Kan CB 51.239 1958 (UM£| Travel and Recreation

PUBLISHED BY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION KANSAS TRAVEL STATE OFFICE BUILDING • TOPEKA

S t e v e E. Aduddell, Coffeyville, Chairman AND RECREATION G eorge E. L ist e r , Ottawa, Vice-chairman D ea n e E. Ac k ers, Topeka

E l l io t t B eld en , Salina STATE LIBRARY OF KANSAS ksdoc Lou M. B rya n t, City GUIDE R a lph J. D uvall, Kansas City M urray H. H odges, Olathe R o b er t P. S now den, Atchison 1958 EDITION ' 41 00089 9972 H arry L. S t e v e n s, Hutchinson

J ohn II. S t ic h e r , Director Eisenhower Museum at Abilene in north-central Kansas is a major point of ★ interest throughout the year. E r n est L. S t a n l e y , Director, Tourist Division D on R ichards, Editor

We Kansans Welcome You!

Many hands have cooperated to produce this Kansas; the great sweep of the high plains to guide book of interesting places in Kansas, and the west; the roadside parks, lakes and streams. likewise, many hands are ready to cooperate in Whether you come for a day, a few days, making your visit to the Sunflower State a or to make Kansas your permanent home, we pleasant one. As this hook will point out, Kan­ welcome you and hope you will stay as long sas has many attractions— scenic, recreational, as you can. historical, and industrial—which you will want to see. Plan to visit some of these attractions, and sample the friendly spirit of the people of Kansas, where there is still time and space to relax. Enjoy the rolling hills of eastern Kansas; the upland pastures and wheatlands of central G overno r 1 <4 W E K A N S A N S

THE KANSAS SCENE is far more varied than it may seem to the casual visitor. The elevation rises from about 700 feet above sea level in Buffalo, state animal southeastern Kansas to more than 4,000 feet Meadowlark, state bird Sunflower, state flower Cottonwood, state tree near the western border. The surface changes from the gently rolling landscape of eastern ments in Kansas, and about 4,200 wholesale sand and gravel. TRANSPORTATION. Kansas Kansas . . . to the upland pastureland of establishments. Total personal incomes of Kan­ holds second place in the nation in rural high­ the Flint Hills . . . to areas distinguished sans are now approximately $3.4 billion an­ way mileage, and third place in total highway by cliffs and canyons . . . and finally to nually. MANUFACTURING. Rising upon Kansas’ and city street mileage. Kansas ranks fifth in the high plains of the western part of the state. fertile and mineral-rich soil is a growing indus­ the in railway mileage, with 8,700 Thirteenth in area (82,276 square miles) among trial empire which already lists more than 3,250 miles of track owned by sixteen railroad com­ the states, Kansas is in the exact center of the plants turning out thousands of products ranging panies. More than 1,700 motor vehicle common nation. “Home on the Range,” composed in from glass fibers to bombers. Kansas ranked carriers operate some 800 inter-state routes in 1872 by Dr. Brewster Higley and Dan Kelley fourth in the nation in percentage increase of Kansas, and over 1,000 intra-state routes. Five near Smith Center, is the official state song. manufacturing employment from 1947 to 1954, airlines serve the state, and Kansas has a The name “Kansas” originated from a Sioux fourth in manufacturing payrolls gain, and fifth network of 166 airports, seventy of which are Indian word loosely translated “swift or south in increase of value added by manufacture. At fully attended and operationally active fields. wind.” Kansas is popularly known as the the end of April 1957, manufacturing indus­ The state ranks eighth in the nation in owner­ “Sunflower” state, or the “Jayhawker” state. tries in Kansas employed a total of 128,800 ship of personal aircraft. Three Kansas cities— PEOPLE. Kansas’ population passed the 2 mil­ persons. M IN IN G. Mineral production in Kan­ Atchison, Leavenworth, and Kansas City—are lion mark in 1952, and in 1957 the estimated sas in 1956 had an estimated value of $520.9 served by barge transportation on the population of the state had reached 2,081,654. million, setting a new all-time record in annual river from April to November each year. From 1950 to 1956 Kansas showed the largest mineral output for the state. Eighth in the AGRICULTURE. Breadbasket of the world, Kan­ percentage gain in population (10.4 percent) nation in mineral production, Kansas has sas is the nation’s leading wheat state, produc­ in the seven West North Central States, accord­ twenty-one basic minerals in commercial pro­ ing about one-fifth of the country’s supply. ing to the U. S. Bureau of the Census. There duction, with five other available for production. Kansas agriculture, however, is varied and are 105 counties, 612 incorporated cities, and Petroleum is the state’s greatest mineral asset. diversified. The state has about 50 million approximately 120,000 farms and ranches. Kansas ranks fifth in the nation in production of acres in farmland and pasture. Total farm About 404,000 pupils are enrolled in Kansas crude oil, which in 1956 amounted to an esti­ value of all crops produced in Kansas in 1955 public schools, and approximately 42,500 stu­ mated 124 million barrels with a value of $351.1 was nearly $510.5 million, while livestock and dents are registered in forty-three institutions of million. Production of natural gas, the second poultry production had an additional value of higher learning. TRADE AND BUSINESS. Kansas leading mineral, amounted to 523 billion cubic about $427.2 million. In addition to wheat, retail trade totaled over $2.5 billion in 1956, feet in 1956, valued at $58 million, and placed the state's leading crops include corn, oats, and has exceeded the $2 billion mark each year Kansas sixth in national rank. Other important barley, alfalfa and other forage, grain sorghums, since 1950. Retail, wholesale, and service in­ minerals commercially produced in Kansas in­ flax, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beets, apples and dustries now employ about 192,000 persons. clude natural gasoline and liquified petroleum other fruits. Kansas livestock is the primary There are more than 25,000 retail establish­ gases, cement, coal, zinc, lead, stone, salt, clay, market for Kansas crops.

2 came popping out of Kansas at the turn of the century, interrupted by the Spanish-American War to which Kansas sent four regiments and hero General Funston. Kansas furnished more than its quota in World War I, and in World War II 230,000 Kansans saw service.

IN THIS GUIDE BOOK, the state has been divided into six areas. At the beginning of each area is a map showing highways, cities and towns of the section. Major tourist sites not located in a city are also indicated on the map. The cities of each region are listed al­ phabetically, followed by a code letter-num­ ber referring to the letters and numbers on the margin of the area maps. These symbols also coincide with the letters and numbers on "They crossed the prairie as of old the Pil­ the official state highway map published by grims crossed the sea, to make the W est, as the Kansas State Highway Commission. they the East, the homestead of the free!" Following the location code is a number in­ Kansas History dicating the population of each town or city, as reported by County Assessors March 1, 1957, The story of Kansas begins 79 years before to the Union. During the Civil War, Kansas and published by the Kansas State Board of the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock. Coro­ was plagued by Indian uprisings in the west Agriculture. nado rode north from Mexico as far as central and guerrilla warfare in the east. After Ap­ This symbol on the maps indicates a Kansas in 1541. Three centuries later William pomattox, the lengthening ribbons of rails Roadside Park. Becknell opened the great trade route of the prompted the beginning in 1867 of the Chis­ Santa Fe Trail which stretched 750 miles from holm Trail along which long-horned cattle were GENERAL INDEX ...... Page 63 the to Santa Fe, New Mexico, driven from Texas to Abilene to be shipped to with 500 miles of it in Kansas. After 1840 the east. As the railroads built west and north, travel increased over the Santa Fe and along Ellsworth, Newton, Hays, Wichita, Caldwell NORTHWEST NORTH CENTRAL NORTHEAST- 1 C the Oregon and California Trails to the west. and Dodge City had their days as wild cow Pg . 4 Pg. 12 Pg. 22 On May 30, 1854, President Pierce signed towns. Then came the settlement of western the Kansas-Xebraska Bill creating the territory Kansas as peace was made with the Indians. of Kansas, thus opening it to white settlement. In 1874, Mennonite emigrants from Russia John Brown, abolitionist, played a conspicuous arrived in central Kansas with their famous Red part in the pre-Civil War border warfare and Turkey hard winter wheat seed which even­ SOUTHWEST SOUTH CENTRAL SOUTHEAST operated his “underground railway” for run­ tually helped to make Kansas the Wheat State. Pg. 34 Pg. 42 Pg. 52 away slaves through Kansas. Sparked by prophets like Sockless Jerry Simp­ On January 29, 1861, Kansas was admitted son, and crusaders like Carrie Nation, ideas

3

Northwest Kansas

B eeler (D -4). A marker honoring the memory of Dr. George Washington Carver, famed Negro scientist, stands on the old Carver home­ stead one mile south of Beeler. Castle Rock (C -4), chalk spire, 70 feet high and visible for miles, is located 22 miles south­ east of Quinter and 26 miles northwest of Utica. There is an all-weather road from Quinter to Castle Rock. Cedar Bluff Dam and Reservoir (C-5) is 18 miles southwest of Ellis and 18 miles south­ east of WaKeeney. Constructed by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, the dam is 12,560 feet long and rises 134 feet above the stream bed. The lake covers 6,600 acres with a 54- mile shore line. Fishing, camping, boating and concession facilities are available; the Res­ ervoir has been stocked with channel catfish, bass, crappie and walleyes. Colby (B-3) (pop. 3,811). Known as the “Golden Buckle on the Wheat Belt” because it is situated in the heart of one of the largest wheat growing areas in Kansas. A major tour­ ist attraction is a reconstructed sod house lo­ cated on the Thomas County fair grounds on K-25, six blocks south of US-24. The house (open May-October, 7 a. m.-9 p. rn. daily) is furnished with authentic pieces and con­ tains other historic items. It is the head­ quarters for the organization, “Sons and Daugh-

Castle Rock is a 70-foot eroded chalk pin­ nacle in the Smoky Hill River basin of Gove County 22 miles southeast of Quinter.

5 ters of the Soddie.” Anyone who has lived or attended church or Sunday school in a sod house is eligible for membership. Hippo, be­ lieved to be the world's largest steer (3,300 pounds), may be seen (May-October, 7 a. m.- 9 p. m. daily) on the Collins' farm one mile west of Colby on US-24. (Admission, 25 and 10 cents). The Colby Experiment Station, a branch of Kansas State College, is located west of the city, south of US-24 (open daily). Tour­ ists are invited to play golf at the Colby Coun­ try Club, rest in the City Park, and swim in the municipal pool. The annual Tractor and Im­ plement Show is held in Colby during the last week in April.

G oo d land (B -2) (pop. 3,956). One of Kan­ sas' best-known cities, Goodland has a glass enclosed swimming pool, three comfortable city parks, courts and picnic grounds for tourists. Goodland also is in the center of a pheasant hunting area. The city has several large wheat elevators. The U. S. Government Weather Station here serves a wide area. Copyright National Geographic Society, Courtesy National Geographic Magazine Hill C ity (B-5) (pop. 2,040) is located in the Water playground and fishing center artesian well district. The Wallis Gardens for northwest Kansas is the 6,600-acre (open daily) contain every flower and shrub Cedar Bluff Reservoir in Trego County known to the area; and hand-carved figures, southeast of WaKeeney. depicting pioneer modes of transportation, are made and displayed by a local resident. Law’s Pony Farm (open Sunday), one mile south of the city, is a children’s favorite with free Shet­ land pony rides. A CAA weather station is at the Municipal Airport. Leoti (D-3) (pop. 1,310) has a 490,000 bushel This reconstructed sod house on the elevator, one of the largest all-gravity feed Thomas County fairgrounds at Colby is elevators ever built. Another one, similar to furnished in authentic pioneer Kansas it, has recently been completed at Selkirk, nine style. miles west of Leoti.

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Monument Rocks (C -3), 27 miles southeast of Norton (B-5) (pop. 3,419), the “Pheasant Oakley, are all that remain of shale and chalk Capital'’ of Kansas, attracts hundreds of hun­ beds that at one time completely filled the ters from the Midwest each year for the 10- Smoky Hill River valley. The walls connecting day pheasant season. One of the largest vol­ these pinnacles are no more than a foot thick. canic ash mines in the state is located seven Wind and rain eventually will eliminate them miles east of Norton just north of US-383. The and leave the pinnacles isolated from each State Sanatorium for Tuberculosis is four miles other, as is the brooding Sphinx as the end of east of the city. the group. O a k le y (C-3) (pop. 1,989). The largest M orland (B-4) (pop. 316). The Sam Paintin cretaceous fossil beds in the United States are collection of Indian relics (open by appoint­ found in chalk deposits along the Smoky Hill ment), one of the largest in the area, is six River south of Oakley. As early as 1870, expedi­ miles south of Morland. tions from Yale University collected specimens

Monument Rocks, or Chalk Pyramids, are in the Smoky Hill River valley, near US-83 be­ tween Oakley and Scott City.

" t W . * ,yT'w .v * * I K 7 . • ^ here. There is a large cretaceous fossil collec­ tion (open daily) in the Oakley High School, which was collected by George F. Sternberg, world authority on the subject. Twenty-six miles southeast of Oakley (seven miles east of l rS-83) are the famous Monument Rocks (see Monument Rocks).

