DOCSLIB.ORG

2014-2015 Global Food Policy Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2014-2015 Global Food Policy Report CHAPTER 2 REACHING THE MISSING MIDDLE Chapter 2 REACHING THE MISSING MIDDLE Overcoming Hunger and Malnutrition in Middle Income Countries Shenggen Fan and Ertharin Cousin SUMMARY Eliminating hunger and malnutrition around the globe cannot be achieved without a new approach to dealing with the problem in middle income countries. Here’s why this is so, how the middle income countries should respond, and what the international community can do to help. unger and malnutrition are not problems exclusive to low income countries. Middle income countries (MICs), despite some being global economic powerhouses, are home to the major- ity of the world’s hungry and malnourished.1 These vulnerable populations, the “missingH middle,” tend not to either benefit from or contribute to the rapid eco- nomic growth that is characteristic of many MICs. That is why the international community cannot realize its ambitious inter- national agenda of achieving zero hunger and malnutrition without a renewed focus on MICs. That these countries have increased both their economic resources and their government capacities over the last two decades is a major boon to the development effort but not yet a victory. Economic progress must also be accompanied by sustained investment—from both governments and international partners—in reducing inequalities and improving human capital. This is particularly important in countries where just a relatively few policy and budget commitments can translate into significant progress in the food security and nutrition situation of millions of people. The challenges and opportunities to end the burden of malnutrition within MICs are as diverse as the countries themselves. Yet several unique trends and corresponding opportunities can be identified if we focus on key MICs that have had or are currently experiencing periods of rapid economic growth while housing large populations of hungry and malnourished people. Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Mexico are among the world’s most populous countries while also being ranked in the top 20 economies in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). They have each also made remarkable progress in addressing hunger and undernutrition. For example, between 1990 and 2014 Shenggen Fan is director general, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC. Ertharin Cousin is executive director, World Food Programme, Rome, Italy. hunger was reduced in Brazil by almost two-thirds providing models for effective policies that could and in China and Indonesia by more than one- help other countries succeed. Moreover, investing half.2 Child stunting improved significantly in in and implementing properly targeted social safety China from 1990 to 2013 and in Brazil from 1989 net and economic development programs can also to 2007, declining by about two-thirds in both provide the necessary conditions to achieve the kind countries.3 of population-inclusive growth needed to avoid or In 2014, MICs continued to implement policies escape the “middle-income trap,” a development sit- to improve food security and nutrition at home. uation whereby rapidly growing economies stagnate Brazil, for example, released new dietary guidelines at middle-income levels. With the right policies and to encourage consumers to limit the consumption priorities that include a larger share of the popula- of unhealthy foods.4 Additionally, the role of MICs tion in economic growth, middle income countries as influential actors in global food policy contin- will have the chance to sustainably and equitably ued to increase. Brazil and China, for instance, grow their economies while increasing stability and continued to expand investments in agriculture prosperity, a feat only achieved so far by a handful and share knowledge and technologies with the of countries. global South.5 Yet to assist the poorest and most vulnerable, THE BURDEN OF HUNGER AND even more action is required. Government food MALNUTRITION IN MICs security and nutrition efforts are constrained by several challenges, many of which are not exclusive In countries like Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and to MICs. If these challenges are properly addressed, Mexico, despite the progress that has been made these MICs and others can make a twofold contri- in reducing the number of those chronically hun- bution to significantly enhancing global food secu- gry, there remains a potential threat to sustained, rity and nutrition: first by alleviating hunger and inclusive growth. Close to half of the world’s hungry, malnutrition within their countries and second by or 363 million people, live in these five countries TABLE 1 Key characteristics of select middle income countries Years in Total Population Population GDP growth middle-income population undernourished overweight and Country (2003–2013) Gini coefficient† status (millions) (millions) obese (millions) China 9.6 42.1 15 1,368 150.8 341.9 India 6.1 33.9 7 1,260 190.7 141.1 Indonesia 4.3 35.6 11 251 21.6 52.1 Brazil 2.5 52.7 >27 200 ns 105.6 Mexico 1.3 48.1 >27 120 ns 82.6 Subtotal 3,198 363.1 723.3 World 2.7 38.5 7,125 805.3 2,458.0 Sources: Data on GDP growth, Gini coefficients, years in middle income, and population are from the World Development Indicators 2014 