and palaeoecology of ostracod-mussel bands in the coal measures of the north and England Pollard, John Ernest How to cite: Pollard, John Ernest (1962) The faunal phases and palaeoecology of ostracod-mussel bands in the coal measures of the north and England, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9222/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 THE FAUNAL PHASES AND PALAEOEGOLOGY OF QSTRACOD-MUSSEL' BANDS IN THE COAL MEASURES OF THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. by John Ernest Pollard, M.A., F.G.S. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science in the University of Durham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. December 1962. VOLUME I - TEXT. Mi HAY kdm SECTION OBRAtO ABSTFACT. The stratigraphy of three ostracod-mussel bands occurring respectively in the Lower Modiolaris, Upper Communis and Upper Similis-Pulchra Zones of the Northumberland and Durham Coal Measures is described. The Hopkins' Band in the Lower Modiolaris Zone is compared with similar bands at an equivalent stratigraphical horizon in the Midgeholme and Cumberland coalfields. The dominant non-marine lamellibranchs in this band resemble, or are related to, Anthracosia regularis and Carbonicola oslancis. The Three Quarter ostracod-mussel band from the Communis Zone contains Ourvirimula and Carbonicola declevis, while the Claxheugh Shell Bed from the Upper Sirailis-Fulchra Zone contains Haiadites and forms resembling Anthraconauta phillipsi. The ostracod, annelid, plant and fish remains in these bands are also described. The validity and distinction of the ostracod genera Jonesina and Geisina are established and the species J. fastigiata, G. arcuata and G. subarcuata are described in detail. The ostracod species Carbonita cf. evelinae, C. cf. rankiniana, C. humilis, C. pungens. C. inflata, C. secans and C. concava sp. nov. are described from the Hopkins' Band and the presence of moults and dimorphic forms of these species is shown in the ostracod populations of the bands. The synonomay, morphology and stratigraphical ranges of the above species of ostracods from the British Coal Measures are reviewed and discussed. The true generic assignment and growth forms of the worm Microconchus (Spirorbis) pusillus are discussed. Vertical sequences of six "faunal phases" for the Hopkins' Band and three for the Three Quarter Band are deduced from a study of the respective faunas at several localities. These faunal phases are subsequently related to changing ecological conditions. The conditions under which the sediments of the Hopkins' Band were laid down are deduced from a study of the petrology of the sediments and their chemical composition. The orientation and associations of fossils in the sediments are recorded and the published information on palaeoecology and comparative ecology of living mussels and ostracods is reviewed. It is concluded that the Hopkins' Band was deposited in a brackish lagoonal environment at the beginning of a typical Coal Measurescyclothem. At first the richly carbonaceous bottom sediment of this lagoon prohibited the establishment of a benthonic fauna, but a change in the source and type of sediment and increase in turbulence enabled a mussel fauna to thrive with a reduction of the previously abundant pseudo-planktonic ostracod fauna. Increased sedimentation eliminated this fauna and the conditions became more deltaic. Similar environmental conditions are deduced for the Three Quarter Band, but the Claxheugh Shell Bed is believed to have formed in a small isolated brackish or fresh water lake within the main delta or swamp. LIST OF CONTENTS - VOLUME I ABSTRACT. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. Section A s The stratigraphy, palaeontology and faunal phases of the ostracod- Mussel bands. CHAPTER I % STRATIGRAPHY» Par:.Q Introduction »« • • .. o» • o © • ©« •. • o oo «o* ^ Previous work .. .. .. .. .. ^ 1. The Hopkins4 Band. a) Northumberland and Durham i) Description ii) Geographical distribution .. .. .. 