DOCSLIB.ORG

Brand Brasil: a Comparative Analysis of the Brazil Country Image in the United

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brand Brasil: a Comparative Analysis of the Brazil Country Image in the United Brand Brasil: A Comparative Analysis of the Brazil Country Image in the United States and Brazil A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Arts Iara Mara Fonseca Leão June 2012 © 2012 Iara Mara Fonseca Leão. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Brand Brasil: A Comparative Analysis of the Brazil Country Image in the United States and Brazil by IARA MARA FONSECA LEÃO has been approved for the Center for International Studies by ____________________________________________________ Yong Wang Assistant Professor of Marketing ___________________________________________________ José Delgado Costa Director, Latin American Studies ___________________________________________________ Daniel Weiner Executive Director, Center for International Studies 3 ABSTRACT FONSECA LEÃO, IARA M., M.A., June 2012, Latin American Studies Brand Brasil: A Comparative Analysis Of The Brazil Country Image In The United States and Brazil (115 pp.) Director of Thesis: Yong Wang In the past decades, countries have been adopting the trend of creating their own Nation Brand and to manage them as commercial brands, establishing their brand identities and brand strategies, resulting in their brand image. The focus of this thesis was to analyze how Brand Brazil is perceived in the United States and Brazil, by business people. Brazil developed, officially, its Brand Brazil in early 2000’s, and by 2003 there was already an Agency, called APEX-Brasil, designated to manage and promote the image of Brazil abroad. APEX-Brasil, currently, supports 81 sectors of Brazil’s economy, supports over 10,000 Brazilian companies and has promoted Brand Brazil in over 3,000 presentations worldwide for audiences of entrepreneurs, investors and trend-setters. For this thesis, an extended focus group study, with instrument containing qualitative and quantitative written questions in English and Portuguese was conducted. With the results was possible to set patterns and make comparisons between the perception from North- Americans and Brazilians. This thesis also presents recommendations to expand the promotion of Brazil for the United States market. Approved: ____________________________________________________________ Yong Wang Assistant Professor of Marketing 4 In loving memory of my mother, Carminha. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to show my gratitude to my family, especially parents Ivens and Carminha, and my brother Ivens for supporting me, unconditionally, in this journey. Thank you for motivating me to pursue my goal, which over time also became your goal. I would like to thank my mother for the numerous messages of support during difficult moments, and especially for worrying about my academic accomplishment even on her deathbed. The return to the United States and the conclusion of this degree would not have been possible if, once again, I did not have the support from my father and brother. It is a pleasure to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Wang, Dr. Axinn and Dr. Barr-Melej, without whom this thesis would not have been held. Your help, guidance and orientation were crucial to me. To my advisor Dr. Wang, who assisted me in this research and spent countless hours meeting with me to discuss my thesis, reading and revising my work. To Dr. Axinn who has been helping me since the beginning of this journey at Ohio University. Whose guidance did not remain only in the academic environment and became my friend and mentor. To Dr. Barr-Melej, who is my example of a great professor, and who promptly accepted my invitation to be in my committee. I would like to thank my coordinator Dr. Delgado, for constant assisting me throughout this journey. To Professor Gabriela Castaneda, my friend, who since my first weeks at the university has helped me to improve my academic writing and for the pleasant conversations. To the loving memory of Dr. William Day, whom I kindly called "Guigui" and who was very enthusiastic about the topic of my thesis. To all of my friends in Brazil and to my new friends, who I met during this journey, and helped me when I needed the most, especially when I was homesick. 6 To Centro Universitário UNA, especially Professors Cristiane Serpa and Frederico Martini, for giving me the opportunity to attend graduate school at Ohio University and for believing in me. To Ohio University and the Center for International Studies for making possible to me to pursue my master's degree. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................3 Dedication ............................................................................................................................4 Acknowledgments................................................................................................................5 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................9 List of Figures ....................................................................................................................10 Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................11 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................15 2.1 Brand ........................................................................................................................15 2.2 Nation Brand ............................................................................................................23 