O b e rlin (B-4) (pop. 2,258). A memorial monument in the Oberlin cemetery at the east edge of the city on US-36 has been erected to settlers killed in the last Indian raid in Kansas which was made by renegade Cheyennes in 1878. Seventeen of the victims have marked graves.

Q u in ter (C-4) (pop. 726). Castle Rock rises from the plains 22 miles southeast of here. (See Castle Rock.)

Scott City (D -3) (pop. 3,222). The 1,280- acre Scott County State Park, one of the state's most attractive areas, is 12 miles north of here off US-83. Within the park is a shaft monu­ ment marking the El Quartelejo ruins, an im­ portant archaeological site. The old pueblo was built by the Pueblo Indians who fled from the Spaniards in New Mexico and was oc­ cupied by them from 1650-1720. The ruins were excavated in 1898, revealing a pueblo with traces of an irrigation system. Today they are buried again by drifting soil. Monu­ ment Rocks are 32 miles northeast of Scott City (see Monument Rocks).

The area around beautiful Scott County Victims of the last Indian raid in Kansas are State Lake is of considerable historical im­ buried near this memorial monument in the portance. The lake is 12 miles north of Oberlin cemetery, near US-36. The raid Scott City. was made by Cheyennes in 1878. Jack Curtis, Garden City, Kansas 8

Ada Swineford, Kansas State Geological Survey A cavern, formed by the dissolving of under­ ground rock strata, collapsed to form the Sharon Springs (C-2) (pop. 943). Five miles the seat of Trego County which produces some basin of the Old Maid's Pool five miles northwest of Sharon Springs is the Old Maid’s of the highest protein wheat in the world. northwest of Sharon Springs. Pool, a geological sink filled with water to a West are the fossil-rich chalk beds of the depth of 200 feet. The pool, which has never Smoky Hill River valley. Eighteen miles gone dry, was used as a watering place for the southeast of WaKeeney is Cedar Bluff Dam early settlers and transient caravans. About 17 and Reservoir (see Cedar Bluff Dam). Several members of the German family, whose miles west of Sharon Springs, on US-40, is the massacre by the Indians east of Fort Wallace highest highway point in Kansas ( elevation, W a lla ce (C-2) (pop. 112). Here is the Fort in 1874 was one of the most gruesome in the 3,975 feet). Wallace Memorial Museum on US-40. Opened , have marked graves here. in 1955, the museum contains many relics of The cemetery is the only remaining evidence Tribune (D -2) (pop. 955). An experimental the pioneer days and of old Fort Wallace, an of old Fort Wallace which was across the road farm (open), a branch of Kansas State College, Indian wars outpost where Wild Bill Hickok south of the cemetery. is near Tribune. and Buffalo Bill Comstock were scouts. Gen­ Utica (D -4) (pop. 287). Twenty-six miles eral Custer also was stationed there. The mu­ seum is open every day of the summer and on northwest of Utica is Castle Rock (see Castle One of the major pheasant hunting areas in R ock). Sundays during winter months. At old Fort Wallace Cemetery two miles southeast of Wal­ the U. S. is in central and western Kansas, W a K e e n e y (C -5) (pop. 2,517) is halfway be­ lace, the monument erected by Custer’s Seventh visited by many hunters during the autumn tween Denver and Kansas City on US-40 and Cavalry to many of their men is still standing. shooting season.

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A bilene ( C -9) (pop. 6,686). The Eisenhower Memorial Museum and the boyhood home, 201 South East Fourth Street, of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, (Open 9-5 daily, including Sundays) are among the nation’s leading tour­ ist attractions. Located on three acres oi land where the six Eisenhower boys plowed and planted a garden more than 50 years ago, the $350,000 Memorial houses President Eisen­ hower’s collection of souvenirs and mementoes assembled during his long military career and presidential terms. Admission to the Museum is 50 cents and 25 cents. A boulder on the post office lawn marks the end of the famous Chisholm Trail, over which hundreds of thou­ sands of cattle were driven from Texas to the railhead here in the late 1860’s and early 1870’s. A boulder in the Abilene Cemetery marks the grave of Marshal Tom Smith, a revered frontier peace officer. Abilene is the scene of the National Coursing Meets, the The boyhood home of President Dwight D. “World Series’’ of greyhound racing, held semi­ Eisenhower and his brothers is located at annually in April and October. Also staged here is the Wild Bill Hickok Rodeo. 201 South East Fourth Street in Abilene, ad­ joining the Eisenhower Museum. Belleville (B-8) (pop. 2,884). Thirteen miles southeast of Belleville, on US-81, is the Seapo Salt Marsh, a 4,000-acre pool of brine where early settlers obtained salt by evaporating the water. The North Central Kansas Free Gate Fair, third largest in the state, is held at Belle­ ville. Beloit (B-7) (pop. 3,781). The State In­ dustrial School for Girls is here. Several hundred greyhounds race for na­ tional honors twice yearly, in April and Oc­ tober, at the National Coursing Meets held at Abilene on US-40.

13 Ekey Studio, Hays, Kansas

The Brookville Hotel, built in 1870, still op­ The Forsyth Library on the campus of Fort The blockhouse of old Fort Hays, an impor­ erates without change of service. It is fam­ Hays Kansas State College, at Hays, houses tant military post on the frontier, may be ous for its food, historical associations and a museum with world-famous specimens of seen in the Historical Park at the south edge old fashioned atmosphere. fossils, geology and natural history. o f Hays.

Brookville (D -8) (pop. 236). The Brookville Cheyenne Bottoms (D -7) is one of the nation’s wrote to Abraham Lincoln suggesting that he Hotel is nationally famous for its fried chicken, outstanding migratory waterfowl refuges, pub­ grow a beard. The original of Lincoln’s reply hot biscuits and old-fashioned atmosphere. lic shooting grounds and recreational areas. is at the Delphos State Bank. Built in 1870, it is probably the oldest hotel in Total water area is approximately 13,000 acres. Kansas still operating as a hotel in its original Ellis (C-5) (pop. 2,224). The old roundhouse Cloflin (D -7) (pop. 963). Cheyenne Bottoms location and without a change of service. where Walter Chrysler made his first model is located 5lA miles southwest of Claflin (see Bunker Hill (C-6) (pop. 261). The home of Cheyenne Bottoms). A 20-power telescope engine is here. The Walter Chrysler boyhood Mother Bickerdyke, famous Civil War nurse, which is coin operated has been installed in a home ( open daily 9-12, 1-5 six months of the is located here. roadside park between Claflin and Hoisington year) is a popular tourist attraction. “Cotton­ on K-4, K-45 to get a view of Cheyenne Bot­ wood Lane,” US-40 for two miles west of Ellis, C arn eiro (D -7). Mushroom Rocks and other toms. is lined with cottonwood trees. Eighteen miles unique formations, including Balanced Rock, southwest of Ellis is Cedar Bluff Dam and Res­ are on a farm two miles south of Carneiro. Concordia (B -8) (pop. 7,162) is the home of ervoir (see Cedar Bluff Dam, Northwest Sec­ Five miles northeast of Carneiro is Palmer’s tlie Nazareth Motherhouse and Novitiate for tion ). Cave, which was used for shelter by the In­ Sisters of St. Joseph. This community was dians. organized in 1854 as a branch of the same Ellsw orth (D -7) (pop. 2,584), which suc­ French Order which has 34 hospitals, schools ceeded Abilene as the northern terminus of the Cawker City (B-7) (pop. 654). About three and colleges. Texas cattle trail in 1872, is the heart of many miles east of Cawker City on US-24 is historic scenic and historic spots. Unique rock forma­ Waconda or Great Spirit Springs ( see Waconda Delphos (C-8) (pop. 574) was the home of tions, including Mushroom Rocks and Palmer’s Springs). Mrs. Grace Bedell Billings, the “little girl” who Cave, are located near Carneiro (see Carneiro) 14 12 miles east of Ellsworth. South of Ellsworth, lost out when the railroad was built to Hays private airplanes is in the heart of the recre­ on K-14, at Ash Creek, buffalo tracks still can a mile east. All that remains is a marker. ation area. Further information may be ob­ he seen in the creek’s steep sandstone banks. tained at the office of the Reservoir Manager, Other points of interest are the old White Hoisington (D -6) (pop. 4,518) is at the north­ southeast of the dam. House Hotel with registers signed by Buffalo west comer of Cheyenne Bottoms (see Chey­ Bill Cody and Wild Bill Hickok. Kanopolis enne Bottoms). A 20-power telescope which Dam and Reservoir are 18 miles southeast of is coin operated has been installed in a road­ Ellsworth (see Kanopolis Dam). side park between Hoisington and Claflin on K-4 and K-45 to permit better views of Chey­ H ays (C-6) (pop. 10,886), a wild “end-of- enne Bottoms. track ’ town on the Union Pacific railroad, was Jam estow n (B-8) (pop. 494). A monument named for Fort Hays, one of the famous mili­ five miles southeast of Jamestown marks the tary posts on the old frontier. The stone block­ homestead of Benjamin White, killed by the house, guardhouse and parade grounds may Cheyennes in 1868. A daughter carried away still be seen in Frontier Historical Park at the by the Indians was rescued by Custer’s Cav­ south edge of the city. Old Fort Hays mu­ alry. seum in the Fort guardhouse, (open 7:30-6 daily) contains articles from the frontier and K anopolis (D -7) (pop. 740) is the site of old military days during the period when the fort Fort Harker, a starting point for stage lines to was an important Plains military outpost. Ad­ Santa Fe and a freighting and supply depot for jacent to the park is Fort Hays Kansas State southern and western forts. This region was College. In Forsyth Library, on the campus, in the heart of the Indian country and maraud­ are geological, paleontological, natural history ing tribes kept troops from the fort almost con­ and historical museums (iceekdays 8-5 when stantly in the field. Some of the buildings are college is in session; 2-5 Sundays). They in­ still in use and the old guardhouse was con­ clude a fossil fish 13 feet long, a marine molo- verted into a museum (1-5 Sundays) contain­ saur skeleton over 30 feet long, a flying rep­ ing documents, files, guns and war equipment tile skeleton with a wing expanse of 22 feet of the 1870’s plus a rock collection and Indian and other collections. Also on the campus is relics. Salt mines are visible south of US-40 the Kansas car of the Merci Train, 's near here. Kanopolis Reservoir is 12 miles thank you to Americans for the Friendship southeast of Kanopolis (see Kanopolis Dam). Train in 1947. A Capuchin Monastery is here. St. Joseph’s Military Academy in Hays is the Kanopolis Dam and Reservoir (D -7) on the only military academy in Kansas listed by the Smoky Hill river has a dam 15,810 feet long ROTC as an essentially military school. The rising 131 feet above the stream bed. Recre­ Fort Hays Agricultural Experiment Station ational facilities include fishing and migratory (open) covering 3,200 acres is one of the larg­ waterfowl hunting, boating, swimming, camp­ Boating is a favorite sport of Kansans and est dryland experiment stations in the world. ing, picnicking and a children’s fishing lake. visitors to Kansas. One of the most popu­ Buffalo Bill Cody was one of the founders Horse Thief Canyon and Red Rocks Canyon lar bodies of water in the state is Kanopolis (1867) of Rome, northwest of Hays. That town can be reached by boat. A landing strip for Reservoir, near Ellsworth.

15 Kirwin Dam and Reservoir (B -6) is five miles southwest of Kirwin and 15 miles southeast of Phillipsburg. Kirwin Dam and Reservoir is one of Kansas’ newest and most popular fishing and boating areas. Surfboarding and water skiing are also popular sports at Kirwin. There are picnicking facilities. Lebanon (B -7) (pop. 613). A popular spot for photographers and picnickers is the Exact Geographical Center of the United States lo­ cated two miles northwest of Lebanon. The traveler finds the Center an interesting and rest­ ful place to visit. There is a shelter house, fireplaces and stone picnic tables nestled in a nicely landscaped area. The exact center of the United States is designated by a stone marker, one of the most photographed attrac­ tions in Kansas.

Lincoln ( C -7) (pop. 1,712). Near Lincoln, the Cheyennes killed four buffalo hunters in 1864, tortured three women in 1868 and mas­ sacred ten settlers in 1869, taking along two women who were later rescued. There is a monument to the victims in the courthouse square and a historical museum ( 8-5 except Sundays) in the courthouse. Quartzite quar­ ries still are mined one mile southeast. The Indians used the quartzite along with flint for their arrow and spear points.

The concrete spillway of the Kirwin Dam rises 117 feet above the North Fork of the Solomon River, a few miles southeast of Phillipsburg.