5 iii) Stratigraphy and thickness variation .... 6 b) Cumberland - Eighteen Inch Band 8 Little Main Band 11 c) Midgeholme 1 2 d) Conclusion 1/t 2. The Three Quarter Seam ostracod-mussel Band .. ... i4 3. The Claxheugh Shell Bed .. .© .. «. 16 CHAPTER II ; PALAEONTOLOGY OF THE NON-MARINE LAMELLIBRANCHS Introduction .. 19 1. The Hopkins' Band. a) Variation in the non-marine lamellibranchs .. .. 2) i) Carbonicola 21 ii) Anthracosia 23 iii) Natadltes „ 25 iv) /\^\1\±^tOT\aAa., .. „ „. „ . 2 6 v) Curvirimula .<> .. „ 2 7 b) Vertical and lateral changes in mussel faunas .. 27 2o The Three Quarter Band ,. .„ „. 30 3. The Claxheugh Shell Bed .. .. 0. 32 CHAPTER III : PALAEONTOLOGY OF THE 03TRAC0DS. Introduction and previous work .<> „. »0 3^ lo Systematic Description .. .0 <,„ .. <> 0. 37 a) Geisina group. Classification 37 The generic assignment of G.arcuata Bean .... ?H i) Historical .. 3<> ii) Evidence from this study .. „ ho iii) Conclusions .. .. .0 kh Geisina arcuata Bean kd Geisina subarcuata Jones .. .. .. ? 5 Geisina robusta Kummerow 59 b) Carbonita group. Generic diagnosis, revised and discussed .. .. 61 Carbonita cf. evelinae Jones .. 66 Carbonita cf. rankiniana Jones and Kirkby .. .. 69 Carbonita humilis Jones and Kirkby .„ 73 Carbonita pungens Jones and Kirkby 7 b1 Carbonita inflata Jones and Kirkby ^3 Sarbonita secans Jones and Kirkby 00 Carbonita concava Vangerovi, nom.nov 92 2. Ostracod Populations. Introduction. a) Hopkins1 Band - Vertical variation ... .. „ 95 Lateral variation .. .. 97 b) Three Quarter Band .. 99 c) Glaxheugh Shell Bed. .. .. .0 .. 100 CHAPTER IV : SERPULIDS, FISH AND PLANTS. 1. Serpulidso Introduction .. .. .0 .. »o 103 a) Systematic description of Microconchus "Spirorbis" pusillus 104 b) Generic assignment of M.pusillus. Evidence from Hopkins' Band specimens .. lob1 i) Vail structure . 1 c>8 ii) Internal features . 10 H iii) Habitat differences 109 iv) Conclusions .. .. 109 c) Variations in the growth form of M.pusillis in the Hopkins' Band 110 2. Fish. Fish remains in Hopkins' Band, Three Quarter Band and Claxheugh Shell Bed .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 113 Environment of Coal Measure fish .. .. ll^i 3. Plants. Plant remains in the Hopkins1 Band .. 115 CHAPTER V ; FAUNAL PHASES. Introduction and previous work ..117 1. Faunal phases of the Hopkins' Band a) Vertical range of genera and species .. .. b) Detailed faunal phases . „ -^21 c) Changes in the faunal phases .. <, 12 4 2. Faunal. phases of the Three Quarter Band a) Vertical range of genera and species 128 b) Detailed faunal phases „. .» .0 .0 .. \J>\ 3. Conclusions' on the Fainal phases -^Zj. Section B : The evidence for the palaeoecology of the Hopkins' Band. CHAPTER VI : PETROLOGICAL EVIDENCE. Introduction, previous work and difficulties 1. The Sediments of the Hopkins' Band .. .. i) Mudstone conglomerate i^f, ii) Black shale 136 iii) Geisina Band 139 iv) Grey .shale and mudstone .. 1^1 v) Grey siliceous mudstone .. 142 vi) Laminated silty mudstone and siltstone .. -^3 vii) Sandstone »• o. .0 ikh 2» ix) Plant rich siltstones .. .0 .. 144 2. Features of Palaeocological Significance in sediments at Bearpark 1^(5 a) Texture .. .. b) Detrital constituents .. i. ihQ c) Matrix constituents .. .. 1^9 d) Sediment-fossil relationships 150 CHAPTER VII : GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE. Introduction and previous work .. .. <». .. ... 159 1. X-ray diffraction results .. 152 2. Geochemical analysis. Sodium, Potassium and alkali ratios 155 ^•otai Iron .. •• o* .. 00 15t; Car oon dioxide «. 00 o. .0 »© «o 00 o. o« 159 Sulphur .0 .0 .» o. o. 00 .* .0 o. 1.39 Phosphate 00 o. .o «o o. o. o. 13 S' Correlation total Fe, COg* sulphur and P£0^ 160 Organic carbon .. .. 162 Boron .. 16 3 3. Conclusions • •• 16 h CHAPTER VIII : FAUNAL EVIDENCE. Introduction .. 166 1. Non-marine lamellibranchs. a) Orientation in the Hopkins' Band .. .. 