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013), http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/variableSelection/selectvariables.aspx?source=world-development-indicators. Data on undernourishment are from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The State of Food Insecurity in the World—2014 (Rome: 2014), http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/2014/en/. Data on obesity are estimated by multiplying population by prevalence of obesity, found in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The State of Food and Agriculture in the World—2013 (Rome: 2013), http://www.fao.org/publications/ sofa/2013/en/. Note: Use of ns refers to not significant. †The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality. A Gini coefficient value of 0 refers to perfect equality, while a value of 100 refers to perfect inequality—a sit- uation where only one person has all of the income and everyone else has no income. Each Gini coefficient in Table 1 refers to a year from 2010 to 2012. 14 OVERCOMING HUunge AND MLlnTtiin i Mdl IncMm CountriS FIGurE 1 Hunger and malnutrition in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Mexico, % of population 69 UNDERNOURISHMENT CHILD STUNTING 54 OBESITY 47.9 OVERWEIGHT 35.6 32.8 25 19.5 21 15.2 14 10.6 11 7.1 9.4 8.7 5.6 4.7 2 Brazil China India Indonesia Mexico Sources: Data on undernourishment are from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The State of Food Insecurity in the World—2014 (Rome: 2014). Data on child stunting, overweight, and obesity are from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The State of Food and Agriculture in the World—2013 (Rome: 2013). KEY FACTORS THAT CHARACTERIZE alone. Undernutrition, the result of prolonged FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN MICs inadequate intake of macro- and micronutrients, is also widespread. Despite the diversity of MICs, a shared set of factors At the same time, in each country, overnutri- influences the scale and nature of their food secu- tion (in the form of overweight and obesity) is high rity and nutrition. Many of these factors affect food or rising. Various contributing factors are reported security and nutrition in MICs according to each to include urbanization, demographic shifts, diet country’s stage of economic development. For exam- changes associated with increased income, low ple, China and India, which are experiencing rapid awareness about good nutrition, and increasingly growth, face a heavier burden of hunger and under- sedentary lifestyles.6 Modernized value chains that nutrition while Brazil and Mexico also face a heavy have increased the availability of processed foods are trend of rising overweight and obesity. also likely contributors.7 Malnutrition also imposes high economic costs. Rising Inequality Micronutrient deficiencies, for example, cost India Persistent or rising inequalities across wealth, gender, up to 3 percent of its annual GDP.8 Overweight and and access to education add to the burden of hunger obesity increase the risk of such diseases as diabetes and malnutrition. Impressive economic growth and and heart disease, which in turn strain national bud- poverty reduction can exist alongside the multiple gets. In Mexico, noncommunicable diseases related burdens of malnutrition.10 Inequities in education, to overweight and obesity were estimated to com- health, and nutrition impede human capital forma- prise 13 percent of total healthcare expenditures in tion and jeopardize sustained, long-term growth.11 2008.9 Losses in human capital development brought The government in each of these countries rec- about by malnutrition are deepened both by a lack ognizes the challenges these issues present. As a of equal access to quality education and by gender result they are implementing a variety of activities to gaps.12 Unequal access to quality education has been address these issues while recognizing more action shown to contribute to the dual burden of child is required. stunting and obesity.13 Reaching the Missing Middle 15 IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY AND Urbanization and Changing Consumer NUTRITION IN MICs AND BEYOND Preferences As part of a global trend, rising urbanization and sub- Middle income countries can learn from the expe- sequent changes in consumer preferences from tradi- riences of other countries. South Korea and Chile tional cereal-based to protein-rich diets present new have made great progress in eliminating hunger and challenges, particularly for MICs that are facing or malnutrition while promoting the kind of durable, have faced rapid and at times massive urbanization.14 inclusive growth that has helped them avoid being Rapid urbanization and shifting diets have con- stuck in the middle income trap and moved them tributed to modernized food value chains,15 which from middle- to upper-income status.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Children and Food in Warsaw : Negotiating Feeding and Eating
    Boni, Zofia Antoinia (2016) Children and food in Warsaw : Negotiating feeding and eating. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22781 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Children and Food in Warsaw: Negotiating Feeding and Eating Zofia Antonina Boni Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2016 Department of Anthropology and Sociology SOAS, University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. Signed: ____________________________ Date: __________ 2 ABSTRACT In my thesis I argue that feeding children in Warsaw involves multiple negotiations, which engage different people, various institutions and take place in varied spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Global Food Policy Report Overview