16 Lindsborg (D -8) (pop. 2,251). Three miles bration, tribute to the Swedish pioneers, is held northwest of Lindsborg is Coronado Heights at in early October. The Swedish Pavillion on the summit of which is a shelter house. Coro­ the campus, which was a part nado is believed to have camped on the of the Swedish Exhibit at the St. Louis World “heights” in his search for the mythical king­ Fair in 1904, was a gift of the Swedish gov­ dom of Quivira. Lindsborg is the seat of Beth­ any College ( Lutheran) which is world-fa­ ernment to the college. The studio home and mous for its Messiah Festival held annually gallery of the late Birger Sandzen, painter of during Holy Week since 1882. The Messiah, international reputation, is in Lindsborg. Pop­ sung on Palm Sunday and Easter Sunday, is ular are tours of Lindsborgs nine practicing presented in Presser Hall for which ground was artists’ studios (admission 50 cents). A unique broken by the Crown Prince of Sweden in gilt shop on US-81 retails works of some 45 1927. T he annual “Svensk Hyllningsfest” cele­ Lindsborg community artists and craftsmen.

The exact geographical center of the U. S. is marked by this stone monument two miles northwest of Lebanon. It is a popular at­ traction to visit and photograph.

Coronado Heights near Lindsborg offers a commanding view of the Smoky Hill River valley. The Heights were probably first vis­ ited by white men in 1541.

17 O sbo rne (B-6) (pop. 1,949). On a ranch about 18 miles southeast of Osborne a bronze plate marks the geodetic center of North America. What Greenwich is to the longitude of the world, this Kansas pasture (known as Meades Ranch) is to the lines and boundaries of this Continent. A historical marker, calling atten­ tion to the Geodetic Center, is located one- quarter mile north of Osborne on US-24 and US-281.

Phillipsburg (B -6) (pop. 3,323) is the site of the state's largest rodeo, held annually, be­ ginning in late July. At Phillipsburg is the Jess Boyce Rock Garden and Museum, con­ sisting of miniature castles and towers made from tiny rocks and pebbles, and a large col­ lection of pioneer relics (open daily and eve­ Harold Wolfe, Topeka, Kansas nings). Kirwin Dam and Reservoir are lo­ Rock City, with its 200 large eroded sand­ cated near Phillipsburg (see Kirwin Dam). stone concretions, is a curious geological Republic (A-8) (pop. 370). Two miles south­ formation located near Minneapolis, Kansas. west of Republic is Pike's Pawnee Village Park where in 1806 the United States flag first was raised in what is now Kansas. A tall shaft com­ Lucas (C-7) (pop. 605). A man-made “Gar­ M arq uette (D -8) (pop. 602). Kanopolis Dam memorates the general area where United den of Eden/' located at Lucas, consists of and Reservoir are located 10 miles northwest States army officer and explorer Zebulon Pike, molded cement figures of Adam and Eve and of Marquette (see Kanopolis Dam). backed by an “army" of 22 men, faced 400 other Biblical characters. S. P. Dinsmoor, Pawnee braves at one of their villages and builder of the garden, is buried in a stone log- Minneapolis (C-8) (pop. 1,962). Two and persuaded them to lower the Spanish flag from cabin mausoleum. Miller's Rock Gardens and one-half miles southwest of Minneapolis is its pole in front of the chiefs lodge. picnic grounds is a privately-owned park at Rock City, noted for its 200 or more unusually the western edge of town. It contains thous­ well-formed large sandstone concretions. Some R ussell (C -6) (pop. 6,565). A plaque and ands of many-colored rocks, miniature moun­ are almost perfect spheres with diameters ex­ monument, 16^ miles northwest of Russell, near tains, and historical relics. Visitors are wel­ ceeding 12 feet. Others, with diameters rang­ Fairport, mark the site of Carrie Oswald No. come, and group picnics may be arranged by ing from eight to 27 feet, vary from rounded to 1, discovery well of the Fairport pool and one appointment. elliptical forms. of Kansas’ most famous oil wells. Two miles northwest of Russell is Kit Fork’s Canyon, from M ankato (B-7) (pop. 1,294). The first clinic O lm itz (D -6) (pop. 168). Josies Gardens, which a band of Indians rushed to attack a built under the nationally-famous Kansas Rural four miles southwest of Olmitz, specializes in party of railroad section workers in 1869. Me­ Health Plan is at Mankato. flowers of all kinds. morial Park on US-40 offers roadside park and

18 The Phillipsburg Rodeo, largest in Kansas, is held in late July each year. A number of other Kansas cities also schedule rodeo attractions during the summer season.

picnicking facilities, a grass greens golf course, rehabilitation work with wayward youngsters. and swimming. The Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Sacred Heart resembles a wheat elevator in architec­ S alin a (C-8) (pop. 35,327). Four miles east tural design. Schilling Air Force Base is four of Salina on US-40 is a prehistoric Indian miles southwest of Salina. Salina is the na­ Burial Pit containing more than 140 skeletal tion’s sixth largest flour milling center. All the remains of men six feet or more tall who ante­ flour mills admit visitors and guided tours may date Coronado. Is is covered by a permanent be arranged by appointment. The Saline structure which also contains a large collection County Historical Museum in Oakdale Park of Indian artifacts (8-6 daily; 51 cents for (1-5 daily except Mondays) features depart­ adults, 12 cents for children). In the Salina ments on Stone Age Man, the American In­ Public Library is a historical museum (10-9 dian, the pioneer and his life, natural history daily except Sundays). Here are Kansas Wes­ and oriental art. leyan University (Methodist); Marymount Col­ lege for Girls (Catholic); St. John’s Military Smith Center (B-6) (pop. 2,321). On the School (Episcopal); and headquarters for the banks of Beaver Creek about 17 miles northwest St. Francis Boys’ Homes (Episcopal) noted for of Smith Center is a one room cabin, home of

19 Dr. Brewster M. Higley, pioneer Kansas doc­ tor who wrote the words to the famous song, “Home on the Range/’ in the early 1870’s. The tune was written by Daniel Kelley, a car­ penter-musician who lived in nearby Gaylord. The cabin was dedicated as a historic memo­ rial to Higley in 1954. It is open daily. A quaint octagonal Dutch windmill, five stories high, stands in the city park.

Stockton (B-6) (pop. 1,963). Twelve miles southeast of Stockton are Twin Mounds stand­ ing 200 feet above the prairie and used as a landmark and signal point by the Indians. Also near Stockton is Sugar Loaf Mound, a promon­ tory over 300 feet high, which was an Indian lookout. Both these formations can be seen from US-183.

V icto ria (C -6) (pop. 1,121). St. Fidelis church at Victoria, commonly known as “The Cathedral of the Plains,” took three years to build. Each parishioner was assessed 45 dol­ lars and six loads of stone. This Romanesque structure of natural limestone is 221 feet long and 73 feet wide, with a transept 107 feet in width and two towers 141 feet high. The Christmas crib on display (D ecem ber 15 to January 15) in the church yard consists of eight life-sized statutes of genuine wood carv­ ings fashioned in Oberammergau, Germany. Also in the city is a Union Pacific railroad me­ morial and cemetery for laborers killed by the

Each parishioner was assessed $45 and six loads of stone to build this Romanesque St. Fidelis Church at Victoria, "The Cathedral of the Plains."

2 0 Cheyennes in 1867. On the Lang farm near are associated with the Springs. ( Admission, Victoria is an immense clock installed in the 25 cents, adults.) 1880’s which can be heard striking the hours for miles around. Waconda Springs (B -7). Historic Waconda or Great Spirit Springs is a mineral pool about A trademark of the north - central Kansas 50 feet in diameter and set in a curious lime­ area is the stone fence post. Many miles stone basin. Several romantic Indian legends of the imperishable posts may be seen.

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This rustic cabin, 17 miles northwest of Smith Romantic Indian legends are associated with Center, was the home of Dr. Brewster Higley Waconda or Great Spirit Springs, east of who wrote the words to 'Home on the Cawker City, a mineral pool 50 feet in diam­ Range/' the Kansas State Song. eter, set in a limestone basin. »------*

21 9 11 a c o trto 10 _ 4 ~ 2 \ l*»J Thompson I sQST'M” ) Pownd«l« fff o

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10 11 Northeast Kansas Benedictine monasteries of the Middle Ages. Also near the park can be seen ruts of the old Here is Mount St. Scholastica Academy and Santa Fe Trail. Baldwin is the home of Baker College (Catholic girls). Two miles south of University (Methodist), the oldest four-year Atchison (B-12) (pop. 13,241). A plaque in Atchison is a converted limestone quarry which college (1858) in Kansas. The Case Library the courthouse square marks the spot where is the world’s largest single storage space on on the campus contains the Bishop Quayle Col­ Lincoln in 1859 first delivered his Cooper one level, now used by the U. S. Government lection of rare manuscripts and Bibles (8-5:30, Union speech. Lewis and Clark camped near as a storage facility. 7-9:30 p. m. weekdays; 9-3 Saturdays; 3-5 Sun­ Atchison on July 4, 1804. A monument in days). There is also a museum containing front of Memorial Hall commemorates the or­ B aldw in (C-12) (pop. 1,403). Black Jack Park, thousands of specimens including North Polar ganization of the Santa Fe Railway in 1860. an attractive spot for tourists and picnickers, artifacts and Chinese coins (9-5 daily except Amelia Earhart’s birthplace overlooks the Mis­ is located on US-56 about three miles east of Sundays). “Old Castle/’ the oldest college souri River from one of Atchison’s bluffs. St. Baldwin. The park is near the marker describ­ building in Kansas, houses a museum of Santa Benedict’s College (Catholic men) is the site ing the Battle of Black Jack (1856) which has Fe Trail relics, Masonic records and items of of a million-dollar monastery copied after the been termed the “first battle of the Civil War.” historical interest.

This house on one of the Missouri River bluffs in Atchison was the birthplace of Amelia Earhart, famed aviatrix.

Bluffs overlooking the Missouri River in Jack- son Park, Atchison, offer one of the most attractive scenic views in Kansas.

23 Council Grove (D-10) (pop. 2,683), is the most historic town on the old Santa Fe Trail. For many years it was the last outfitting post between the Missouri River and Santa Fe. Two marked trees are on the north side of Main Street. They are Post Office Oak, where let­ ters were left for passing caravans, and Coun­ cil Oak, near which a treaty with the Indians was signed in 1825, giving the government the right of way for the Santa Fe Trail. Kaw Mis­ sion (1851), a school for Indians and one of the first in Kansas for white children, is now a state-owned museum (10-12, 2-5 weekdays, 1:30-5 Sundays and holidays.) Of interest are the Last Chance Store; Hays Tavern, The Old Indian Warning Bell; Custer Elm; Madonna of the Trail Monument; Padilla Monument; Her­ mit’s cave; and the old Cowboy Jail.

Esk rid g e (C-10) (pop. 579). Lake Wabaun- I see, four miles west of Eskridge on K-4 and K-99, is owned and operated by the city of Eskridge. A commercial resort, it has a 14- POST OFFICE OAK room lodge, rental cabins and dining room. FROM 1825 TO I&47 a CACHE AT THE FOOT OF THIS TREE There are also boating, swimming and picnic SERVED AS A POST OFFICE grounds. There is a charge of 75 cents per FOR INCOMING ANO day or three dollars per season for fishing. OUTGO! SO WAGON TRAINS There is also a fee for boating and boats may be rented. Eskridge stages an annual rodeo on Labor Day.

F a irw a y (C -12) (pop. 5,213). The Old Shaw­ nee Methodist Mission, established in 1830 and

A cache at the base of this oak tree in Coun­ cil Grove served as a post office for wagon trains traveling the Santa Fe Trail from 1825 to 1847.

24 moved to this site in 1839, was a manual train­ ing school for the Indians and twice the ter­ ritorial capital of Kansas. It is located in Fair­ way (near US-56) at Fifty-third Street and Mission Hoad. Here three buildings, more than a century old, still are standing. The East Building contains a state-owned pioneer mu­ seum, and the North building has been re­ stored and furnished to look as it did when it was used for living quarters and classrooms. (10-12, 2-5 on weekdays; 1:30-5 on Sundays and holidays). Kansas State Historical Society

Madonna of the Trail monument on Main Shawnee Methodist Mission at Fairway, now Street in Council Grove honors the pioneer a State Museum, was a school for Indian Lake Wabaunsee, 4 miles west of Eskridge, mothers who braved the hardships of the children, and temporary territorial capital. is owned and operated by the city. It is a popular resort and water recreation area. trails in covered wagon days. Ada Swineford, Kansas State Geological Survey

Kaw M ethodist Mission, com pleted in 1851 as a mission and school for Kansas Indian children, is in Council Grove. It is now a State Historical Museum.