166 b) Deduced ecology of Coal Measures mussels 169 2. Ostracods. a) From Hopkins' Band .. .. .. .. 171 b) Palaeoecology in literature .. .. 172 c) Comparative ecology of living ostracods 173 i) Controlling factors .. «° 1.73 ii) Comparable biofacies 175 d) Conclusions on the ecology of Geisina and Carbonita .. 176 Section C : A reconstruction of the, _d_epositional and ecological history of the oatracod-mussel bands. CHAPTER IX : RECONSTRUCTION OF PALAEOECOLOGT. Introduction .. 17 ft 1. The Hopkins' Band. a) Depositional and ecological history at Bearpark Ot 00 ea 00 00 00 a* 00 00 J_ ^ 0 b) The lithofacies and sedimentary environments c) Comparison with Midgeholrae and Cumberland .0 iftf, 2. The Three Quarter Band 108 3. The Claxheugh Shell Bed 189 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 192 REFERENCES. 193 APPENDIX I. 210 APPENDIX II. 215 APPENDIX III. 221 INTRODUCTION The argillaceous rocks of the Coal Measures frequently contain an association of non-marine lamellibranchs and non-marine ostracods in distinct shell beds, which are often
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Geology of North-East Durham and South-East Northumberland
    THE GEOLOGY OF NORTH-EAST DURHAM AND SOUTH-EAST NORTHUMBERLAND. By DAVID WOOLACOTT, D.Sc., F.G.S. Read May 3rd, 1912. CONTENTS. PAGE I.-TABLE OF STRATA 87 II.-THE COAL MEASURES 88 II I.-IGNEOUS DYKES 9 1 I V.-THE PERMIAN SERIES 92 (a) The Yellow Sands . 93 (b) The Marl Slate . 94­ (c) The Magnesian Limestone 94- V.-THE HIATUS 101 Vr.-THE GLACIAL A:;D POST-GLACIAL DEPOSITS. 101 This Paper was prepared for the use of the Members of the Association attending the Whitsuntide Excursion of 1912, and was issued as a Pamphlet. It is now reprinted with a few slight alterations. I.-TABLE OF STRATA. HE Strata which occur in this district belong to the following T divisions in descending order:- S U bm e r ged forest (Whitburn Bay). Deposits of sand and gravel with marine shells (found up to the 150 ft. contour). RECENT A:;D GLACIAL.· ~ Mounds of sand and gravel. Kaims, De r osits of sand, leafy clay and re-asserted boulder clay. lThe stony boulder clay. UPPER PERMIA:; OR Middlesbrough red beds with salt, gypsum THURINGIAN (Der anhydrite and thin fossi liferous magnesian Zechstein). limestonet 300 ft. The Magnesian Limestone up to 800 ft. (Kupferschiefer) The :\1arl Slate 3 ft. MlIllJLE PER~lIAN OR SAXO:<lIAN. The Yellow Sands 0 to ISO ft. LOWER P~:RMIA)l OR ARTINSKIA:; The Yellow Sands? UPPER COAL MEASURES (Not represented.) • The greatest thickness 0' these superficial depesits proved by borings In the Northumberland and Durham Coalfield is 233 ft. at Newton Hall, l'ramwellgate, ncar Durham.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunderland City Council Highway Maintenance Programme 2021 - 2022
    'This map is based upon the Ordnance Survey material with the permission of the Ordnace Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Licence No. 100018385. Date 2021. SUNDERLAND CITY COUNCIL HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME 2021 - 2022 101 105 95 239 SOUTHWICK 228 FULWELL 92 REDHILL 104 106 115 111 102 100 115 103 109 118 107 WASHINGTON WEST 110 116 122 108 94 241 WASHINGTON NORTH 95 236 ST PETERS 163 CASTLE 112 164 97 113 119 123 120 165 Usworth 143 93 121 148 114 Castletown Sulgrave Springwell Donwell Concord 162 117 147 98 99 129 144 146 161 127 223 184 145 187 74 158 PALLION 191 180 188 73 70 MILLFIELD 157 125 207 Armstrong 189 67 HENDON WASHINGTON 46 124 48 186 126 71 233 159 75 160 215 65 76 Blackfell 234 170 240 190 68 60 142 181 69 166 Washington 136 ST ANNES Village Barmston 137 208 213 230 65 132 216 61 177 84 154 209 178 211 171 85 Oxclose WASHINGTONGlebe 183 182 173 225 72 156 244 172 214 185 Ashbrooke 243 CENTRAL 41 155 83 134 212 210 224 64 149 Biddick 63 131 B1405 BARNES ST MICHAELS Lambton 130 169 86 133 174 90 59 62 138 91 81 Ayton 175 128 40 193 176 82 35 179 195 150 WASHINGTON SANDHILLSpringwell 200 192 89 Emerson 194 87 EAST SHINEY ROW Grindon 204 WASHINGTON Hastings Hill 226 153 135 197 SOUTH 196 139 140 198 220 SILKSWORTH 43 152 Fatfield 141 Mount Ryhope Colliery Pleasant 44 203 151 201 ST CHADS 202 Penshaw 221 217 RYHOPE West 222 229 Herrington 199 57 218 205 206 42 80 79