2.3 Brazil ........................................................................................................................39 2.4 Brand Brazil .............................................................................................................49 Chapter 3: Methodology ....................................................................................................62 Chapter 4: Research Results ..............................................................................................69 4.1 General Perceptions of Brazil ..................................................................................69 4.2 Statements on Brand Brazil ......................................................................................76 4.3 Positive and Negative Perceptions of Brazil ............................................................78 4.4 Personality Traits Dimensions .................................................................................80 4.5 Familiarity with Brazil .............................................................................................83 Chapter 5: Discussion ........................................................................................................88 5.1 Discussion ................................................................................................................88 5.2 Limitations ...............................................................................................................92 5.3 Recommendations ....................................................................................................93 5.4 Future Researches ....................................................................................................95 References ..........................................................................................................................96 Appendices .......................................................................................................................102 Appendix 1 - Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval ..........................................102 Appendix 2 - Institutional Review Board (IRB) Amendment Approval .....................103 Appendix 3 - Focus Group Study Questions In English ..............................................104 8 Appendix 4 - Focus Group Study Questions In Portuguese .........................................110 9 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. The GFK Nation Brands Index - Overall Top Ten Rank ..............................................36 2. The Country Brand Index 2011-2012 ............................................................................39 3. Comparisons Between Brazil And The United States ...................................................41 4. Brazilian Trade Balance 2010/2011...............................................................................44 5. Brazil In The World - Production And Exports Of Selected Products ..........................45 6. Major Countries For Brazilian Exports..........................................................................46 7. Major Supplier Countries To Brazil ..............................................................................47 8. Brazilian Exports To the United States ..........................................................................48 9. Demographic Characteristics Of Participants ................................................................66 10. Elements Of Brand Brazil As Perceived By North-Americans and Brazilians ...........71 11. Themes Discussed on Question Number Two .............................................................73 12. Stereotypes Mentioned by United States Respondents ................................................75 13. Rated Statements on Brand Brazil ...............................................................................77
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brand Loyalty Reloaded
    RED P APER BR AND LOYALT Y RELOADED 2015 KEVIN ROBERTS EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN ABSTRACT This is a “red” rather than “white” paper because Saatchi & Saatchi operates from the edges, zigs when others zag. Red is the color of passion, hope and optimism. Red is the color of spirit, the root word of inspiration. This paper is a discursive view of brand loyalty as it applies to the marketing imperatives of 2015. For a CEO, brand loyalty is the ultimate business deliverer, a f low state, but the hardest to achieve; more alchemy than science. Beyond Reason. This paper surveys recent literature about loyalty framed by our Lovemarks philosophy regarding the future beyond brands, but more particularly, it proposes that mastering the emotional dimensions of marketing is by far the most important requisite of an enterprising life in business. AUTHOR Kevin Roberts is New York-based Executive Chairman of Saatchi & Saatchi and Head Coach of Publicis Groupe, the world’s third largest communications group. Saatchi & Saatchi is one of the world’s leading creative organizations with 6500 people and 130 offices in 70 countries and works with six of the top 10 and over half of the top 50 global advertisers. Kevin Roberts started his career in the late 1960s as a brand manager with iconic London fashion house Mary Quant. He became a senior marketing executive for Gillette and Procter & Gamble in Europe and the Middle East. At 32, he became CEO of Pepsi-Cola Middle East; and later Pepsi’s CEO in Canada. In 1989, Roberts moved with his family to Auckland, New Zealand, to become Chief Operating Officer with Lion Nathan.