Kansas State Historical Society uate military institution combining all arms and services, is located here. Points of interest are a bronze statute of General Grant by Lorado Taft; a museum (open Sunday afternoons) of early transportation equipment including prairie schooners, buggies, carriages, and stage coaches, all maintained in perfect condition; the Old Stone Wall with gun slots for cannon and smaller slots for gunner observation, con­ structed as a protection against marauding bands of Indians; Santa Fe and Oregon trail markers, where wagon ruts up the steep slope This limestone building on the Fort Riley M ili­ from the river can still be traced between the tary Reservation was the first territorial Cap­ trees; the old Territorial Governor’s residence; itol of Kansas (1855). the Post Chapel, the walls of which are covered with plaques in memory of men killed in the wars in which the United States has been en­ Fort Leavenworth (B -12), the oldest army post gaged; and a National Cemetery. No per­ in continuous existence west of the Missouri mission is needed to visit these sites. Informa­ This statue of General Grant is at Fort Leav­ River, was established in 1827 for protection tion can be obtained at the Information Check enworth. The stone wall in the background against the Indians and as a starting point for Point. provided protection from Indians. wagon trains. Today the Fort Leavenworth Military Reservation comprises 7,000 acres. Fort Riley (C -9) is one of the largest inland The Command and General Staff College, military reserves in the United States. It covers world famous as the most important post-grad­ 53,000 acres including Marshall Army Air

Collections of decorations, small arms, and U. S. and foreign weapons are in Patton Hall on the Fort Riley Military Reservation. V |H . — — 1 -1 The Hollenberg Station northeast of Hanover is the only original unaltered Pony Express station still standing. It contains a small pioneer museum. >------»

26 the country's history are buried here. The cemetery also contains the graves of Seventh Cavalry men slain at Wounded Knee, and of prisoners of war who died in the U. S. during World War II. The Post maintains a military museum.

H anover (A-9) (pop. 831). The Hollenberg Station, only original unaltered Pony Express station left standing today, is one mile north­ east of Hanover. A long narrow structure, it was built originally as a ranch house in 1857. Between Springdale and Leavenworth, near It is now owned by the state and contains a highway K-92, is the only remaining covered small pioneer museum (9-5, Mondays thru Sat­ bridge in Kansas. urdays, 1-5 Sundays). Also in Hanover is the Xeugebauer Rock Garden (open by appoint­ ment). “Days of ’49,” an annual celebration, Field; Camp Whitside; Camp Forsyth, and is held at Hanover in July. Camp Funston, home of the 1st Infantry Di­ vision. Fort Riley, which was the cradle of Herington (D -9) (pop. 3,720). In the city Cavalry for 83 years, is now the home of the park is a tall sandstone shaft erected as a mon­ Army General School. Established in 1852 as ument to Father Padilla, the soldier-priest who Camp Center to protect trade along the Santa accompanied Coronado and later (1542) was Fe Trail, it was renamed Fort Riley in 1853 killed near here by the Indians, making him and was a base of operations against Indian the first Christian martyr on what is now United States soil. uprisings, during and after the Civil War. On The John M. Davis Memorial in Hiawatha's the military reservation is the first Territorial Mount Hope Cemetery is an elaborate mon­ Capitol of Kansas (1855), a two-story limestone H iaw ath a (B-ll) (pop. 3,375). The John M. building maintained by the state as a public Davis Memorial in Mount Hope Cemetery, ument containing 11 life-sized statues. museum (9-5 daily). Other points of inter­ southeast edge of Hiawatha, is an unusual mon­ est are the Ogden Monument commemorating ument with a vault, pavilion and eleven life- Maj. E. A. Ogden who died at Fort Riley in sized portrait statues, all but one carved in miles east of here is the old , Sac, and Fox 1855 while fighting a cholera epidemic; Italy, of Mr. and Mrs. Davis at various stages Indian Mission (1837) and now a state mu­ Wounded Knee Monument in honor of Seventh in their lives. Brown county lake, 7/2 miles seum (open 1-6, except Mondays). Cavalry men slain in the battle against the east of Hiawatha on US-36, is stocked with Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee Creek, South fish. Grounds have picnic area. Horton (B -ll) (pop. 2,839). Five miles west Dakota, in 1890; the chimney to Gen. Leonard of Horton is the 6,500-acre Kickapoo Indian Woods World War I Headquarters; a marker H ighland ( B - ll) (pop. 732) is the home of Reservation. An annual Pow-Wow is usually to the Defenders of Bataan; and a National Highland Junior College (1858), the oldest in­ held at Horton in July. ( Admission, 50 cents Cemetery. Many notable military leaders in stitution of higher learning in the state. Two and 25 cents.) 27 Junction City (C-9) (pop. 18,111). Rock est include Kaw Point, upon which Lewis and Springs Ranch, a 348-acre 4-H Club camp is Clark camped in their exploratory expedition 13 miles south of Junction City. On a steep up the Missouri River; Old Grinter House hill, seven miles south of here just off US-77, ( 1420 South 78th, Muncie) and frontier mili­ is an Indian statue which legend says stands tary road ferry site on the Kaw. Here also above an old Indian burial ground. are the Central Baptist Theological Seminary, Medical Center, and the Kansas City, Kansas (C-12) (pop. 131,311) is State School for the Blind. A major point of the second largest city in the state. Kansas interest in Kansas City’s well planned park sys­ City is a major grain storage and milling, live­ tem is Wyandotte Lake and Park, five miles stock and meat-packing center. Fairfax In­ northwest of the city on K-5. The Wyandotte dustrial District is an outstanding example of County Historical Museum (second floor of modern planning for industry in building de­ the Memorial Building) is open Tuesdays 1-4, sign, railroad service and street layout. In the and Saturdays, 9-12. Tours of large industries heart of Kansas City’s business district is Huron in Kansas City, Kansas, are held daily at 9 Cemetery, the tribal burial ground of the Wy­ a. m. and 1 p. m. for groups only. Advance andotte Indians, with an estimated 400 burials arrangements should be made with the public from 1844-1855. Other historic points of inter­ relations department of each industry.

John V. Colt, Kansas City Star

A landmark on the campus of the University of Kansas, Lawrence, is the 120-foot Cam­ panile and carillon of 53 bells erected as a World War II memorial.

Wyandotte County Lake and Park, north­ west of Kansas City, is part of an extensive park system serving Kansas' second largest city. Here are many recreation facilities.

28 Law rence (C-12) (pop. 23,296) established in door plants west of the Missouri. A shipyard 1854 as a Free-State stronghold, was sacked builds landing craft and commercial river boats and burned twice by pro-slavery forces. There and barges, and house boats for river, lake and is a monument in Oak Hill Cemetery to the 150 ocean use. The Federal Penitentiary adjoins victims of the Quantrill raid. Points of in­ the city on high grounds to the northwest. The terest on the University of Kansas campus are Veterans Administration Center with its hos­ the 120-foot Campanile dedicated as a World pital and quarters for domiciliary patients is at War II Memorial ( carillon schedule while Wadsworth, on the southern edge of Leaven­ school is in session: 1 l:50-noon daily except worth, as is St. Mary College (Catholic women) Sundays, 3-3:15 Sundaysy 7-7:30 p. m. Wednes­ at Xavier, and the Mother House of the Sis­ days); Dyche Museum with one of the largest ters of Charity. Fort Leavenworth is north of collections of fossil remains and mounted ani­ the city (see Fort Leavenworth). The only mals displayed in their natural habitats ( w eek­ covered bridge in Kansas is 10 miles southwest days 8:30-5, Sundays 1:30-5); Spooner Thayer of Leavenworth (see Springdale). Art Museum with collections of Indian craft- work, glassware, silverware and Oriental paint­ Lecompton (C -ll) (pop. 281). In Lecompton ings ( weekdays 9-5, Sundays and holidays 2-5); is Constitution Hall where the Proslavery con­ Wilcox Museum with Creek sculpture, Creek stitution was drafted in 1857. The building and Homan antiquities ( weekdays 8-5); and which housed old Lane University is also still Snow Entomological Museum, one of the most to be seen. Here, in the middle I880’s, David Anderson Hall on the attractive campus of complete in the nation, with two million J. Eisenhower and Ida Elizabeth Stover met as Kansas State College, Manhattan, contains speciments (weekdays 9-5, Saturdays 9-12). students. They were married at Lecompton on a contemporary art collection. Kansas University’s two and one-half million September 23, 1885, and became the parents dollar Allen Fieldhouse, 17,000 seating capac­ of Dwight D. Eisenhower on October 14, 1890, ity, is the second largest on-campus playing while the family was then residing, for a short arena in the country. It is named for F. C. two years, in Texas. of the largest of its kind in the world, is five “Phog” Allen, former Jayhawker basketball miles north of Manhattan on K-13 and can be coach who made K. U. teams world-famous. M anhattan (C-10) (pop. 18,325) is the home viewed from a specially-constructed observa­ Haskell Indian Institute is located in Lawrence. of Kansas State College of Agriculture and Ap­ tion area. Sunset Park has a zoo, picnic fa­ plied Science. The two-million dollar Ahearn cilities and a Fairyland. A pioneer cabin is Leavenworth (C-12) (pop. 22,638) is the old­ Fieldhouse is one of the largest in the country. located in the 45-acre City Park. Riley County est city in Kansas. Planter’s House, opened in The campus with its native stone buildings is Historical Museum and the City Memorial 1856, was a luxury hotel of the period and host one of the most attractive in the state. A con­ Building are open on legal holidays and Sun­ to many famous men including Lincoln and temporary art collection in Anderson Hall (8-6 days, Tuesdays and Fridays, 1-5. Sherman. The Cathedral of the Immaculate except Sundays), Museum of Natural History Conception was completed in 1868. Long a in Fairchild Hall (8-6 except Sundays), and M ariad ah l (B -9), located midway between Ran­ furniture manufacturing center, Leavenworth the experimental farm are interesting attrac­ dolph and Cleburne, on the Blue River, has has one of the state’s oldest flour mills; manu­ tions. Damon Runyon was born in Manhattan the oldest Swedish Lutheran Church organiza­ factures flour milling machinery; has steel and and his birthplace is marked (corner of Fourth tion (1863) and building (1867) west of the iron plants; and one of the largest sash and and Osage streets). Tuttle Creek Dam, one Missouri River.

29 press route and one of the buildings used to O tta w a (D-ll) (pop. 10,714), built near the stable horses is still standing in remodeled site of the Ottawa Indian Baptist Mission es­ form. tablished in 1837, is the seat of Ottawa Univer­ sity (Baptist). In Ward Science Hall on the M ayetta (B-ll) (pop. 260). The 7,040-acre Pottawatomie Indian Reservation, largest in campus is the Crevecoeur Entomological Col­ Kansas, is located west of Mayetta. lection of 21,000 specimens. Four miles north­ east of Ottawa is the Tauy Jones Home, once O gden (C-9) (pop. 1,833). Chartered in an underground railroad station and stopping 1857, Ogden was called “the last place on the place for John Brown. Also, northeast of the map” in the 1860’s. city is the Ottawa Indian Burial Ground, con­ O lath e (C-12) (pop. 8,209), called the “Cow­ taining the marked grave of the Rev. Jotham boy Boot Capital” for its nationally-known Meeker, missionary and printer who established boot factories, is the location of the State the Ottawa Mission and earlier printed the School for Education of the Deaf ( visitors wel­ first periodical in Kansas at the Shawnee Bap­ come during regular school term, September tist Mission in present Johnson county. Forest thru May.) A U. S. Naval Air Station is five Park, located two blocks west of US-59 and miles southwest of the city. 50, has fine recreational facilities. Osawatomie (D-12) (pop. 4,838) was head­ Paola ( D-12) (pop. 4,386) is the site of Ur- quarters for John Brown in the turbulent days suline College (Catholic women). The first This cabin in John Brown Memorial State preceding the Civil War. The John Brown gas well in Kansas was drilled in Miami County Park, Osawatomie, served for a time as Memorial State Park, in the west part of town, and gas from the well was piped to Paola. Oil headquarters of the abolitionist leader. contains a log cabin in which John Brown was discovered near Paola in 1854 and was stayed for a time. Now preserved in a mod­ commercially produced in the 1880’s. The ern building (open weekday afternoons and all Miami County Fair and Horse Show is held day Sundays), the cabin houses a museum and annually, usually in mid-August, in Paola. is furnished much as it was in the days of John Brown. The park also includes a statue Prairie Village (C-12) (pop. 15,264) was Marysville (B-9) (pop. 4,147). The Oregon of Brown. A marble shaft, in a little park on awarded first place by the National Associa­ and Mormon Trails converged at a point on the West Main Street, marks the graves of four of tion of Home Builders in 1950 as the “Best Blue River known as Independence Crossing five men killed in the Battle of Osawatomie Complete Community Development in the near Alcove Springs, about five miles south of in 1856. A Congregational church building U. S.” Marysville. The Donner Party, ill-fated emi­ (1860), and an old land office building are grants from Illinois to California, camped here still to be seen here. Osawatomie State Hos­ Sab etha (A-11) (pop. 2,214) has one of the in 1846 as did many others in the 1840’s and pital (mental) is northeast of town. world’s largest direct farm to market co-oper­ 1850’s. A boulder at Alcove Springs honors ative creameries which each year names a But­ Grandma Keyes of the Donner Party, who died O skalo o sa (C -ll) (pop. 738). The Jefferson ter Queen to reign over the annual 4-H Club at the Crossing. Marysville was the first home County Courthouse at Oskaloosa (1867) is the and Future Farmers of America show at Sa­ station out of St. Joseph, Mo., on the Pony Ex­ oldest still in use in the state. betha, held in mid-August.