    [Show full text]
  • Ostracoda of the Limestones of the Permian System
    OSTRACODA OF TEE / . SY, .D DAVIS . ., Aanaas State Colic of .~'C and Applied Science, 1950 A THESIS submitted in partial fulf illnent of tlie re, - I -ts for the decree [ Department of Geology and Geography K . : COLLEGE OP AGRICUL LIED SCIENCE • :' LO T4 i Pua i or t i Area Covered h .3 Irrv nation ••••••• 1 Stra ;!it ••••••••«•••••• 3 Pi. ads La • Methods* ••••• •• Identification of the - % *•#*«•*# ll|, . , 17 . Stra c DIstx- • . ..-oi'ossiln. « . s . 9k . .rposo o I Xxxvefl tion This investigation of the ostracode r.iicrofauna C . 10 line stones of the WoIfcamp seizes In Kansas v;as undertaken to obtain data on the abundance, and the strati/graphic and paloo- ccolocical distribution of the ostracodes. pus Studies of microfaunas have been devoted almost exclusively to bods of shale with only scattered sampling of the limestone..; of ore, it was felt that an investigation of this nature would add to our know- ledge of the micropaleontology of ostracodes. The spars ity of information on techniques of samolinr and prepax^ing limestones for mieropaleontological examination were other factors which posed a problem. It was fully realised that this problem would necessitate various trial and error methods both in the field and laboratory before a satisfactory technique could be developed. Although the main emphasis of the study was to be . ;n to the ostracodes of the limestones, other mierofossiis were not to be die . _'ded; on the contrary, they night yield valuable strat- -•aphic information, She forms, other than ostracodes, consid- ered to be most valuable stratigraphlcally were the foraminifers and the conodonts.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeoecology of a Hypersaline Carboniferous Ostracod Fauna
    J.rnicropalueontol., 6(2): 29-33, November 1987 Palaeoecology of a hypersaline Carboniferous ostracod fauna Chris P. Dewey Department of Geology and Geography, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, U.S.A. ABSTRACT- A high abundance, low diversity ostracod fauna has been collected from the Lower Carboniferous Dimock and Phillips limestones in Nova Scotia, Canada. The ostracod fauna consists of Paraparchites sp. aff. P. kellettae Sohn and Beyrichiopsis lophota Copeland, as well as rare specimens of Acratia acuta (Jones & Kirkby), Bythocypris aequalis (Jones & Kirkby), and Chamishaella sirborbiculata (Munster). Growth parameters for the dominant ostracod, Paraparchites sp. aff. P. kellettae, show that a multi-generation, progenetic, parthenogenetic population developed. This reproduc- tive strategy caused rapid population growth and thereby allowed the species to take advantage of the available environmental resources. When considered together, the ostracod fauna and the sedimentology indicate that physiologically stressful hypersaline conditions prevailed. The combined data therefore provide evidence for hypersalinity tolerance and heterochronous development amongst Carboniferous ostracods. INTRODUCTION (Dewey, 1983, 1985, in press). Most of the assemblages Lower Carboniferous deposits in the Maritime Basin are dominated by paraparchitacean ostracods, which of Nova Scotia, Canada, document a series of eustati- are often considered to be indicative of nearshore cally controlled, transgressive-regressive cycles (Giles, environments (van Ameron ef d..1Y70; Becker et af., 1981). Tectonic activity resulted in the development of 1974; Bless, 1983). several interconnected sub-basins (Howie & Barss, This paper exam i n e s t 11 e para parch i t a c ea n - 1975; Bradley, 1982). Consequently. the complex dominated ostracod fauna of a carbonate sabkha interaction of eustacy, tectonism and climate resulted environment from the Windsor Group of the Minas- in a range of palaeoenvironments that include alluvial Shubenacadie Sub-Basin in Nova Scotia (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunderland N E