    [Show full text]
  • How Do Brands Become Partners for Life? Customer Brand Relationship (CBR)
    How do brands become partners for life? Customer Brand Relationship (CBR) The issue of brand management and evaluation has become ever more important and essential for brand research over the last few decades. Companies use brand research to help evaluate WHERE in the purchasing decision- making process of the consumer (now referred to as the “consumer journey”) their brand is positioned and WHY. This knowledge is needed in order to manage brands in a targeted way in future. On the one hand, this means setting the brand apart from the competition, and on the other, meeting the ideals of consumers, convincing them to continue along the consumer journey. In light of this, it is not surprising that a number of approaches aim to explain why a brand has been successful in reaching consumers at a particular stage in the consumer journey, while others have not yet been able to progress further or are in a critical position. In short, what determines brand strength and the appeal of different brands in the market and therefore validates the position it assumes in the specific decision-making process? In this context, different emotional attitudes play a key role. The research approach for brand evaluation has been undergoing constant development for many years, often influenced by the latest scientific findings. Attempting to explain the WHERE was the starting point: purchasing intention is the typical basis for approaches to brand strength measurement. It is described as a mental state which reflects the intent of customers to buy a set volume of a specific brands goods over a particular period of time (Howard, 1994) or as a subjective prediction of future behavior (Blackwell/Minard/Engel, 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • RESEARCH FINDINGS and FUTURE PRIORITIES Kevin Lane Keller
    BRANDS AND BRANDING: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES Kevin Lane Keller Tuck School of Business Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755 (603) 646-0393 (o) (603) 646-1308 (f) [email protected] Donald R. Lehmann Graduate School of Business Columbia University 507 Uris Hall 3022 Broadway New York, NY 10027 (212) 854-3465 (o) (212) 854-8762 (f) [email protected] August 2004 Revised February 2005 Second Revision May 2005 Thanks to Kathleen Chattin from Intel Corporation and Darin Klein from Microsoft Corporation, members of the Marketing Science Institute Brands and Branding Steering Group, and participants at the Marketing Science Institute Research Generation Conference and 2004 AMA Doctoral Consortium for helpful feedback and suggestions. BRANDS AND BRANDING: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES ABSTRACT Branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade due to the growing realization that brands are one of the most valuable intangible assets that firms have. Driven in part by this intense industry interest, academic researchers have explored a number of different brand-related topics in recent years, generating scores of papers, articles, research reports, and books. This paper identifies some of the influential work in the branding area, highlighting what has been learned from an academic perspective on important topics such as brand positioning, brand integration, brand equity measurement, brand growth, and brand management. The paper also outlines some gaps that exist in the research of branding and brand equity and formulates a series of related research questions. Choice modeling implications of the branding concept and the challenges of incorporating main and interaction effects of branding as well as the impact of competition are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination and Theorisation of Consumer-Brand Relationship and Its Link to Customer-Based Brand Equity By
    An Examination and Theorisation of Consumer-Brand Relationship and its Link to Customer-Based Brand Equity by Naser Pourazad Thesis Submitted to Flinders University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy College of Business, Government and Law 5th of October, 2018 1 I certify that this thesis does not incorporate without acknowledgment any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university; and that to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text. Naser Pourazad 2 Abstract Over the past decades, scholars have shown great interest in understanding the way consumers develop personal connections with brands. In fact, consumer-brand relationship has been a topical focus of published works in branding and consumer research. In addition, managers of many globally known brands have incorporated strategies to nurture strong bonds with their consumers. However, it is still not clear how brand relationships unfold. In particular, there is a need for research to understand how to strike a balance between the emotional and cognitive factors, which drive consumer-brand relationships. Therefore, the primary goal of this thesis is to improve understanding of consumer-brand relationships, with a particular focus on the role of emotions as a key contributing facet, in addition to the cognitive elements as crucial drivers. In doing so, the thesis draws upon the literature on consumer-brand relationships and relational concepts as well as the seminal studies on the customer-based brand equity (CBBE) to conceptualise and test relevant frameworks.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Brand Relationships Research: a Bibliometric Citation Meta-Analysis Marc Fetscherin Rollins College, [email protected]
    Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Faculty Publications 2-2015 Consumer Brand Relationships Research: A Bibliometric Citation Meta-Analysis Marc Fetscherin Rollins College, [email protected] Daniel Heinrich Technische Universität Braunschweig, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.rollins.edu/as_facpub Part of the Advertising and Promotion Management Commons, Communication Commons, and the Psychology Commons Published In Fetscherin, M., and Heinrich, D. (2015), “Consumer-Brand Relationship Research: A Bibliometric Citation Meta-Analysis”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 68(2), pp. 380-390. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Consumer Brand Relationships Research: A Bibliometric Citation Meta-Analysis 1. Introduction In the last two decades the number of academic journal articles dealing with research on consumer brand relationships (CBR) has increased rapidly thus reflecting the tremendous relevance of this research area in the literature. The beginning of this research area is marked by Fournier’s seminal work on consumer and their brands published in the Journal of Consumer Research in 1998. With good cause we have chosen Fournier’s work as a starting point for a bibliometric meta-analysis for the following reasons. First, also Blackston’s book chapter in 1993 “Beyond Brand Personality: Building Brand Relationships” and later Fajer and Schouten’s (1995) paper “Breakdown and Dissolution of Person-Brand Relationships “ already discussed consumer brand relationships, it was not until Fournier’s (1998) article which provides a theoretical foundation and explanation for consumer brand relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Experience and Brand Relationship to Brand Satisfaction, Trust and Loyalty Shopping Distribution of Consumer Philips Lighting Product in Indonesia
    Sylvia Christianti BUDI, Z. HIDAYAT, La MANI / Journal of Distribution Science 19-1 (2021) 115-124 115 Print ISSN: 1738-3110 / Online ISSN 2093-7717 JDS website: http://www.jds.or.kr/ http://dx.doi.org/10.15722/jds.19.1.202101.115 The Effects of Experience and Brand Relationship to Brand Satisfaction, Trust and Loyalty Shopping Distribution of Consumer Philips Lighting Product in Indonesia Sylvia Christianti BUDI1, Z. HIDAYAT2, La MANI3 Received: October 15, 2020. Revised: December 23, 2020. Accepted: January 05, 2021. Abstract Purpose: This study examines the effects of several brand variables on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology: The survey was conducted on a community with 302 city residents in Greater Jakarta as consumers of lighting products. The constructs were arranged based on several independent variables such as brand experience, brand relationships, and brand trust on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Customer satisfaction was positioned as an intervening variable to examine the effects on brand loyalty. Results: The consumer's experience determines the attitude and satisfaction at the next action. Brand experience significantly influences customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Meanwhile, a brand association related to the benefits of the product concerned so that the relationship also affects customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. However, the brand relationship does not affect brand trust. Consumers do not readily believe without experience. Conclusion: The consumer's experience significantly influences satisfaction and brand loyalty, both direct and indirect. Brand relationships affected customer satisfaction and had a direct effect on brand loyalty. Likewise, brand trust has a direct effect on brand loyalty.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Relationship Marketing Variables on Brand Resonance: Mediating Role of Brand Attitude
    International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-9 Issue-2, December, 2019 Impact of Relationship Marketing Variables on Brand Resonance: Mediating Role of Brand Attitude Divyasre. V. S, Ramya .J Abstract: Relationship Marketing has got its values strongly So it is believed that Relationship Marketing plays an rooted in business and market place right from the year 1983. It important role in developing concrete relationships with e is the core sphere of operation for all kinds of trade and no 3 organization overlooks this concept. Holding this importance of retail customers (Berry & Bendapudi, 1997) . Eventually, Relationship Marketing as a core idea, the study aims at the e retailers have started to establish relationship with discerning the impact of Relationship