30 St. M arys (C-10) (pop. 1,222). Now a Jesuit Seneca (B-10) (pop. 2,107). Nemaha County Seminary, St. Mary’s College at St. Marys was State Park, five miles southeast of Seneca on an outgrowth of St. Mary’s Catholic Mission K-63, includes a 356-acre lake with good fish­ founded in 1848 for the Pottawatomie Indians. A boulder on the campus marks the site of the ing, boating, swimming and picnicking. first Cathedral between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains. In the Church of the Springdale (C-12). The last surviving cov­ Immaculate Conception is a rare painting by an Italian court painter of the sixteenth century, ered bridge in Kansas spans Stranger Creek which was a gift of Pope Pius IX to the Pot­ about two miles northeast of Springdale, near tawatomie in 1854. K-92. & i i ■

l 1K'- m ' - a ^ The Kansas State Capitol was begun in 1866 ‘ *v X 7 ~. v - y - r - ^ U s pi; ^ 1 and finished in 1903. It occupies a 20-acre site near the center of Topeka.

Jlf- L y 7 AL |p s V % h * ( J u This painting of the arch-abolitionist John Brown is part of a series of murals in the State Capitol building, Topeka, by famous artist John Steuart Curry.

31 ond floor and a series of new murals on the is the pilot psychiatric hospital of the Veterans first floor by a Topeka artist, David Overmyer. Administration. Also in the capital city are East of the statehouse is the Kansas Memorial Topeka State Hospital (mental) and the State Building (open daily) which includes the Industrial School for Boys. Capper Publica­ tions, Inc., founded by the late Sen. Arthur headquarters of the Kansas State Historical So­ Capper is the largest publisher of farm periodi­ ciety. Its museum (open 8:15-5 weekdays, cals west of the Mississippi. In the northeast­ 8:15-4 Saturdays, 1-4:30 Sundays) contains ern section of the city are the Santa Fe shops. scores of displays, several period rooms, and Northwest of Topeka, on US-24, is the Good­ many interesting exhibits, including a Concord year Tire and Rubber Company plant. South stagecoach and a 1912 Topeka-made airplane. of Topeka, on US-75, are Forbes Air Force One of the oldest articles on display is a Coro­ Base and the Topeka Air Force station which nado era sword of 1541 found on the plains of the Air Force calls the ‘‘world’s largest hard­ Kansas. T he Society’s newspaper collection is ware store.” On the campus of Washburn the largest in the country excepting that of the University of T opeka is Mulvane Art Museum Library of Congress. It also has a large li­ ( 1-5 Mondays thru Fridays, 7:30-9 Tuesdays brary and extensive collections of pictures and and Thursdays, 2-5 Sundays during school maps. Also cast of the statehouse is the large general office building of the Santa Fe railroad, The museum of the Kansas State Historical the rail line which laid its first tracks from To­ Society in Topeka contains many interesting peka in 1868 headed for the trade area of the exhibits and several period rooms. southwest. West of the statehouse is the new nine-million dollar state office building, com­ pleted in 1957. The Executive Mansion is Tonganoxie (C-12) (pop. 1,379). Leaven­ eight blocks west of the statehouse at the cor­ worth County State Park, two miles west of ner of Eighth and Buchanan Streets. Topeka Tonganoxie, on K-16, includes a park area of is the home of Alfred M. Landon, Republican 506 acres and 175-acre lake. candidate for President in 1936, and Harry H. Woodring, Secretary of War, 1936-1940. Topeka (C - ll) (pop. 101,155). The state Charles Curtis, part Kaw Indian and U. S. capitol building is located in a 20-acre square vice-president 1929-1932, the only ‘'native near the center of Topeka. On the statehouse American” ever to hold so high an office, lived grounds are the Lincoln Statue and the Pioneer at Topeka and is buried here. The late Dr. Woman Statue, both by Topeka-born sculptor Charles M. Sheldon, author of ‘‘In His Steps,” Robert Merrill Gage. The Old Cottonwood was for many years pastor of the Central Con­ Tree, southeast quarter of the statehouse gregational Church in Topeka. The Men- grounds, is a venerable representative of the ninger Foundation near the west city limits is official state tree. In the statehouse (8-5 w eek­ a world-famous psychiatric clinic, hospital and Still in use as a C ongregational church, the days, 2-5 Sundays; guides available) are the training center. Winter V. A. Hospital, in Beecher Bible and Rifle Church building, W a­ famous John Steuart Curry murals on the sec­ southwest Topeka, now building new facilities, baunsee, was dedicated in 1862. 32 Willard E. Balderson, Wamego, Kansas term; open by appointment in summer) which contains valuable permanent collections of American paintings and sculpture and offers contemporary exhibits. On the campus of To­ peka High School is a flagpole made from the lower fore yard of the frigate Constitution or “Old Ironsides/’ Reinisch Rose and Rock Car­ den in Gage Park, at the western edge of To­ peka, is one of the most beautiful in the nation. The Kansas Free Fair is held (second week in September) at Topeka on 80 acres of fair­ grounds with many permanent buildings and a large grandstand. Vinland (C-12). The Coal Creek Library opened in 1859, the first library in Kansas, is at Vinland.

W abaunsee (C -10). The historic Beecher Bible and Rifle Church, dedicated in 1862, is still being used regularly for services. The church was organized in 1857 by abolitionist settlers sponsored by Henry W ard Beecher. W am ego (C-10) (pop. 2,228). An old Dutch mill (1875) in the city park, east part of Wra- mego, was transported stone by stone from a farm 12 miles north of town.

Williamsburg (D-ll) (pop. 258). Three miles west of Williamsburg, whitewashed lime­ stone buildings mark the site of Old Silkville, a silk-growing colony of the 1870’s.

The Old Dutch Mill in the city pork at Wa­ mego was originally 12 miles north of town. It was dismantled stone-by-stone in 1925 and rebuilt on its present site.

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® i § owier Beeler Mmneola 3 tie Beiln e B e i t !3> BlOOrrv Jetmore U?m KingsdOwn ipeecville lentton l j j PAWNEE «n| n « • fo e, Nfkom Ada Swineford, Kansas State Geological Survey Southwest Kansas solving supporting rock strata and forming cav­ erns which eventually collapsed. Highway US-160, US-283 traverses north-south through A shland (F-5) (pop. 1,303). Thirteen miles the Big Basin. A half mile east of Big Basin west of Ashland on US-160 are Big Basin, is Little Basin, a smaller depression. This sink Little Basin and St. Jacob’s Well (see Big is especially attractive for the pool of standing Basin). Clark County state park and lake is water which is contains known as St. Jacob’s 16 miles north of Ashland (see Kingsdown). Well. Little Basin and St. Jacobs Well can be reached by a two-mile path on the southern Big Basin (F-5) is a mile-wide depression, 100 rim of Big Basin, east from highway US-160, feet deep, formed by underground water dis­ US-283.

United States Geological Survey

Big Basin, an undrained depression in west­ ern Clark County, is one of the more noted sink holes in this section of Kansas. It is traversed by US-160, US-283.

St. Jacob's Well was a famous watering place in pioneer days on the Fort Supply- Fort Dodge trail. It is said to have never gone dry, even in drought years.

35 C im arro n (E -4) (pop. 1,126). Cimarron Crossing Park, on the Arkansas River, four W e /co m e (o miles west of Cimarron, marks a noted cross­ CIMARRON CROSSING ing and a short cut on the old Santa Fe Trail. PARK It was also a favorite crossing of Indians. T he park has a replica of a covered wagon, picnic tables and fireplaces. A pioneer museum is housed in the city hall (8-5:30 p. m. except on Sunday.) North of US-50 may be seen rem­ nants of the Soule Irrigation Ditch built in the 1880’s by a New York patent medicine million- V* 'Jfixv r -

Symbolic of early days when Dodge City The 'd ry route" connected with the main was a cowboy capital and a wild frontier Santa Fe trail at Cimarron Crossing on the town, this Cowboy Statue marks site of Boot Arkansas River west of Cimarron. Hill.

aire. Stretching from Ingalls for about 75 miles east, it was intended to transform the prairie into a Garden of Eden.

Coolidge (E-2) (pop. 86). Twelve miles south of Coolidge is the Hamilton Sink, a de­ pression about 100 feet in diameter and about 50 feet deep. In the vicinity of Coolidge are An unusually extensive collection of Indian several artesian wells. relics and mementos of pioneer days is Dodge City (E -4) (pop. 12,067) established housed in Beeson Museum at junction of in 1872, became known as the ‘‘Queen of the US-56 and US-283 south of Dodge City. Cow Towns/’ During the following 15 years

36 millions of Texas Longhorns were driven up the cattle trail from Texas herded by hundreds of cowboys, and Dodge City became famous as a wild and woolly Western outpost. The Cow­ boy Statue near the municipal building marks the site of Boot Hill where at least 40 desper­ adoes and cowboys were buried “with their boots on.” Also near the city hall are a mock cemetery (the bodies were moved to Prairie Grove in 1879), and a museum (9-6 daily from December to May; 7-10 daily, May to D ecem ber). Front Street, scene of shooting scrapes, once was the noisiest and most no­ torious street in the Wild West. Bat Master- son and Wyatt Earp were among the few who were able to rule and control Front Street. South of Dodge City at junction of US-283 and US-56 is Beeson Museum (7-9 daily; 25 cents for children, 50 cents for adults), a re­ markable exhibit of Indian and pioneer relics. Five miles east of Dodge City on US-154 is old Fort Dodge, an army outpost established in 1864 for the protection of Trail travelers and settlers from Indians and Texas privateers. Several of the rock buildings are still in use as a State Soldier’s Home. The first west­ bound pack train on the Santa Fe Trail was snow-bound four miles west of what is now Dodge City in 1828. Losing their animals, the pioneer traders cached their merchandise on the slope of a hill north of present US-50 and the depressions left by the later removal of

Nine miles west of Dodge City the old Santa Fe trail ruts appear as dark streaks on the earth in this aerial photo. These are the most prominent trail ruts in Kansas. 37 their goods are known as The Caches. There is a marker near the site. Point Hocks, seven miles west of Dodge City on US-50, is a land­ mark of the Santa Fe Trail, and nine miles west of Dodge City on US-50 are ruts left by ’J the passage of wagon trains during the period 1828-1878. Coronado in his search for the bountiful land of Quivira in 1541 is believed to Jfej have crossed the Arkansas River about seven miles east of the city. The site is marked by the Coronado Bridge and a wooden cross high on the bluff overlooking the river valley. St.

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Garden City's Finnup Park contains what is Buffalo still roam in Scott County State Park reputed to be the world s largest free con­ north of Scott City; in the Finney County crete municipal swimming pool. In the park State Game Preserve south of Garden City; also is Kansas' largest zoo. and elsewhere in Kansas.

38 Clark County State Lake and Park, south­ west of Kingsdown, is a popular fishing and water activities area.

Mary of the Plains (Catholic) is the only four- year college in southwest Kansas. Important annual events scheduled in Dodge City include the Southwest Kansas Square Dance Festival in late March; Boot Hill Fiesta, the first week in May; and the 200-mile National Motorcycle Race, the weekend of Labor Day.

Garden City (E -3) (pop. 10,527) is the center is believed to be the first city in the world to of the state’s irrigation industry. One of the own a gas well within its corporate limits. state’s branch experimental farm stations is Jetm o re (E -5) (pop. 985). Twelve miles located at Garden City. Irrigation is impor­ southwest of Jetmore is Horsethief Canyon. tant to the area’s chief crops which are wheat, There is a marker on the Fort Hays to Fort grain sorghums, sugar beets and alfalfa. Beef Dodge Trail at Duncan Crossing on Pawnee cattle and lamb feeding are also important ag­ Creek 11 miles east of Jetmore. A collection ricultural industries. The city claims the larg­ of Indian and pioneer relics is in the courthouse est country elevator in the world. Garden City (8-6 weekdays.) is the home of famous Finnup Park which in­ Kingsdow n (F -5). Clark County state park, cludes the world’s largest free concrete mu­ 11 miles southwest of Kingsdown, is located nicipal swimming pool and Kansas’ largest zoo. in picturesque Bluff Creek canyon, where In­ An attractive tourist hospitality house is lo­ dians of many tribes sought shelter and se­ cated in the park. Located a short distance curity in days gone by. A 337-acre lake in the south of the city on US-83 is a 3,600-acre park provides exceptionally good fishing and State Game Preserve, home of the largest buf­ other recreational opportunities. falo herd in the state. Lakin (E -3) (pop. 1,311). Kearny County Hugoton (F-2) (pop. 2,855), located at the lake, known as Lake McKinney, two miles east heart of the world’s largest natural gas field, of Lakin near US-50, is a 3,000-acre area.