    Sunderland_Main_Map.qxd:Sunderland 3/12/10 09:14 Page 1 B O To Cleadon To Whitburn, Marsden ET K Supermarket RE 558 E and South Shields A N E and South Shields ST R D R L A P&R M O O D L O RE N R Cornthwaite F . Cineworld N IL Grange 9 O W Park Park 558 N Boldon 26 R 30 I O East Boldon 558.E1 T E D R I V E F R O T 30 H I N T A L A N E E2.E6 30 R D S S T 50 A A C E T R E Boldon H E R R E T 50A R T Business Y (50) O 30 A N 9 A R 9 R X34 D E M O O W 1 Park T A S WAY E Y N W E E D N O T L I 18 R W D 19 35 A G N E BRANSDA S A D LE A 18.19 T N L SOUTH VE. I E . I P R N B D E E EAST A A A D WEST V B R O BENTS E A BOLDON N O N BOLDON W I S Regal Sunderland R D U A D S U Greyhound Stadium SOUTHBENTS AVE. B N T D E 18 I 19 H R L A W N D E N A R O L A D L Supermarket L S I H 9 H I W h i t b u r n N 99 50 E (50) 50A W 26 Boldon L B a y O D D .
    [Show full text]
  • On the Breccia Gashes of the Durham Coast. Lebour.G.A
    Durham E-Theses Some aspects of the geomorphology of the Durham coast Westgate, W. A. How to cite: Westgate, W. A. (1957) Some aspects of the geomorphology of the Durham coast, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8519/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. SOME ASPECTS OF THE G-EOMQRPHOLO GY OP THE DUHHAM COAST W.A. Westgate, B.Sc. Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D. in the University of Durham. February, 1957. Itmm?, not ** > \ i3i (i) This research was carried out whilst I was in receipt of a Nature Conservancy Research Studentship "between July 1953 and July 1955.
    [Show full text]
  • United States
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES ISTo. 146 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT Pit IN TING OFFICE 189C UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHAKLES D. WALCOTT, DI11ECTOK BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX NORTH AMEEICAN GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, PETEOLOGT, AND MINERALOGY THE YEA.R 1895 FEED BOUGHTON WEEKS WASHINGTON Cr O V E U N M K N T P K 1 N T I N G OFFICE 1890 CONTENTS. Page. Letter of trail smittal...... ....................... .......................... 7 Introduction.............'................................................... 9 List of publications examined............................................... 11 Classified key to tlio index .......................................... ........ 15 Bibliography ............................................................... 21 Index....................................................................... 89 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEEIOE, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, DIVISION OF GEOLOGY, Washington, D. 0., June 23, 1896. SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of a Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, and Mineralogy for the year 1895, and to request that it be published as a bulletin of the Survey. Very respectfully, F. B. WEEKS. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Director United States Geological Survey. 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, PETROLOGY, AND MINER­ ALOGY FOR THE YEAR 1895. By FRED BOUGHTON WEEKS. INTRODUCTION. The present work comprises a record of publications on North Ameri­ can geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the year 1895. It is planned on the same lines as the previous bulletins (Nos. 130 and 135), excepting that abstracts appearing in regular periodicals have been omitted in this volume. Bibliography. The bibliography consists of full titles of separate papers, classified by authors, an abbreviated reference to the publica­ tion in which the paper is printed, and a brief summary of the con­ tents, each paper being numbered for index reference.