    2013 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE About IFPRI The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. The Institute conducts research, communicates results, optimizes partnerships, and builds capacity to ensure sustainable food production, promote healthy food systems, improve markets and trade, transform agriculture, build resil- ience, and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is considered in all of the Institute’s work. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world, including development implementers, public institu- tions, the private sector, and farmers’ organizations. 2013 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE A Peer-Reviewed Publication Copyright © 2014 International Food Policy Research Institute. All rights reserved. Contact the Communications and Knowledge Management Division at [email protected] for permission to reprint. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006-1002, USA Telephone: +1-202-862-5600 www.ifpri.org ISBN 978-0-89629-562-9 DOI: 10.2499/9780896295629 Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress PHOTO CREDITS Cover image: Vietnam, © Reuters/N. H. Kham Chapter images: page 1, Rwanda, © HarvestPlus; page 15, Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, China, © Reuters; page 29, New Delhi, India, © Hindustan Times via Getty Images; page 43, © Dreamstime; page 53, Kisangani, D. R. C., © Panos/A. McConnell; page 63, Tanzania, © Panos/S. Torfinn; page 75, Tanzania, © Panos/B. Sokol; page 87, Dhaka, Bangledesh, © Associated Press/P.
    [Show full text]
  • 4-H FOOD PRESERVATION Kathleen Riggs | Daniel Forbes | Stacey Macarthur Utah State University Extension
    4-H FOOD PRESERVATION Kathleen Riggs | Daniel Forbes | Stacey MacArthur Utah State University Extension Description The Discover 4-H Clubs series guides new 4-H volunteer leaders through the process of starting a 4-H club or provides a guideline for seasoned volunteer leaders to try a new project area. Each guide outlines everything needed to organize a club and hold the first six club meetings related to a specific project area. Purpose The purpose is to create an environment for families to come together and participate in learning activities while spending time together as a multi-family club. Members will experiment with new 4-H project areas. What is 4-H? 4-H is one of the largest youth development organizations in the United States. 4-H is found in almost every county across the nation and enjoys a partnership between the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the state land-grant universities (e.g., Utah State University), and local county governments. 4-H is about youth and adults working together as partners in designing and implementing club and individual plans for activities and events. Positive youth development is the primary goal of 4-H. The project area serves as the vehicle for members to learn and master project-specific skills while developing basic life skills. All projects support the ultimate goal for the 4-H member to develop positive personal assets needed to live successfully in a diverse and changing world. Participation in 4-H has shown many positive outcomes for youth. Specifically, 4-H participants have higher participation in civic contribution, higher grades, increased healthy habits, and higher participation in science than other youth (Lerner et al., 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Global Food Policy Report
    GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT 2016 About IFPRI The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, provides research-based pol- icy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. The Institute conducts research, communicates results, optimizes partnerships, and builds capacity to ensure sustainable food production, promote healthy food systems, improve markets and trade, transform agriculture, build resilience, and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is considered in all of the Institute’s work. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world, including development implementers, public institutions, the private sector, and farmers’ organizations. GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT 2016 A Peer-Reviewed Publication Copyright © 2016 International Food Policy Research Institute. All rights reserved. For permission to reprint, contact the Communications and Knowledge Management Division at [email protected]. Recommended citation: International Food Policy Research Institute. 2016. 2016 Global Food Policy Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006-1002, USA Telephone: +1-202-862-5600 www.ifpri.org ISBN: 978-0-89629-582-7 DOI: 10.2499/9780896295827 Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress PHOTO CREDITS Cover main image: India, Panos/Chris Stowers. Cover collage (from top, l-r): iStock; Algeria, Reuters/Ramzi Boudina; Taiwan, Panos/Chris Stowers; Kenya, Panos/Mikkel Ostergaard; Kenya, Panos/Mikkel Ostergaard; India, Panos/Jacob Silberberg; Indonesia, Panos/Chris Stowers; India, IFAD/Susan Beccio; China, Imaginechina/Shan he.