39 An outstanding gun collection is in the mu­ seum of the Dalton Gang Hideout, Meade, rendezvous of the famous outlaw gang. On Shrove Tuesday each year, housewives in Liberal, Kansas, and in Olney, , compete simultaneously in an International Pancake Race against time. L ib e ra l ( G -3) (pop. 11,051) is the home of the International Pancake Race in which house­ wives compete simultaneously with housewives in Olney, England, on Shrove Tuesday (the day before Ash Wednesday) in the latter's cus­ tom of running nearly a quarter mile with a pancake in a skillet, tossing it twice en route. A game preserve containing buffalo, elk, Liberal is a key city of the Hugoton-Oklahoma- deer, and many birds make the Meade Texas Panhandle natural gas field. Large gas County State Park interesting. There are pumping stations and gasoline extraction plants also a fishing lake, and camping facilities. are near by. Irrigation in the district has led

40 to a wide diversity of crops including onions Satanta (F -3) (pop. 640). The world’s larg­ and honey dew melons as well as winter wheat, est furnace-type carbon black plant is at Sa­ sorghums and broomcorn. The Rock Island tanta. Bridge across the Cimarron River, 1,200 feet long and 100 feet above the river bed, is known Syracuse (E-2) pop. 1,626). The Perkins as the “Samson of the Cimarron.” Park Zoo is here (open 6-8, summer; 7-6 win­ M eade (F-4) (pop. 1,788) is the home of the ter. Admission, 50 and 25 cents). Dalton Gang Hideout and Museum (7-7 daily) on US-54. Visitors go through the secret es­ U lysses (F-2) (pop. 2,685). Large carbon cape tunnel from the house to the barn which black plants are located in the Ulysses region, houses a Western museum, including one of one east of Hickok and another near Ryus. A the nation’s finest gun collections. The world’s natural gas capital, Ulysses is also an irrigated largest volcanic ash mine is located near the farming region famous for its onions, honeydew city. Meade County state park and lake, 13 melons and cantaloupes. A historical marker miles southwest of Meade, has a pheasant 11 miles south of Ulysses on US-270 describes farm and fish hatchery maintained by the State Forestry, Fish and Game Commisison. A half Wagon Bed Springs, a popular but perilous section of game preserve in the park contains watering spot on the Santa Fe Trail. Near the buffalo and elk, while deer have the run of the marker is a memorial to the noted Western ex­ entire 1,240 acres of park. plorer and fur trader, Jedediah S. Smith.

Stripping plants near Ulysses serve the Hugo- ton gas field. Kansas ranks sixth in the nation in natural gas production.

Carbon black, produced in plants like this one in the Ulysses area, is used in the making of rubber tires, and in the ink, paint, polish, and other industries.

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HARPER\VOODS * ■OOAOut Ren trow South-central Kansas Cheyenne Bottoms (D -7), one of the nation’s outstanding migratory waterfowl refuges, pub­ Argonia (F-8) (pop. 551) had the first woman lic shooting grounds and recreational areas, is a mayor in the world. A marker in front of the state-federal project composed of a deep cen­ Township Building honors Susanna Madora tral lake surrounded by four shallow lakes. Salter, mayor of Argonia, 1887-1888. Total water area is approximately 13,000 acres. Belle Plaine (F-9) (pop. 1,536). Bartlett Ar­ boretum (open), a 20-acre formal garden, is Ellinw ood (D-7) (pop. 2,901). Three miles nationally famous for its collection of flowers, north of Ellinwood is the Frank W. Robl Game shrubs, trees, and grasses. Refuge and Banding Station ( open 8-5, call in advance for special interview) where migratory Caldw ell (G -8) (pop. 1,809). On the Chis­ birds are banded so their movement across the holm Trail, Caldwell was wild and woolly in country can be studied. Over 22,000 birds the 1880 s, when it was receiving thousands of have been banded and they have been recov­ Texas cattle for shipment by rail. A historical ered on the entire North American continent, marker on US-81, one mile south of Caldwell, as far north as Alaska and a few as far south marks the place where the Chisholm Trail en­ as South America. Hundreds of geese winter tered Kansas. here from November to March.

Oil derricks and pumps are prominent fea­ tures on the landscapes of south-central Kansas where many of the state's major oil producing fields are located.

Cheyenne Bottoms is a nationally known and important wildlife refuge near Great Bend. Hunting is permitted in certain parts of the area during waterfowl season. 43 Great Bend (D-6 ) (pop. 17,025), “Oil Cap­ Hesston (E -8) (pop. 792). Here is Hesston ital in the Heart of the Wheat Belt,” is located College ( Mennonite). in the great bend of the Arkansas River. Its famous Tenth street, site of scores of supply H illsb oro (D -9) (pop. 2,133). houses and allied oil businesses, is known as (Mennonite) at Hillsboro has in its library a “the oil artery of Kansas.” A historical marker, collection of books on Mennonite history and three miles east of Great Bend, marks the site literature and a small museum ( open by ap­ of old Fort Zarah. Cheyenne Bottoms is lo­ pointment). cated 6I2 miles northeast of Great Bend (see Hutchinson (E -8) (pop. 37,492), atop the Cheyenne Bottoms). greatest salt deposits in the world, is a major Greensburg (F -6) (pop. 2,044) claims the salt production center with three of the largest world’s largest hand-dug well, measuring 32 salt evaporation plants and one of the most feet in diameter and 109 feet deep, with steps modern salt mines in the world. They are leading to the water level. Adjacent to the open to visitors by appointment. Hutchinson well is the Celestial Museum containing the has several large wheat elevators and is the largest Pallasite Meteorite ever found and many largest primary hard wheat market in the other articles. This double feature attraction country. A vast oil field surrounds the city. is open during the summer (7-9) and during The Kansas State Fair (held annually in Sep­ the winter (9-5). tem ber) has grounds covering 200 acres on which are several permanent buildings, and a H alstead (E -8) (pop. 1,603) is the home of large grandstand seating 14,000. The National Halstead Hospital built by Arthur E. Hertzler Junior College basketball tournament is held whose autobiography, Horse and Buggy Doc­ annually in March in a one-million-dollar sports tor, attracted nation-wide attention. arena (9,000 seating capacity). The Hutch- This huge hand-dug, stone-lined well at Greensburg has been developed into a widely known Kansas travel attraction. A flight of steps leads downward to the water level.

Huge grain elevators dominating the skyline of Hutchinson reveal that city's position as a principal primary hard wheat market. It is also a major salt producing center.

44 West of Lyons is this granite cross in mem­ ory of Father Padilla, Spanish priest and first Christian martyr in present U. S.

Santa Fe Trail. Built of huge blocks of sand­ stone, the fort was a quadrangle, with officers’ quarters to the west, barracks on the north, bakery and hospital on the east, and stables on the south. The parade ground was in the center. In case of siege— and the fort was under siege by Indians at least three times—

a secret tunnel led from under one of the Topeka Daily Capital buildings to the creek, 75 yards to the north, so water could be obtained by the besieged garrison. Every building in the quadrangle Fort Larned is an excellent surviving example still stands and may be visited by the public. of a frontier miltary post, and the best pre­ Fort Larned was officially opened as a tourist attraction in May, 1957, and has a pioneer mu­ served along the Santa Fe trail. seum in one of the buildings. Larned State Hospital (mental) is 3*2 miles west of the city. inson Naval Air Station is nine miles south Lyons (D -7) (pop. 4,711). Four miles west of Hutchinson and the State Industrial Re­ of Lyons on US-56 is a historical marker des­ formatory is in the east part of the city. At cribing Quivira and next to it a 30-foot gran­ the entrance to Carey municipal park is the ite cross commemorating Father Juan de Pa­ Emerson Carey Memorial Fountain. The dilla, who accompanied Coronado to Kansas in water spray with soft colored lights playing 1541 and returned the following year to become on it constantly changes for an hour and a the first Christian martyr on what is now U. S. half without repeating. soil. The cross is illuminated at night. In the courthouse is a museum (7:30-5 except Sun­ Kingman (F-7) (pop. 3,622). The Kingman days) with an outstanding collection of pioneer Rodeo is held annually in late May. and Indian relics. There is a salt mine near Kinsley (E-5) (pop. 2,391), “Half Way and a Lyons.* Place to Stay,” is near the half-way point be­ tween San Francisco and New York. Hutchinson and Lyons are major salt produc­ Larned (E-6) (pop. 5,242). Fort Larned, about six miles west of Larned on US-156, was ing centers. The salt is extracted both by the most important Kansas military post on the underground mining and by evaporation. 45 M cPherson (D -8) (pop. 9,083). Five public parks welcome the traveler. Lakeside Park, on US-56, has a large swimming pool, just two blocks north of the highway. The park also is close to the McPherson College museum (open Mondays through Fridays, daytime hours) where the world’s first man-made dia­ mond is on display. Picnicking is permitted in all of the parks, three of which are on US-56. Five miles southeast of McPherson is a monu­ ment on Dry Turkey Creek where United State commissioners made a treaty with the Kansas Indians in 1825 for the right of way on the Santa Fe Trail through central Kansas. Mc­ Pherson is the location of Central College (Free Methodist) and McPherson College (Church of the Brethern). A statue of Gen­ eral McPherson, Civil War leader for whom the city is named, is in Central Park.

On the high school grounds in Medicine The shelter house and monument on Pawnee Lodge is this monument to an important sign­ Rock mark a site used by hostile Indians to ing of peace treaties with five tribes of observe movements of wagon trains along plains Indians in 1867. the Santa Fe trail in frontier days. »------»

46 Macksville (E -6) (pop. 574). The citizens hills about eight miles west of the city. The of Macksville have built a band shell, shelter Gyp Hills brails are well-marked with more house and outdoor fireplaces of rocks from 26 than 200 markers. A 42-mile stretch along states, Canada and Mexico. A rock bridge is US-160 between Medicine Lodge and Cold- nearby. The city park is fine for picnicking water will become Cedar dree Lane. More and a new swimming pool has been completed. than 1,000 trees already have been planted.

Medicine Lodge (F-7) (pop. 2,909) is the site Newton (E-8) (pop. 14,170). The area in and of peace treaties negotiated by United States around Newton is the home of the largest Men­ government representatives and the chiefs of nonite settlement in the United States. In five hostile Plains Indian tribes in 1867. The Athletic Park is a tall limestone shaft, a me­ treaties permitted settlement of the country morial to the Mennonites who brought Red and the building of railroads. Once every five Turkey hard winter wheat to this country from years (next presentation October, 1961) a cast Russia in 1874 and thus helped Kansas to of 1,500 presents the Peace Treaty Pageant march toward fame as the “Breadbasket ot the commemorating the pacts. Site of the Pageant World.” The city has four Hour mills, the is Memorial Peace Park, natural amphitheater largest ol which, American Flours, Inc., (306 seating 25,000 persons, on US-160 two miles E. Broadway) is open to visitors. Newton has east of town. Medicine Lodge was the home become a mobile home manufacturing center. of Carrie A. Nation, stormy anti-liquor cru­ Two of the largest manufacturing firms, the American Coach Company and Guerdon In­ sader. The Carrie A. Nation Home is now a Kaufmann Museum, on the campus of Bethel VV. C. T. U. shrine and museum ( open daily). dustries, Inc., are open to visitors (8-5, Mon­ The First National Bank was the scene of a days through Fridays). College, North Newton, is noted for its ani­ mal and bird collections. robbery in 1884 in which the bank's president North Newton (E -8) (pop. 467). Bethel Col­ and its cashier were shot and killed. The lege is the oldest and largest collegiate Men­ bandits’ leader was the marshal of Caldwell. nonite school in the nation. On its campus is Pursued by a huge posse, the four thieves were Kaufmann Museum ( Mondays through Satur­ boxed in and captured at Jackass Canyon days, 1-5, 50 cents adults and 25 cents stu­ southwest of town. Later, citizens stormed the dents ). jail, shot the leader and hanged the others from Hangman’s Tree, symbolized by the macabre O xford (F-9) (pop. 937). An old mill built rope and tree in the city park. The National in 1874 still stands here. Gypsum Company here operates the most mod­ ern wallboard plant in America. South of Medicine Lodge are the Gypsum Hills. Deep canyons and hills, carved by erosion into tower­ The home of Carrie Nation, famous anti­ ing mesas and buttes, give tourists another type liquor crusader, is now a museum in Medi­ of Kansas scenery. The red shale of the mesas is capped with white gypsum. Noted among cine Lodge. It is maintained by the Women's the formations are the Twin Buttes, pointed Christian Temperance Union. 47 Pawnee Rock (D-6) (pop. 392). One- quarter mile north of town and visible from US-56 is Pawnee Hock, a famous landmark on the Santa Fe Trail. As a lookout and ambush for hostile Indians, the rock was one of the most dangerous points on the Central Plains. It is now a state park. A shelter house and monument are on the summit.

P eab o d y (E-9) (pop. 1,397). Four miles east of Peabody, along US-50, is Indian Guide Ilill, an early-day guidepoint now topped by a con­ crete pylon. Peabody claims the oldest Ma­ sonic building still standing in Kansas. It is a stone structure located nine miles south of town. Peabody also claims the first public li­ brary in the state.

Pratt (F-6) (pop. 8,054). Headquarters for the Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commis­ sion are southeast of Pratt on the grounds of the state fish hatchery. One of the world's largest fresh-water hatcheries and the first chan­ nel catfish hatchery, it covers 187 acres and has 105 brood ponds as well as a museum, aquarium, zoo and the Commission’s head­ quarters. Thousands of visitors annually visit the hatchery (open the entire year) and the well-kept grounds and exhibits.