    [Show full text]
  • The Carboniferous Evolution of Nova Scotia
    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 The Carboniferous evolution of Nova Scotia J. H. CALDER Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, PO Box 698, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2T9 Abstract: Nova Scotia during the Carboniferous lay at the heart of palaeoequatorial Euramerica in a broadly intermontane palaeoequatorial setting, the Maritimes-West-European province; to the west rose the orographic barrier imposed by the Appalachian Mountains, and to the south and east the Mauritanide-Hercynide belt. The geological affinity of Nova Scotia to Europe, reflected in elements of the Carboniferous flora and fauna, was mirrored in the evolution of geological thought even before the epochal visits of Sir Charles Lyell. The Maritimes Basin of eastern Canada, born of the Acadian-Caledonian orogeny that witnessed the suture of Iapetus in the Devonian, and shaped thereafter by the inexorable closing of Gondwana and Laurasia, comprises a near complete stratal sequence as great as 12 km thick which spans the Middle Devonian to the Lower Permian. Across the southern Maritimes Basin, in northern Nova Scotia, deep depocentres developed en echelon adjacent to a transform platelet boundary between terranes of Avalon and Gondwanan affinity. The subsequent history of the basins can be summarized as distension and rifting attended by bimodal volcanism waning through the Dinantian, with marked transpression in the Namurian and subsequent persistence of transcurrent movement linking Variscan deformation with Mauritainide-Appalachian convergence and Alleghenian thrusting. This Mid- Carboniferous event is pivotal in the Carboniferous evolution of Nova Scotia. Rapid subsidence adjacent to transcurrent faults in the early Westphalian was succeeded by thermal sag in the later Westphalian and ultimately by basin inversion and unroofing after the early Permian as equatorial Pangaea finally assembled and subsequently rifted again in the Triassic.
    [Show full text]
  • Northeast England – a History of Flash Flooding
    Northeast England – A history of flash flooding Introduction The main outcome of this review is a description of the extent of flooding during the major flash floods that have occurred over the period from the mid seventeenth century mainly from intense rainfall (many major storms with high totals but prolonged rainfall or thaw of melting snow have been omitted). This is presented as a flood chronicle with a summary description of each event. Sources of Information Descriptive information is contained in newspaper reports, diaries and further back in time, from Quarter Sessions bridge accounts and ecclesiastical records. The initial source for this study has been from Land of Singing Waters –Rivers and Great floods of Northumbria by the author of this chronology. This is supplemented by material from a card index set up during the research for Land of Singing Waters but which was not used in the book. The information in this book has in turn been taken from a variety of sources including newspaper accounts. A further search through newspaper records has been carried out using the British Newspaper Archive. This is a searchable archive with respect to key words where all occurrences of these words can be viewed. The search can be restricted by newspaper, by county, by region or for the whole of the UK. The search can also be restricted by decade, year and month. The full newspaper archive for northeast England has been searched year by year for occurrences of the words ‘flood’ and ‘thunder’. It was considered that occurrences of these words would identify any floods which might result from heavy rainfall.