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Texture Influences on Satiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Food texture infuences on satiety: systematic review and meta‑analysis Ecaterina Stribiţcaia1, Charlotte E. L. Evans2, Catherine Gibbons3, John Blundell3 & Anwesha Sarkar1* Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. Development of satiety‑enhancing foods is considered as a promising strategy to reduce food intake and promote weight management. Food texture may infuence satiety through diferences in appetite sensations, gastrointestinal peptide release and food intake, but the degree to which it does remains unclear. Herein, we report the frst systematic review and meta‑analyses on efects of food texture (form, viscosity, structural complexity) on satiety. Both solid and higher viscous food reduce hunger by − 4.97 mm (95% confdence interval (CI) − 8.13, − 1.80) and − 2.10 mm (95% CI − 4.38, 1.18), respectively compared to liquid and low viscous food. An efect of viscosity on fullness (95% CI 5.20 (2.43, 7.97) and a moderate efect of the form of food (95% CI − 26.19 (− 61.72, − 9.35) on food intake were noted. Due to the large variation among studies, the results should be interpreted cautiously and modestly. Obesity is an escalating global epidemic that falls in the spectrum of malnutrition and is associated with sub- stantial morbidity and mortality consequences. In addition to obesity-induced physical disabilities and psycho- logical problems, excess weight dramatically increases a person’s risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases 1, cancers2 and diabetes3. For the frst time in the human history, the population with obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) has surpassed that of the population with underweight4 with current estimation of 1.9 billion adults with overweight globally, of which 650 million are obese5.
    [Show full text]
  • Harvey Wiley, the Man Who Changed America One Bite at a Time Rishit Shaquib Junior Division Individual Documentary Process Pape
    Harvey Wiley, The Man Who Changed America One Bite at A Time Rishit Shaquib Junior Division Individual Documentary Process Paper: 500 Words When we first received the topic breakthroughs in history, I immediately thought of people we often heard about such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Albert Einstein, and although these are famous pioneers in science and social change, I didn’t want to tell a well-known story. One day while researching I came across the story of a man who poisoned a group of applicants in order to pass some of America’s first food and drug bills. I began to research further into the topic and came across a man by the name of Harvey Wiley. His story intrigued me and the more I researched the more interesting the story became. I soon found that this story was the perfect one for me to tell. In order to conduct my research, I developed a timeline which also assisted in how I developed my documentary. By outlining important people and significant events, I could effectively organize my research. I used a variety of sources, spending time in local and online libraries looking for encyclopedias and books as well as scouring the web for valuable sources of information. I was cautious in citing websites as they are vulnerable to bias, and glorification which I didn’t want influencing my documentary. Archives played a valuable role throughout my research, often providing other sources to research and a great source of primary sources. I reached out and utilized a multitude of archives, such as those from Harvard, and from The Library of Congress where I found many documents from his work.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Acceptance of Novel Food Technologies
    REVIEW ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0094-x Consumer acceptance of novel food technologies Michael Siegrist ✉ and Christina Hartmann ✉ Novel food technologies are important for food security, safety and sustainability. Consumers, however, are often hesitant to accept them. In this narrative Review, we organize the research describing how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of agri-food technologies. Associations evoked by a food technology, its perceived nat- uralness and trust in the industry using it influence consumer acceptance. Food neophobia, disgust sensitivity and cultural values are crucial personality factors for explaining individual differences. Using gene technology, nanotechnology, cultured meat and food irradiation as cases, we explore factors that may explain consumers’ acceptance or lack of acceptance. Climate change, food supply shocks caused by crises such as pandemics and population growth are imminent threats to the food sys- tem. Therefore, disruptive food technologies will be needed to progress towards a more resilient food system. Taking into account the factors influencing consumers’ perceptions of novel food technologies during the early stage of development and introduction will hopefully result in a higher acceptance of such technologies. echnologies employed along the supply chain have enhanced domains, technological development in food has little obsoles- the safety, nutritional value and sustainability of food, and cence over time—new technologies do not replace older ones so yet agri-food technologies are not always perceived in a posi- much, but build upon and add to. As a consequence, there is much T 1–3 tive way by consumers . As we look to ‘disruptive technologies’ less pressure for consumers to accept innovations compared with for transforming food systems, important questions arise: Why do other domains.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Safety: Where from and Where To? Christopher J