Pretty Prairie ( E -7 ) (pop. 527) is the site of Kansas’ largest night rodeo, usually held in early August.

One of the largest fresh water fish hatch­ eries in the world, and the headquarters of the Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commis­ sion, are southeast of Pratt.

48 St. John (E -6) (pop. 1,826). The Great Salt Marsh area in Stafford-Rice-Reno counties, northeast of St. John, is being developed into a national wildlife refuge by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Approximately 20,000 acres on Rattlesnake Creek will be included in the refuge.

Sterling (E-7) (pop. 2,092). Sterling College (United Presbyterian) is here. Sun City (F-6) (pop. 196). Natural Bridge, six miles south of Sun City, is about 35 feet wide and 50 feet long. Its underside is 12 feet above a small intermittent stream. Near the bridge is a tunnel-like cave more than 250 feet in length. The bridge and cave were formed out of the gypsum by circulating un­ derground water.

Ada Swineford, Kansas State Geological Survey

<------« Because of colorful buttes and mesas Formed from gypsum rock by the circulation of red shale topped with white gypsum, the of underground water, this natural bridge Gyp Hills area of Barber County is one of six miles south of Sun City is an interesting the state's most scenic regions. scenic attraction.

49 Wellington (F-8) (pop. 9,102). At the west city limits, Woods' park, a pleasant 171-acre spot with 5,000 trees, offers facilities for golf­ ing, fishing, swimming and picnicking. Well­ ington's community museum includes a col­ lection of 1,000 canes, many unusual clocks, large collections of guns, vehicles, farm items, arrowheads and other items.

W ich ita (F -9) (pop. 244,671), largest city in Kansas, is first in the world in production of personal airplanes and an important military airplane manufacturing center. The Beech, Boeing and Cessna plants are familiar to the airplane industry, and smaller plants make air­ plane parts. For security reasons admission to airplane plants is restricted, but visitors may drive along the highways and see the bombers in training flights. T he old municipal airport, five miles southeast of Wichita, has become McConnell Air Force Base. T he new municipal airport, six miles southwest of the city, is also headquarters of the National Flying Farmers Association. Wichita is a major flour milling, meat packing, oil producing and refining center. It is the largest broomcorn market in the world, and home of Coleman lighting and heating W ichita Eagle Lawrence Stadium in Wichita, Kansas' larg­ equipment, and of Vornado fans and air condi­ est city, is the scene of a full season of base­ tioners. West of the city pumping plant the ball games, including the National Semi- Cow Town of 1872 is being reconstructed by Pro Baseball Tournament, held annually. Historic Wichita, Inc. The first log home and hotel, first jail and first church have been moved to Cow Town. In keeping with that period, there will be a blacksmith shop, job printery, general store, land office, feed mill, millinery, railroad station and post office. A A major attraction in Wichita is the Cow Santa Fe depot, tracks and cattle yards, a fire ; V * fct'i Town of 1872, the reconstructed old Wichita station with original equipment, drug store r h m village, now partly completed, and with which has antique fixtures and stock, and a rep­ more under construction and planned. lica of the first log school house have been com-

50 • •rr*™ pleted. Of architectural interest is Wichita High School North with walls adorned with pioneer, Indian and buffalo scenes. Adjacent is sim­ ilarly adorned Minisa Bridge, across the Little Arkansas, named for a symphonic poem writ­ ten by Thurlow Lieurance, famed Wichita com­ poser of Indian music. In the city are the University of Wichita, first municipal university west of the Mississippi; (So­ ciety of Friends); and Sacred Heart College (Catholic). On Friends University campus is a museum ( open by appointment) containing many Indian and pioneer relics, an authentic covered wagon that actually made the trip from North Carolina to Kansas in 1863 and numer­ ous mounted African animals. The Walter II. Beech Memorial Wind Tunnel on the Univer­ sity of Wichita campus can create an artificial hurricane of 200-mile-an-hour velocity and is used to test airplane models. There is a pi­ oneer museum ( 1:30-4:30 daily except Mon­ days; closed August) in the Forum, 221 S. Water. Wichita Art Museum (11-5 daily ex­ cept Mondays, 2-6 Sundays), 619 Stackman, has an outstanding collection of contemporary American art and loan exhibits of national im­ portance on tour schedules. Wichita Art As­ sociation Galleries ( 1-5 daily except Mondays; closed from middle of July to middle of Sep­ tember), 401 N. Belmont, has ever-changing exhibitions of fine and applied arts. In Wich­ ita also are a Veterans Administration Center Hospital and the Institute of Logopedics, one of the world’s outstanding speech correction Boeing Airplane Company centers. Wichita Zoo (9-5 daily) is in central Riverside Park. The National Semi-Pro Base­ Wichita is one of the country's most impor­ ball Tournament is held annually in Lawrence tant aircraft production centers. Three fac­ Stadium. tories produce many types of military and civilian planes, including jet bombers.

51 s o u T H E A S T Southeast Kansas

Arkansas City (G-9) (pop. 14,486). A nat­ ural bridge at the base of a bluff on the east edge of Arkansas City is formed by two large rocks that arch over a spring. The bluff was a camping place for Buffalo Bill Cody in 1869- 1870 and his initials are carved on a boulder here. A granite marker south of Arkansas City, on US-77 at the Oklahoma line, marks the area from which 20,000 early homesteaders started at noon on September 16, 1893, in the run for the opening of the Cherokee Strip. “Christ Died for the Ungodly/’ a rock letter sign 465 feet long erected in 1900 on North Hill, is called “A Sermon on the Mount.” The ARKALALAH celebration, two-day Halloween festival, annually attracts many visitors. Ar­ kansas City claims the state’s largest single­ unit flour mill; the state’s largest independent packing house; the oldest operating natural gasoline plant in Kansas; and one of the nation’s biggest producers of ceramic-glazed tile. Four miles south of the city is a large government Indian school, and 12 miles east on US-166 is Waldschmidt State Park. Augusta (F-9) (pop. 6,183). The first build­ ing in Augusta, a log structure built in 1868, is still preserved as a landmark and now houses a historical museum. This building was Au­ gusta’s first store, post office, church and school house. (Open to the public on Sundays, 2-5, free). The museum displays hundreds of au­ thentic pioneer items preserved from early Au­ new swimming pool in Moyle Park. Near the The first building in Augusta, erected in gusta life. At the northwest city limits is a airport is a golf course and gunclub head­ 1868, is now a pioneer museum owned and 200-acre recreation park open to the public. quarters and traps, both open to the public. operated by the Augusta Historical Society. In the park is City Lake, popular fishing spot, Three miles west and one mile north of Augusta lighted picnic grounds, with ovens, tables, ten­ is Santa Fe state lake with sailboating, motor nis courts, and softball diamonds. There is a boating, fishing, picnic and camp facilities.

53 Baxter Springs (G-12) (pop. 4,542), once a wild cattle town, was the site of the Baxter Springs Massacre by Quantrill’s guerrillas in October, 1863. A monument in the National Cemetery commemorates the victims. Military Avenue, the main street (U S-166), is named for the old military road which linked Fort Leavenworth and the Indian Territory to the south. Great chat piles are evidence of the lead and zinc mining in the vicinity.

B a za a r (D -10). Thousands of Indian artifacts are mounted and on display in cases at the George and Frank Honiger farm home which overlooks Bazaar from the southeast. A me­ morial to Knute Rockne, famed Notre Dame football coach, is located in a pasture five miles southwest of Bazaar, near K-13, marking the spot where Rockne and seven others were killed in an airplane crash in 1931.

Benedict ( F - ll) (pop. 142). In the Harley Masters Nature Park (open daily 8 a . m.-l() p. m.) groups of stones have been painted to resemble animals and birds.

C an e y (G - ll) (pop. 2,801) has the only glass­ making plant in Kansas.

Cedar Vale (F-10) (pop. 854) has a miniature village which contains 82 buildings, all replicas of early day and present buildings in the city.

Chanute ( E - ll ) (pop. 10,410). The late Osa Johnson, a native of Chanute, and her husband, Ada Swineford, Kansas State Geological Survey Martin Johnson, noted explorers, are buried This pile of chat, the residue of lead and here. A new museum containing trophies and souvenirs of their African trips has been opened zinc mining operations, is evidence of the on the corner of Main and Highland (open extraction of those metals in the area around Saturdays, 2-8 p. m.). There is a herd of Baxter Springs. buffalo 12 miles west of Chanute on land ad-

54 joining K-39 just east of the junction with US-75. Coffeyville (G -ll) (pop. 18,121). The Dal­ ton family of desperadoes made their bloody raid on the city on October 5, 1892, in an at­ tempt to rob two banks at the same time. Still to be seen is Death Alley down which the gang raced to their horses through a withering cross­ fire from aroused citizens. 'Three members of the Dalton gang, Bob and Grat Dalton and Bill Powers, are buried in Ellinwood Cemetery. The Dalton Defenders Museum is located on the Plaza (open 9-5 Tuesdays thru Saturdays, 1-5 Sundays). The Museum has on display souvenirs from the famous gun battle. Also in Knute Rockne, famed Notre Dame football the Museum are mementos of Walter Johnson, coach, and seven others were killed in a famous major league baseball pitcher. There 1931 airplane crash at the site of this memo­ is a memorial to Johnson in Memorial Park. rial 5 miles southwest of Bazaar. Colum bus (F-12) (pop. 3,418) is a coal, lead and zinc center. Three members of the Dalton gang of early- day outlaws are buried at Coffeyville. They Cottonwood Falls (D-10) (pop. 1,039). The Chase County courthouse, built in the 1870 s, were killed in 1892 while attempting two is situated on a small hill at the end of the simultaneous bank robberies. town's main street. Knute Rockne monument is 13 miles southeast of here near K-13 (see Bazaar).

D exter (F-9) (pop. 308). The first discovery of helium gas was made at Dexter in 1903.

El D orado (E -9) (pop. 12,187), flanked by oil fields, is the seat of Butler County, the largest county in the state, and is at the western edge of the Flint Hills. On October 9, 1915, Staple- ton No. 1 oil well converted El Dorado from a Dating from the 1870's, the Chase County small town into a booming, progressive city. Courthouse at Cottonwood Falls is French A marker, at the northwestern edge of the Renaissance architecture of the period of city, commemorates the event. Louis XIII.

55 famous editor’s mementos including the original copy of his widely published editorial '‘Mary White.” All of these attractions may be seen by following the green and white markers of the William Allen White Memorial Drive. The College of Emporia (Presbyterian) with a museum ( 8-5 week days; 9-12 Saturdays) and Kansas State Teachers College with a museum of natural science and industrial exhibits (w eek days 8-5) are located here. The Museum of the Lyon County Historical Society is in the basement of civic auditorium (open Wednesday afternoons).

E u re k a (E -10) (pop. 4,050) is located at the center of the Magic Circle, a ring 400 miles in diameter at the heart of the United States and drawn by Economist Roger W. Babson to embrace what he terms “the richest and safest area in the nation.” Here, also, is the Midwest Institute of Business Administration founded by Babson. Southeast of Eureka is Fall River Dam. Fall River Dam and Reservoir (E-10) is 25 miles southeast of Eureka and 20 miles northwest of Fredonia. Recreation facilities include fishing, hunting, boating, camping, pic­ nicking, swimming and a lookout tower. The late great small-town newspaper editor, Farlington (F -12). Two miles north of here William Allen White, lives on in memory in is Crawford County state park and lake No. 2, Peter Pan Park and other places in Emporia. one of the outstanding Southeast Kansas beauty spots.

Em poria (D-10) (pop. 15,166). Here arc the daughter. In the park is the William Allen late William Allen White’s Emporia Gazette, White Memorial by sculptor Jo Davidson and Fall River Reservoir, between Eureka and now published by his son and famous author, dedicated in 1950 by former President Herbert W. L. White; The William Allen White home, Hoover. The William Allen White library on Fredonia, is a 2,600-acre lake built by the “Red Rocks;” and Peter Pan Park donated by the campus of Kansas State Teachers College U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. It is a pop­ Mr. and Mrs. White as a memorial to their has a reading room containing many of the ular recreation area.

56

Fort Scott (E-12) (pop. 9,983) is the out­ growth of a frontier military outpost estab­ lished in May, 1842. Boasting a dramatic and interesting history, Fort Scott is rich with tour­ ist attractions. Included in these sightseer spots are Fort Blair, renovated Civil War blockhouse; Carroll Plaza, the old parade ground of the original Fort; the well-preserved 100-year-old Officers’ Quarters which house a Historical Mu­ > w • .1/ A A ». • ‘ -v ’■* • t p ,' f Ji , ^ ____ _ seum (open daily 9-5); National Cemetery, rv I o u , . > L ' ^ 1 J ^ 3 ? one mile east of town, first officially designated cemetery in the nation to be used for burial of soldiers. A historical marker in memory of Eugene Ware, “Ironquill,” American poet of international fame who called Fort Scott his home town, is in the National Cemetery.