    [Show full text]
  • The Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: B2 the Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: Lyell & Co's "Coal Age Galapagos" J.H
    GAC-MAC-CSPG-CSSS Pre-conference Field Trips A1 Contamination in the South Mountain Batholith and Port Mouton Pluton, southern Nova Scotia HALIFAX Building Bridges—across science, through time, around2005 the world D. Barrie Clarke and Saskia Erdmann A2 Salt tectonics and sedimentation in western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia Ian Davison and Chris Jauer A3 Glaciation and landscapes of the Halifax region, Nova Scotia Ralph Stea and John Gosse A4 Structural geology and vein arrays of lode gold deposits, Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia Rick Horne A5 Facies heterogeneity in lacustrine basins: the transtensional Moncton Basin (Mississippian) and extensional Fundy Basin (Triassic-Jurassic), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia David Keighley and David E. Brown A6 Geological setting of intrusion-related gold mineralization in southwestern New Brunswick Kathleen Thorne, Malcolm McLeod, Les Fyffe, and David Lentz A7 The Triassic-Jurassic faunal and floral transition in the Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia Paul Olsen, Jessica Whiteside, and Tim Fedak Post-conference Field Trips B1 Accretion of peri-Gondwanan terranes, northern mainland Nova Scotia Field Trip B2 and southern New Brunswick Sandra Barr, Susan Johnson, Brendan Murphy, Georgia Pe-Piper, David Piper, and Chris White The Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: B2 The Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: Lyell & Co's "Coal Age Galapagos" J.H. Calder, M.R. Gibling, and M.C. Rygel Lyell & Co's "Coal Age Galapagos” B3 Geology and volcanology of the Jurassic North Mountain Basalt, southern Nova Scotia Dan Kontak, Jarda Dostal,
    [Show full text]
  • Paleotectonic Investigations of the Permian System in the United States
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications of the US Geological Survey US Geological Survey 1967 Paleotectonic Investigations of the Permian System in the United States Edwin D. McKee Stephen S. Oriel Henry L. Berryhill Eleanor J. Crosby Donald A. Myers See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgspubs Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Hydrology Commons, and the Other Earth Sciences Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications of the US Geological Survey by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Edwin D. McKee, Stephen S. Oriel, Henry L. Berryhill, Eleanor J. Crosby, Donald A. Myers, George H. Dixon, Marjorie E. MacLachlan, Melville R. Mudge, Edwin K. Maughan, Richard P. Sheldon, Earl R. Cressman, Thomas M. Cheney, Walter E. Hallgarth, and Keith B. Ketner Paleotectonic Investigations of the Permian System in the United States GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROfESSIONAL PAPER 515 w- PALEOTECTONIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE PERMIAN SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES RECONSTRUCTION OF SEASCAPE IN GLASS MOUNTAIN AREA, BREWSTER COUNTY, TEXAS, DURING MIDDLE PART (LEONARD) OF PERMIAN TIME The reconstruction is based on a diorama prepared by George Marchard for the U- S National Museum. Technical assistance for the reconstruction was fur­ nished by G. Arthur Cooper and G. Edward Lewis. Paleotectonic Investigations of the Permian System in the United States By E. D. McKEE, S. S. ORIEL, and others GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 515 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1967 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L.
    [Show full text]
  • 08-Schneider Et Al. (Arthropleura).P65
    Lucas et al., eds., 2010, Carb-Permian transition in Cañon del Cobre. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 49. 49 EURAMERICAN LATE PENNSYLVANIAN / EARLY PERMIAN ARTHROPLEURID/TETRAPOD ASSOCIATIONS – IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HABITAT AND PALEOBIOLOGY OF THE LARGEST TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPOD JÖRG W. SCHNEIDER1, SPENCER G. LUCAS2, RALF WERNEBURG3 AND RONNY RÖßLER4 1 TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institut für Geologie, B.v.Cotta-Strasse 2, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany; 2 New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road N.W., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104; 3 Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Burgstrasse 6, D-98553 Schleusingen, Germany; 4 Museum für Naturkunde, Moritzstrasse 20, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany Abstract—The giant arthropod Arthropleura was a common member of the late Paleozoic continental biota of paleo-equatorial biomes for more than 35 million years, from the Early Carboniferous late Visean (FOD; Middle Mississippian, Asbian/Brigantian) up to the Early Permian lower Rotliegend (LOD = ?LAD; Asselian). In Upper Pennsylvanian red beds in Cañon del Cobre of northern New Mexico, trackways of Arthropleura are present in strata that also yield body fossils of the amphibian Eryops. We review the Arthropleura tracksite from Cañon del Cobre, New Mexico, as well as other tracksites of this animal and arthropleurid/eryopid associations in order to better interpret the paleoenvironmental preference and the paleobiology of Arthropleura. This review supports the conclusion that Arthropleura was well adapted to alluvial environments of ever wet humid to seasonally dry and semihumid climates. Preferred habitats of semi-adult and adult Arthropleura were open, vegetated, river landscapes. They co-occurred in these habitats with semi-aquatic eryopid amphibians and terrestrial pelycosaurs.
    [Show full text]