    The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0007-070X.htm BFJ 108,1 Food safety: where from and where to? Christopher J. Griffith 6 School of Applied Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK Abstract Purpose – For nearly 150 years the study of food safety has been dominated by a microbiological approach, however, in many countries cases of foodborne disease are at record levels. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of food safety and present a model for studying food safety. Design/methodology/approach – The history of food safety is reviewed. Data from outbreak investigations and observational studies of food handling are analysed Findings – Whilst micro-organisms are a major factor in foodborne disease and microbiology an important research discipline, in order to reduce the incidence of foodborne disease additional research approaches should be used. Such strategies should include food handler behaviour and its links with food safety organisational culture, and food safety management systems. Practical implications – The findings highlight the limitations of the present approach and the need for additional data, using a wider range of research techniques Originality/value – A novel model for studying food safety is presented, which has practical implications for reducing the economic and social burden of foodborne disease. Keywords Food safety, Microbiology, Micro-organisms, Diseases Paper type Viewpoint Background Food is essential to life but if contaminated can cause illness and even death. Fortunately, the latter only happens in a minority of cases, although the morbidity associated with the millions of cases of food related illness worldwide has significant social and economic consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • D8.1 - Piloting Plan
    Big Data to Enable Global Disruption of the Grapevine-powered Industries D8.1 - Piloting Plan DELIVERABLE NUMBER D8.1 DELIVERABLE TITLE Piloting Plan RESPONSIBLE AUTHOR Aikaterini Kasimati (AUA) Co-funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union Big Data to Enable Global Disruption of the Grapevine-powered industries GRANT AGREEMENT N. 780751 PROJECT ACRONYM BigDataGrapes Big Data to Enable Global Disruption of the Grapevine-powered PROJECT FULL NAME industries STARTING DATE (DUR.) 01/01/2018 (36 months) ENDING DATE 31/12/2020 PROJECT WEBSITE http://www.bigdatagrapes.eu/ COORDINATOR Nikos Manouselis ADDRESS 110 Pentelis Str., Marousi, GR15126, Greece REPLY TO [email protected] PHONE +30 210 6897 905 EU PROJECT OFFICER Ms. Annamária Nagy WORKPACKAGE N. | TITLE WP8 | Grapevine-powered Industry Application Pilots WORKPACKAGE LEADER Agricultural University of Athens DELIVERABLE N. | TITLE D8.1 | Piloting Plan RESPONSIBLE AUTHOR Aikaterini Kasimati (AUA) REPLY TO [email protected] DOCUMENT URL http://www.bigdatagrapes.eu/ 30 June 2018 (M6), 31 March 2019 (M15, updated version), 6 August DATE OF DELIVERY (CONTRACTUAL) 2019 (M20, Updated Version) 29 June 2018 (M6), 29 March 2019 (M15, updated version), 6 DATE OF DELIVERY (SUBMITTED) August 2019 (M20, Updated Version) VERSION | STATUS 3.0 | Final NATURE Report (R) DISSEMINATION LEVEL Public (PU) AUTHORS (PARTNER) Aikaterini Kasimati (AUA) Spyros Fountas (AUA), Evangelos Anastasiou (AUA), Maritina Stavrakaki (AUA), Florian Schlenz (Geocledian), Simone Parisi CONTRIBUTORS
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Global Food Policy Report Is the Third in an Annual Series That Provides an In-Depth Look at Major Food Policy Developments and Events
    2013 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE About IFPRI The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. The Institute conducts research, communicates results, optimizes partnerships, and builds capacity to ensure sustainable food production, promote healthy food systems, improve markets and trade, transform agriculture, build resil- ience, and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is considered in all of the Institute’s work. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world, including development implementers, public institu- tions, the private sector, and farmers’ organizations. 2013 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE A Peer-Reviewed Publication Copyright © 2014 International Food Policy Research Institute. All rights reserved. Contact the Communications and Knowledge Management Division at [email protected] for permission to reprint. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006-1002, USA Telephone: +1-202-862-5600 www.ifpri.org ISBN 978-0-89629-562-9 DOI: 10.2499/9780896295629 Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress PHOTO CREDITS Cover image: Vietnam, © Reuters/N. H. Kham Chapter images: page 1, Rwanda, © HarvestPlus; page 15, Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, China, © Reuters; page 29, New Delhi, India, © Hindustan Times via Getty Images; page 43, © Dreamstime; page 53, Kisangani, D. R. C., © Panos/A. McConnell; page 63, Tanzania, © Panos/S. Torfinn; page 75, Tanzania, © Panos/B. Sokol; page 87, Dhaka, Bangledesh, © Associated Press/P.