Marketing Variables on customers online through online communities believing Brand Resonance. Brand Resonance is yet another dominant such an initiative would enhance the performance. But still state of psychological connect which every company would like to little researches have been conducted to evaluate the establish with the customers. The Relationship Marketing effectiveness of Relationship Marketing (Sharma & Sheth, Variables Trust, conflict handling, empathy and Satisfaction are 4 considered for the analysis. Brand Loyalty, Brand Community, 2016) . Brand Engagement and Brand Attachment are the variables of Brand Resonance defines the customers relationship with Brand Resonance. Focusing on the relationship marketing the brand and the level of “sync” they establish with the variables that contributes towards high brand resonance would 5 enable companies to contemplate on these profit enabling areas brand (Keller, 2008) . It plays a significant role in CRM and that eventually leads to a sustenance growth for the organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Relationship Between Brand Personality and Brand Loyalty in Tehran, Iran: Case of Iphone Smartphone
    International Journal of Research in Management ISSN 2249-5908 Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijrm/ijrm_index.htm Issue 6, Vol. 5 (September 2016) Determining the Relationship between Brand Personality and Brand Loyalty in Tehran, Iran: Case of iPhone Smartphone Ladan Safa #1, Mohammad Reza Daraei#2 #1 MBA Student, Department of Management, Payame Noor, Post code: 3971189451 Tehran, Iran, Email: [email protected] #2 Assistant professor, Department of Management, Payame Noor, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT Previous researchers have explored the relationship between brand personality and brand loyalty and role of brand personality in enhancing brand loyalty has been highlighted in many studies. The current research aims to determine the relationship between brand personality and brand loyalty among customers of iPhone Smartphone in Tehran (capital city of Iran). In order to achieve this, quantitative approach involving data collection from two hundred and thirty consumers was taken. Based on the literature, brand personality is a function of five dimensions which are Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, Sophistication, and Ruggedness. In order to data analysis, reliability tests, correlation tests, and standard regression analysis were run in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The results reveal that each dimension of brand personality has a positive and significant relationship with brand personality. Moreover, results of regression analysis supports that brand personality has a positive and high relationship
    [Show full text]
  • The Annual Report on the World's Most Valuable Automobile, Auto Component & Tire Brands March 2018
    Auto & Tires 2018 The annual report on the world’s most valuable automobile, auto component & tire brands March 2018 Foreword. What is the purpose of a strong brand: to attract customers, to build loyalty, to motivate staff? All true, but for a commercial brand at least, the first answer must always be ‘to make money’. Huge investments are made in the design, launch, and ongoing promotion of brands. Given their potential financial value, this makes sense. Unfortunately, most organisations fail to go beyond that, missing huge opportunities to effectively make use of what are often their most important assets. Monitoring of brand performance should be the next step, but is often sporadic. Where it does take place, it frequently lacks financial rigour and is heavily reliant on qualitative measures, poorly understood by non-marketers. David Haigh As a result, marketing teams struggle to communicate the value of their work and CEO, Brand Finance boards then underestimate the significance of their brands to the business. Sceptical finance teams, unconvinced by what they perceive as marketing mumbo jumbo, may fail to agree necessary investments. What marketing spend there is, can end up poorly directed as marketers are left to operate with insufficient financial guidance or accountability. The end result can be a slow but steady downward spiral of poor communication, wasted resources, and a negative impact on the bottom line. Brand Finance bridges the gap between marketing and finance. Our teams have experience across a wide range of disciplines from market research and visual identity to tax and accounting. We understand the importance of design, advertising, and marketing, but we also believe that the ultimate and overriding purpose of brands is to make money.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Consumer Brand Relationship Research