Fred o n ia ( F - l l ) (pop. 3,457) has one of the largest linseed and soybean mills in the United States. Twenty miles northwest of Fredonia is the Fall River Dam and Reservoir (see Fall River Dam).

G a le n a (F-12) (pop. 4,028). Lead was dis­ covered here in 1877; the Galena smelter is one of the largest of its kind in the world.

G a rn e tt (D-12) (pop. 2,637). The birthplace of the late U. S. Senator Arthur Capper, noted newspaper publisher and the first native Kan­ XUUJt L lU i U i . il san to be elected governor, is located on East Fifth Street. The Walker Collection of Art

This historical museum at Fort Scott was once officers' quarters at old Fort Scott, estab­ lished in 1842, and an important military post during the Civil War.

58 and Letters, housed at the Garnett Public Li­ brary, 129 West Fourth Avenue ( open 2-5, 7-9, Mondays through Saturdays), includes works of John Steuart Curry, Henry Varnum Poor, and other noted artists. Independence (F-ll) (pop. 11,497). About one mile east of Independence on US-160 a historical marker stands near the site of a Civil War battle between 20 Confederates and some loyal Osage Indians. In 1870, Drum Creek Treaty, near here, moved the Osage Indians back to Oklahoma where ironically they struck oil and became among the wealthiest people on earth. Riverside Park includes a vari-colored illuminated fountain, monkey island and zoo. The nations first game of organized baseball under lights was played in the Independence ball park. Montgomery County state lake and park four miles south of town offers good fish­ ing, boating and swimming. lola ( E - ll) (pop. 6,912). The boyhood home of Gen. Frederick Funston, hero of the Philip­ pine campaign, is located four and one-half miles north of lola on US-59. It has been made into a museum by the state of Kansas and contains many historical mementos. Open ( 10-12 and 2-5 weekdays, 1:30-5 Sundays) to the public during all but the winter months. Remnants of Stony Lonesome Schoolhouse, eight miles south of lola, where General Funs­ Kansas State Historical Society ton first taught school, have been preserved and Latham (F-10) (pop. 193). Butler County General Frederick Funston of Philippine cam­ enclosed within a rail fence. lola claims the state lake (Lake Clymer) is three miles north­ paign fame lived in this house near lola as largest courthouse square in the United States, west of here. a boy. It is now a State Park and Museum. and the oldest jail (1869) still in use west of the . A museum, sponsored M arion (D-9) (pop. 2,177). The Marion by the Allen County Historical Society, will be County 175-acre lake, four miles southeast of opened in the new courthouse now under con­ Marion, has facilities for boating, swimming, struction. fishing, picnicking and camping.

59 M oline (F -10) (pop. 775). Some of the state’s largest rock quarries are two miles east of Mo­ line. N eo d esha (F -ll) (pop. 3,830). The first Kan­ sas oil well to produce in commercial quantities was drilled in Neodesha in 1892 in what be­ came known as the Mid-Continent field. The site is identified with a marker at the west edge of the city on US-75. Boster’s Museum, 620 Main Street, features antiques and historical items. O sw ego (F -12) (pop. 2,342). The corner of 4th and Union Streets is the site of an old town well and a trading post established in the 1840’s. Riverside Park, on a high bluff overlooking the broad Neosho River Valley, has facilities for swimming, tennis, picnicking and hiking. Oswego’s scenic dam on the Neosho River be­ low Riverside Park is a favorite fishing place for sportsmen of southeastern Kansas and north­ eastern Oklahoma. Parsons (F -12) (pop. 14,191). About 12 miles west of Parsons are visible the Bender Mounds, named for the Bender family— William, his wife, son John and daughter Kate. Here oc­ f-, >r curred several ghastly murders committed by the Benders, who vanished and were never brought to trial. The Parsons State Hospital and Training Center is here. Neosho County state park and lake (Lake McKinley) is eight

'' miles northeast of Parsons. i m

\nfl Neosho County State Park, northeast of Par­ If ‘ sons, is the oldest and one of the most at­ tractive in the state park system.

60 58JTj5Ss38F!QS! Pittsburg (F-12) (pop. 19,450) is the center of large strip coal mining operations. Also in this industrial vicinity are one of the largest ammonium nitrate plants; the nation’s largest plant devoted exclusively to the production of coal preparation equipment; the main repair shops of the Kansas City Southern railway; and one of the largest and most modern clay sewer pipe plants. A museum (8-10 daily) in Porter Library on the campus of Kansas State Teach­ ers College contains biological, zoological and historical collections. Crawford County state park and lake No. 1 is four miles north of Pitts­ burg. The many small lakes within the park, formed as a result of strip mining operations, total about 150 acres of water. Pleasanton (E-12) (pop. 1,229). About two miles south of Pleasanton on US-69 a historical marker stands on the site of the Battle of Mine Creek between 25,000 Union and Confederate forces in October, 1864. The Union victory ended the threat of a Rebel invasion of Kansas. Saint Paul (F-12) (pop. 792). An old Cath­ olic and Jesuit Monastery are here. Neosho County state lake is six miles south of Saint Paul (see Parsons). Shaw ( F - ll) . A marker on the Christian Church grounds marks the site of old Mission Neosho, the first Indian Mission and School in Kansas (1824).

Some of the largest pow er shovels in the world are used to strip the earth from coal beds in the vicinity of Pittsburg.

61 Toronto (E-ll) (pop. 716). Woodson County state park and lake (Lake Fegan), five miles east of Toronto, is one of the most beautiful of the state lakes. A prehistoric cave containing mysterious Indian writings is located 12 miles north of Toronto. Toronto Dam and Reservoir, with 2,800 acres of water and 51 miles of shore­ line, south of town, is under construction. Trading Post (D-12) was an Indian trading post in 1834. A memorial park, four miles northeast of Trading Post, is the site of the Marais des Cygnes massacre, where in 1858 a raiding party of Proslavery men herded sev­ eral Free-State men into a ravine and shot them, killing five and wounding five. The massacre aroused the North and broke the strength of slavery sentiment in Kansas. A monument bearing lines from Whittier’s trib­ ute to the victims is in the Trading Post ceme­ tery. W in field (F -9) (pop. 10,791). A huge mural, 62)2 feet long and 13 leet high, on a wall of the First National Bank, depicts the history of Win­ field since 1872. (Open Mondays through Fridays, 9-2:30). Located in Winfield are Southwestern College (Methodist), St. John’s College (Lutheran), and the Winfield State Hospital and Training Center. Island Park surrounded by a lagoon attracts thousands of visitors annually. Yates Center (E-ll) (pop. 2,140) is an im­ portant hay shipping point in a large hay pro­ ducing section. Woodson County state park (Lake Fegan) is located eight miles southwest of Yates Center (see Toronto). Beautiful woods and rugged lake shores mark Woodson County State Park, located eight miles southwest of Yates Center.

6 2 Concordia ...... 14 Gyp Hills, Medicine Lodge ...... 47 General Index C oolidge ...... 36 Halstead ...... 44 Coronado Heights, Lindsborg ...... 17 H a n o v e r...... 27 A b ile n e ...... 13 55 Haskell Indian Institute, Lawrence ... 29 A rg o n ia ...... 43 Cottonwood Falls ...... Arkansas C i t y ...... 53 Council G r o v e ...... 24 Hays ...... 15 A s h la n d ...... 35 D e lp h o s ...... 14 Herington ...... 27 A tc h is o n ...... 23 Dexter ...... 55 Hesston ...... 44 A u g u s ta ...... 53 Dodge C i t y ...... 36 H iawatha ...... 27 B a ld w in ...... 23 Eisenhower Home, Museum, Abilene 13 Highland ...... 27 Baxter Springs ...... 54 El Dorado ...... 55 Hill City ...... 6 Bazaar ...... 54 E llin w o o d ...... 43 Hillsboro ...... 44 B e e le r...... 5 E llis ...... 14 Hoisington ...... 15 Belle P la in e ...... 43 E lls w o rth ...... 14 H o r to n ...... 27 B e lle v ille ...... 13 E m p o ria ...... 56 H u g o to n ...... 39 Beloit...... 13 Eskridge ...... 24 Hutchinson ...... 44 B e n e d ict...... 54 E u re k a ...... 56 Independence ...... 59 Big B a s in ...... 35 Fairfax Industrial District, Kansas City 28 Indian Burial Pit, Salina ...... 19 Boot H ill, Dodge C ity ...... 36 F a ir w a y ...... 24 l o l a ...... 59 Bridge, Covered, Springdale ...... 31 Fall River Dam and Reservoir...... 56 Jamestown ...... 15 Brookville ...... 14 Farlington ...... 56 Jetmore ...... 39 Bunker Hill ...... 14 Fort Hays Kansas State College, Hays 15 Junction C i t y ...... 28 Caldwell ...... 43 Fort Leavenworth ...... 26 Kanopolis ...... 15 54 Fort R ile y ...... 26 Kanopolis Dam and Reservoir...... 15 C a rn e iro ...... 14 Fort S c o tt...... 58 Kansas City, Kansas...... 28 Castle Rock ...... 5 Fredonia ...... 58 Kansas State College, Manhattan . . 29 Cawker City ...... 14 G a le n a ...... 58 Kansas State Teachers College, Cedar Bluff Dam and Reservoir...... 5 G arden City ...... 39 E m p o ria ...... 56 Cedar V a le ...... 54 G arnett ...... 58 Kansas State Teachers College, Chanute ...... 54 Geodetic Center, North America, Pittsburg ...... 61 Cheyenne Bottoms ...... 14, 43 O s b o rn e ...... 18 Kickapoo Indian Reservation, Horton . 27 C im a rro n ...... 36 Geographic Center, United States, K in g m a n ...... 45 Claflin ...... 14 Lebanon ...... 16 Kingsdown ...... 39 C o ffe y v ille ...... 55 G o o d la n d ...... 6 K in s le y ...... 45 C o lb y ...... 5 G reat B e n d ...... 44 Kirwin Dam and Reservoir...... • 16 Columbus ...... 55 G re e n s b u rg ...... 44 Lakin ...... 39 63 Larned 45 O la th e ...... 30 Shawnee Methodist Mission, Fairway. . 24 Latham 59 O lm it z ...... 18 Smith C e n te r ...... 19 Springdale ...... 31 Lawrence 29 Osawatomie 30 Sterling ...... 49 Leavenworth 29 O s b o r n e ...... 18 Stockton ...... 20 Lebanon 16 O skaloosa ...... 30 Sun C i t y ...... 49 Lecompton 29 O s w e g o ...... 60 Syracuse ...... 41 Leoti 6 O t t a w a ...... 30 Territorial Capitol, First, Fort Riley . . . 26 Liberal . 40 O xfo rd ...... 47 T o n g a n o x ie ...... 32 Lincoln 16 Paola ...... 30 Topeka ...... 32 Lindsborg 17 P a rs o n s ...... 60 Toronto ...... 62 Lucas 18 Pawnee Rock ...... 48 Trading Post ...... 62 Lyons . 45 P e a b o d y ...... 48 T r ib u n e ...... 10 M acksville 47 Phillipsburg ...... 18 U lysse s...... 41 M anhattan 29 Pittsburg ...... 61 University of Kansas, Lawrence . . 29 M ankato 18 P le a s a n to n ...... 61 U t ic a ...... 10 M a ria d a h l 29 Pony Express Station, Hanover . . 27 V ic to r ia ...... 20 M arion . 59 Pottawatomie Indian Reservation, V inland ...... 33 M arquette 18 M a y e tta ...... 30 W abaunsee ...... 33 M arysville 30 Prairie V illage ...... 30 Waconda Springs ...... 21 M ayetta 30 P r a t t ...... 48 W aKeeney ...... 10 McPherson 46 Pretty Prairie ...... 48 W a lla c e ...... 10 M eade . . 41 Q u in te r ...... 8 W am ego ...... 33 Medicine Lodge 47 R e p u b lic ...... 18 W e lling to n ...... 50 Minneapolis 18 Rock C ity, Minneapolis ...... 18 W ichita ...... 50 M oline . 60 R u sse ll...... 18 Williamsburg ...... 33 M onum ent Rocks 7 S a b e th a ...... 30 W in fie ld ...... 62 M orland 7 St. John ...... 49 Yates Center ...... 62 Natural Bridge, Sun City 49 St. M a r y s ...... 31 Neodesha 60 St. P a u l...... 61 The 1958 Kansas Travel and Recreation N ew ton . . 47 S a lin a ...... 19 Guide has been prepared with the help North Newton 47 S a ta n ta ...... 41 of several hundred Kansas chamber of N orton . . 7 Scott C i t y ...... 8 commerce managers; newspaper editors; O a k le y ...... 7 S e n e c a ...... 31 city officials; and officials of the State Historical Society, Highway Commission, Oberlin . . 8 Sharon Springs ...... 10 Forestry, Fish and Game Commission, and O gden 30 S h a w ...... 61 Geological Survey.

64 C 3F-3