    [Show full text]
  • Goodrich Castle Teachers'
    KS1-2KS1–2 KS3 TEACHERS’ KIT KS4+ Goodrich Castle This kit will help teachers plan a visit to Goodrich Castle, which provides invaluable insight into life in a medieval castle. Use these resources before, during and after your visit to help students get the most out of their learning. GET IN TOUCH WITH OUR EDUCATION BOOKINGS TEAM: 0370 333 0606 [email protected] bookings.english-heritage.org.uk/education Share your visit with us on Twitter @EHEducation The English Heritage Trust is a charity, no. 1140351, and a company, no. 07447221, registered in England. All images are copyright of English Heritage or Historic England unless otherwise stated. Published August 2019 WELCOME This Teachers’ Kit for Goodrich Castle has been designed for teachers and group leaders to support a free self-led visit to the site. It includes a variety of materials suited to teaching a wide range of subjects and key stages, with practical information, activities for use on site and ideas to support follow-up learning. We know that each class and study group is different, so we have collated our resources into one kit allowing you to decide which materials are best suited to your needs. Please use the contents page, which has been colour-coded to help you easily locate what you need and view individual sections. All of our activities have clear guidance on the intended use for study so you can adapt them for your desired learning outcomes. To further aid your planning, we have created Hazard Information sheets, which you can download from our Schools page.
    [Show full text]
  • Food and Art: a Brief History
    Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 2004 Food and art: A Brief history Isaac Rivera Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Rivera, Isaac, "Food and art: A Brief history" (2004). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Food and Art: A Brief History By Isaac Rivera A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Fine Arts Rochester Institute of Technology School of Photographic Arts and Sciences Spring 2004 Approved by J. Weiss Chair: Jeff Weiss Associate Professor, School of Photographic Arts and Sciences Angela Kelly Angela Kelly I I Date Professor, School of Photographic Arts and Sciences Judith A. Levy I ) Judy Levy Date Faculty, College of Imaging Arts and Sciences Thesis/Diss,ertation Author Permission Statement T::~C.O f , ~;:"~"" ,,, :!o~ . =:~ ~~: ~~_. e, .. i -e.6:~_~~ +v 1 , __ "';" __ ' _ '" ''4.''';;'',"- '>!,''''' ''~'"'';' •.• ''''''''' ' ''' __ __ ' __ '' __ '' ' . .1': :':':1;)i.~ ,l~ - . _. .- '. ' '':' ' ~' ... : ~ -.:.. _" ••..).o, ... ' <";' ____._ , . ,,, ... ~_' _" ' . ~ ~ ••_ ;,}.'.~_ _ . , . " •.' • ".- --, ' ~' - , ,' • "" - " ~ • • - W" , , . ,,_ _ , '" - .-.'~ " /w. ~ .".~ I urulcr»l.and that 1 mu.st suhrmt .1 prml (UP!' ul my Che!>IS or dlSscftahon to Ihe Rn' AI Ch l'.'~:' . per (urn'nt RIT fUllldmcs lor the completIOn GI my d t':;!rrt' ~ , [ hereby grunt 10 the Kl.xtK'slcr Institute nf Technology and Its a~ents the non-cxdlblvC hl(:n~ c to drl:hl'iC and rn"IKc aLcc:';""lbk my lileS\.' or dISs..~l t"'t"->n In wnD!C' or ln pari In all f0Jlm or m~dla m p::rpetuLr'Y.
    [Show full text]