    Academy of Strategic Management Journal Volume 17, Issue 1, 2018 EVOLUTION OF CONSUMER BRAND RELATIONSHIP RESEARCH Noor Hasmini Abd Ghani, Universiti Utara Malaysia Kashedul Wahab Tuhin, Universiti Utara Malaysia ABSTRACT The main objective of this paper is to find out the evolution of the consumer brand researches which have passed couple of decades. For this the researchers evaluate the paper published from 1980s to 2010s. The research finds that consumer brand relationship researches have passed different evolution stage. The first decade is considered as emerging period of the concept as metaphor analogous from interpersonal relationship research. The second stage is considered as deeply enrooting the concept through various research findings. The third decade is considering as spreading its branches in different facets. Lastly, in recent time it is found that the concept is generalized from different country and product categories associated with exploring its sources and consequences. The research is unique in its kind as there is lack of research in consumer brand relationship finding out evolutionary trends. The research is significant for the present and future researchers as they will get the overall scenario of consumer brand relationship research, its present status and research trends which will give them future research directions. Keywords: Brand, Consumer Brand Relationship, Relationship Partner, Evolution of Brand Relationship. INTRODUCTION Consumer brand relationship emerged as a new research field (Fournier, 1998; Keller & Lehmann, 2006) in marketing literature. Refer to the works of Shimp & Maden (1988) idea of the concept consumer brand relationship emerged as a metaphoric concept analogous to person to person relationships. Interpersonal relationship dynamics are drawn to the concept consumer brand relationship e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • A Consumer-Brand Relationship Framework for Strategic Brand Management
    A CONSUMER-BRAND RELATIONSHIP FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC BRAND MANAGEMENT By SUSAN FOURNIER A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1994 Copyright 1994 by Susan Fournier Completing a dissertation is a monumental task--a task that unavoidably dominates (and for quite some time) not only your life, but the everyday lives of all those around you. No one knows this more than Morgan, who artfully managed the burdens of my dissertation along with those of his own. How can you thank someone enough for finding the time in their own crazy schedule to selflessly help you through yours? For tolerating the bear so long in hibernation? For just being there and never giving up on you? In all honesty, I do not think I could have done it without you, Morgan. But, you know that ... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Though penned through my own hand, this thesis has many spiritual fathers. My undergraduate faculty at UMass, who opened up the field of Marketing to me in the first place, and made me feel at home in it. Jerry Olson, who never let me forget my promise to pursue doctoral education. Young & Rubicam, the firm that granted me the opportunity to experience the problems addressed in my dissertation in their rawest form. Sandy Jap, LISREL teacher extraordinaire. The cleaning lady, whose zeal to recycle saved me from writing Chapter 8. Corinne Faure: surrogate chairperson, dearest friend. Julie Ritter, who selflessly donated her time, talent, and compassion throughout the past four years.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Brand Relationships Landscape Marc Fetscherin Rollins College, [email protected]
    Rollins College Rollins Scholarship Online Faculty Publications Summer 2014 Consumer Brand Relationships Landscape Marc Fetscherin Rollins College, [email protected] Daniel Heinrich Technische Universität Braunschweig, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.rollins.edu/as_facpub Part of the Marketing Commons Published In Fetscherin, Marc and Daniel Heinrich. "Consumer Brand Relationships: A Research Landscape." Journal of Brand Management 21, no. 5 (Jun, 2014): 366-371. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Rollins Scholarship Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Rollins Scholarship Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Consumer Brand Relationships Landscape Marc Fetscherin & Daniel Heinrich Authors: Marc Fetscherin is an Associate Professor and Cornell Distinguished Faculty in the Department of International Business at Rollins College, 1000 Holt Avenue, Winter Park, FL 32789 US (Phone +1-407-691-1759; Fax +1-407-646-1566; [email protected]). Daniel Heinrich is an Assistant Professor of Marketing in the Department of Services Management at Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mühlenpfordtstraße 23, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany (Phone +49-531-391-63111; Fax +49-531-391-63122; d.heinrich@tu- braunschweig.de). Abstract This article discusses the current state of research on consumer brand relationships and then goes on and presents two distinct taxonomies or theoretical frameworks which help to classify consumer brand relationships research. First, the ‘brand connection matrix’ which classifies brand relationships into functional-based (low vs. high) and emotional-based (low vs. high) connections to brands. This leads us with a 2x2 matrix consisting of four quadrants which each are discussed.
    [Show full text]